Question 1

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments
-$ \begin{array}{l}\mathrm{A} \supset(\mathrm{B} \vee \mathrm{C}) \ \sim\underline{ \mathrm{B} \cdot \sim \mathrm{C}} \ \therefore \sim \mathrm{A}\end{array} $

A) modus ponens
B) modus tollens
C) denying the antecedent
D) affirming the consequent

Accepted Answer

This is an example of modus tollens, which takes the form: If P, then Q. Not Q, therefore not P. In this case, A implies B or C, and the negation of B and C leads to the conclusion of not A.

Question 2

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-Small scale agriculture will be profitable and growers will get subsidies, only if demand for local food does not decrease.
A) ~ [D $\sqsupset$ (P • S)]
B) (P • S) $\sqsupset$ ~ D
C) ~ D $\sqsupset$ (P • S)
D) P • (S $\sqsupset$ ~ D)

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Translate each of the following arguments into symbolic form. Then, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid by identifying the argument form.
-The death penalty will deter terrorists only if it deters murderers. Consequently, the death penalty will not deter terrorists since it has been shown to not deter murderers.

Accepted Answer

$ \begin{array}{l}\mathrm{T} \supset \mathrm{M} \ \sim \underline{\mathrm{M}} \ \therefore \sim \mathrm{T}\end{array} $
modus tollens; valid

Question 4

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-It is not the case that Ese speaks Urdu and French.
A) ~ U • ~ F
B) ~ (U • F)
C) ~ (U $\lor$ F)
D) ~ U • F

Accepted Answer

The claim can be rewritten as "Ese does not speak Urdu or Ese does not speak French". This is represented as ~(U • F), which is equivalent to choice B.

Question 5

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-If you are eligible for swimming, then you are eligible for water polo.
A) S $\lor$ W
B) W $\sqsupset$ S
C) S $\sqsupset$ W
D) S • W

Accepted Answer

The correct translation of "If you are eligible for swimming, then you are eligible for water polo" is represented by a conditional statement, where the antecedent (if part) is "eligible for swimming" and the consequent (then part) is "eligible for water polo". The symbol "uf0c9" represents the conditional "if...then...". Therefore, option C correctly translates this with "S" leading to "W".

Question 6

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments
-$ \begin{array}{l}\mathrm{A} \supset(\mathrm{B} \cdot \mathrm{C}) \ \underline{B \cdot C} \ \therefore \mathrm{A}\end{array} $

A) modus ponens
B) modus tollens
C) denying the antecedent
D) affirming the consequent

Accepted Answer

This argument form is affirming the consequent, which mistakenly infers the truth of the antecedent (A) from the truth of the consequent (B · C). This is a logical fallacy.

Question 7

Translate each of the following arguments into symbolic form. Then, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid by identifying the argument form.
-Susan is not going swimming. This is because if Susan goes swimming, then the tide must be going out, and the tide is not going out.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Translate each of the following arguments into...

Question 8

Translate each of the following arguments into symbolic form. Then, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid by identifying the argument form.
-Your health insurance isn't good. Given that you won't receive good health care unless you have good health care insurance, that means that you will not get good health care.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Translate each of the following arguments into...

Question 9

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-This spring, Michael will go to Europe or travel through China, and he will keep a daily journal.
A) E $\lor$ C • J
B) (E $\lor$ C) • J
C) E $\lor$ (C • J)
D) (E • C) $\lor$ J

Accepted Answer

The logical structure of the sentence can be broken down as follows:
Michael will go to Europe or travel through China -> (E F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 C)
and -> •
he will keep a daily journal -> J
The conjunction "and" connects the two statements, and the parentheses group together the first statement as a disjunction. Therefore, the correct translation is (E F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 C) • J.

Question 10

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-Either kestrels winter in Mexico and summer in Canada, or they remain all year here in Alabama.
A) (M • C) $\lor$ A
B) (M $\lor$ C) • A
C) M • C $\lor$ A
D) M • (C $\lor$ A)

Accepted Answer

The correct translation is option A, which represents the logical structure of the statement: either kestrels winter in Mexico and summer in Canada, or they remain all year in Alabama. This is correctly symbolized by the use of parentheses to group the conditions for wintering in Mexico and summering in Canada together, followed by the disjunction symbol (uf0da) indicating the "or" relationship with the condition of remaining all year in Alabama.

Question 11

Translate each of the following arguments into symbolic form. Then, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid by identifying the argument form.
-If managers plan to give themselves a raise, then they will either raise the pay of the analysts or they will ask for more money from investors. Therefore, since they neither raised the pay of the analysts nor asked for more money from investors, managers must not be planning to give themselves a raise.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Translate each of the following arguments into...

Question 12

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-You can enter the chess tournament only if you are ranked.
A) R $\lor$ C
B) C $\lor$ R
C) C $\sqsupset$ R
D) R $\sqsupset$ C

Accepted Answer

The compound claim "You can enter the chess tournament only if you are ranked" can be translated as "If you are not ranked, then you cannot enter the chess tournament." This can be represented as C F1F1F1S1→F1F1F10 R, where C denotes "cannot," S1 denotes "ranked," F1F1F1 denotes "enter the chess tournament," and F1F1F10 denotes "if you are ranked." Choice C correctly represents this translation by using the conditional (→) symbol. The other choices either use the wrong symbols or incorrectly place the variables.

Question 13

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-You cannot enter the chess tournament unless you are ranked.
A) R • ~ C
B) C $\lor$ R
C) ~ C $\sqsupset$ R
D) ~ R $\sqsupset$ ~ C

Accepted Answer

The correct translation of "You cannot enter the chess tournament unless you are ranked" is logically equivalent to saying "If you are not ranked, then you cannot enter the chess tournament," which is represented by D) ~ R → ~ C. This uses the implication form, where the condition of not being ranked (~R) leads to the consequence of not being able to enter (~C).

Question 14

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments
-$ \begin{array}{l}(\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{B}) \supset \mathrm{C} \ \sim \underline{\mathrm{A} \vee \sim \mathrm{B}} \ \therefore \mathrm{C}\end{array} $

A) modus ponens
B) modus tollens
C) denying the antecedent
D) affirming the consequent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the argument form for each of...

Question 15

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-You can enter the chess tournament if you are ranked.
A) R $\lor$ C
B) C $\lor$ R
C) C $\sqsupset$ R
D) R $\sqsupset$ C

Accepted Answer

The statement "You can enter the chess tournament if you are ranked" translates to "If R (you are ranked), then C (you can enter the chess tournament)," which is represented by R $\sqsupset$ C.

Question 16

Translate each of the following arguments into symbolic form. Then, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid by identifying the argument form.
-Peter Singer argues that meat consumption is unethical, and he's right. This is because meat consumption is ethical only if animals are treated humanely, and our current food industry does not treat animals humanely.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Translate each of the following arguments into...

Question 17

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-Neither a sculpture nor a painting will be exhibited in the new gallery.
A) S • P
B) ~ (S • P)
C) ~ S $\lor$ ~ P
D) ~ (S $\lor$ P)

Accepted Answer

The correct translation is D) ~ (S ∨ P), which means "It is not the case that either a sculpture will be exhibited or a painting will be exhibited." This accurately reflects the original statement that neither a sculpture nor a painting will be exhibited.

Question 18

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments
-$ \begin{array}{l}(\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{B}) \supset \mathrm{C} \ \sim \underline{\mathrm{A} \vee \sim \mathrm{B}} \ \therefore \mathrm{C}\end{array} $

A) modus ponens
B) modus tollens
C) denying the antecedent
D) affirming the consequent

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the argument form for each of...

Question 19

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
-Phyllis will be late for the exam if she swims with the team and lifts weights with her friend.
A) (S • W) $\sqsupset$ E
B) E $\sqsupset$ (S • W)
C) S • (W $\sqsupset$ E)
D) (E $\sqsupset$ S) • W

Accepted Answer

The correct translation of the statement "Phyllis will be late for the exam if she swims with the team and lifts weights with her friend" is represented by choice A, "(S • W) uf0c9 E". This is because the compound claim involves a conditional (if-then) structure where the conjunction of two actions (swimming with the team and lifting weights with her friend, represented by "S • W") leads to an outcome (being late for the exam, represented by "E"). The correct symbol for conditional is "uf0c9", indicating that the occurrence of the first event(s) leads to the second event.

Question 20

Translate each of the following arguments into symbolic form. Then, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid by identifying the argument form.
-The war on drugs will succeed in the 1990's if Prohibition succeeded in the 1920's. But Prohibition did not succeed in the 1920's. So, the war on drugs will not succeed in the 1990's.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Translate each of the following arguments into...

Quiz 7: Evaluating Truth-Functional Arguments

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - $\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{A} \supset(\mathrm{B} \vee \mathrm{C}) \\ \sim\underline{ \mathrm{B} \cdot \sim \mathrm{C}} \\ \therefore \sim \mathrm{A}\end{array}$

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -Small scale agriculture will be profitable and growers will get subsidies, only if demand for local food does not decrease.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -It is not the case that Ese speaks Urdu and French.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -If you are eligible for swimming, then you are eligible for water polo.

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - $\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{A} \supset(\mathrm{B} \cdot \mathrm{C}) \\ \underline{B \cdot C} \\ \therefore \mathrm{A}\end{array}$

Translate each of the following arguments into symbolic form. Then, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid by identifying the argument form. -Susan is not going swimming. This is because if Susan goes swimming, then the tide must be going out, and the tide is not going out.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -This spring, Michael will go to Europe or travel through China, and he will keep a daily journal.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -Either kestrels winter in Mexico and summer in Canada, or they remain all year here in Alabama.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -You can enter the chess tournament only if you are ranked.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -You cannot enter the chess tournament unless you are ranked.

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - $\begin{array}{l}(\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{B}) \supset \mathrm{C} \\ \sim \underline{\mathrm{A} \vee \sim \mathrm{B}} \\ \therefore \mathrm{C}\end{array}$

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -You can enter the chess tournament if you are ranked.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -Neither a sculpture nor a painting will be exhibited in the new gallery.

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - $\begin{array}{l}(\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{B}) \supset \mathrm{C} \\ \sim \underline{\mathrm{A} \vee \sim \mathrm{B}} \\ \therefore \mathrm{C}\end{array}$

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -Phyllis will be late for the exam if she swims with the team and lifts weights with her friend.

Quiz 7: Evaluating Truth-Functional Arguments

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -Small scale agriculture will be profitable and growers will get subsidies, only if demand for local food does not decrease.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -It is not the case that Ese speaks Urdu and French.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -If you are eligible for swimming, then you are eligible for water polo.

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - A⊃(B⋅C) B⋅C‾∴A \begin{array}{l}\mathrm{A} \supset(\mathrm{B} \cdot \mathrm{C}) \\ \underline{B \cdot C} \\ \therefore \mathrm{A}\end{array} A⊃(B⋅C) B⋅C​∴A​

Translate each of the following arguments into symbolic form. Then, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid by identifying the argument form. -Susan is not going swimming. This is because if Susan goes swimming, then the tide must be going out, and the tide is not going out.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -This spring, Michael will go to Europe or travel through China, and he will keep a daily journal.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -Either kestrels winter in Mexico and summer in Canada, or they remain all year here in Alabama.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -You can enter the chess tournament only if you are ranked.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -You cannot enter the chess tournament unless you are ranked.

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - (A⋅B) ⊃C∼A∨∼B‾∴C \begin{array}{l}(\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{B}) \supset \mathrm{C} \\ \sim \underline{\mathrm{A} \vee \sim \mathrm{B}} \\ \therefore \mathrm{C}\end{array} (A⋅B) ⊃C∼A∨∼B​∴C​

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -You can enter the chess tournament if you are ranked.

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -Neither a sculpture nor a painting will be exhibited in the new gallery.

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - (A⋅B) ⊃C∼A∨∼B‾∴C \begin{array}{l}(\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{B}) \supset \mathrm{C} \\ \sim \underline{\mathrm{A} \vee \sim \mathrm{B}} \\ \therefore \mathrm{C}\end{array} (A⋅B) ⊃C∼A∨∼B​∴C​

Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims. -Phyllis will be late for the exam if she swims with the team and lifts weights with her friend.

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - $\begin{array}{l}\mathrm{A} \supset(\mathrm{B} \cdot \mathrm{C}) \\ \underline{B \cdot C} \\ \therefore \mathrm{A}\end{array}$

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - $\begin{array}{l}(\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{B}) \supset \mathrm{C} \\ \sim \underline{\mathrm{A} \vee \sim \mathrm{B}} \\ \therefore \mathrm{C}\end{array}$

Identify the argument form for each of the following symbolized arguments - $\begin{array}{l}(\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{B}) \supset \mathrm{C} \\ \sim \underline{\mathrm{A} \vee \sim \mathrm{B}} \\ \therefore \mathrm{C}\end{array}$