Question 1

To most people,the word psychologist conjures up an image of a therapist listening intently to a client.But not all psychologists do clinical work.Describe the different professional activities of psychologists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To most people,the word psychologist conjures up...

Question 2

Only a small percentage of this year's bachelor-level psychology graduates will go on to work in psychological fields.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the American Psychological Association, only about 25-30% of bachelor's-level psychology graduates go on to work in jobs directly related to psychology. The majority of graduates pursue careers in other fields or go on to further education.

Question 3

Critical thinkers realize that all opinions are created equal.

Accepted Answer

Critical thinkers recognize that not all opinions are created equal and that some opinions are based on evidence and reasoning while others are based on personal bias or misinformation. They evaluate opinions based on their credibility, evidence, and logical consistency.

Question 4

Phrenologists suggested that specific mental traits and dispositions could be read by examining the surface of the skull.

Accepted Answer

Phrenology was a popular pseudoscience in the 19th century that claimed that specific mental characteristics could be determined by examining the bumps and contours of the skull.

Question 5

Psychoanalysis emphasizes the influence of unconscious urges and memories on behavior.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis is a theory of personality and therapy that emphasizes the influence of unconscious thoughts, feelings, memories, and desires on behavior. It was developed by Sigmund Freud and his followers.

Question 6

Applied psychology is the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application.

Accepted Answer

Applied psychology, by definition, seeks to apply psychological knowledge to practical problems and improve real-world situations.

Question 7

Psychology became a scientific discipline in the 1600s.

Accepted Answer

Psychology did not become a scientific discipline until the late 1800s, with the establishment of laboratories for experimental research and the adoption of the scientific method.

Question 8

The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes mental processes in thinking,memory,language,and other areas of behavior.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective does indeed emphasize mental processes in thinking, memory, language, and other areas of behavior.

Question 9

Many non-scientists confuse the terms hypothesis and theory.Explain the difference between the two terms and the interaction between hypothesis testing and the construction of theories in the scientific method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many non-scientists confuse the terms hypothesis and...

Question 10

Credit for establishing psychology as an independent field of science is generally given to William James.

Accepted Answer

Credit for establishing psychology as an independent field of science is generally given to Wilhelm Wundt, who founded the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879.

Question 11

Empiricism means that knowledge about the world is based on the careful observation,not common sense or speculation.

Accepted Answer

Empiricism is the philosophical belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience and observation, rather than through reasoning or speculation. Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of careful, systematic observation and experimentation in forming valid conclusions about the world.

Question 12

The goal of Wilhelm Wundt's trained introspection volunteers was to break down behavior into its most basic elements.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the goal of Wilhelm Wundt's trained introspection volunteers. They were instructed to analyze their own thoughts and experiences into their most basic components in order to understand the underlying mental processes involved in perception, sensation, and emotion.

Question 13

Structuralism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the purpose of behavior and consciousness.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was an early psychological approach that focused on the analysis of the basic elements of consciousness, rather than on the purpose of behavior and consciousness. The purpose of behavior was later emphasized by the functionalist school of thought.

Question 14

Humanistic psychology is an approach emphasizing that psychologists need to focus on the whole of the perception and experience,rather than its parts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humanistic psychology is an approach emphasizing that...

Question 15

The scientific method was applied to the study of physics,biology,and chemistry beginning in the 1600s,but it was almost 300 years later before it was used to study the mind.Explain why the zeitgeist of Western world in the 17^th century slowed the development of psychological science.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The scientific method was applied to the...

Question 16

Most of the helping professions in psychology require graduate degrees and state licensure or certification.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. For example, professions like clinical psychology, counseling psychology, and school psychology generally require a graduate degree (often a PhD or PsyD) and state licensure or certification to practice independently. Other professions in psychology, such as social work or marriage and family therapy, may also require graduate degrees and state licensure.

Question 17

Programs leading to a PsyD.are usually designed to prepare a person both as a scientist and as a clinical practitioner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Programs leading to a PsyD.are usually designed...

Question 18

In the 19^th and early 20^th centuries,many of the early contributions to psychology were made,not by psychologists,but by individuals from other professions.Identify how each of the following professions/areas contributed to the early development of psychology: physics,evolutionary theory,medicine,and the social sciences.Provide examples of individual contributions for each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the 19^th and early 20^th centuries,many...

Question 19

Health psychologists are interested in how lifestyle choices and other behaviors combine with genetics and environment to affect physical health.

Accepted Answer

Health psychologists study the relationships between behavior, environment, and health outcomes. They focus in particular on how factors like stress, diet, exercise, and substance abuse interact with genetic and environmental factors to influence physical health.

Question 20

Sigmund Freud's work using hypnosis to cure patients made him to realize that many of his patients' symptoms had mental,not physical,causes and this led to the development of psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

This is true, as Freud's work with hypnosis eventually led him to develop the field of psychoanalysis, which focused on the exploration of unconscious thoughts and emotions to treat mental illness.

Quiz 1: Introducing Psychological Science