Question 1

Darci wants to go to medical school. She has a 4.0 in her undergraduate coursework, but she is stressed with having to take the UMAT. She is taking steps to minimise this stress by signing up for UMAT prep classes. Darci is engaging in

Accepted Answer

Darci is engaging in proactive coping by taking steps to minimise her stress even before encountering the UMAT.

Question 2

Psychologists use the term ________ to describe illnesses in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate physical conditions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists use the term ________ to describe...

Question 3

Research exploring the relationship between Type A personalities and coronary heart disease (CHD)is not as strong as was previously believed. Some studies found support for this relationship, while others did not. While this inconsistency may at first glance seem to be a bad thing, it does provide avenues for further exploration and clarity. The lack of consistent research findings is important for which of the following concepts from this chapter?

Accepted Answer

Replicability refers to the ability to repeat or duplicate research findings. Inconsistency in research findings highlights the need for further replication and exploration, which is important for establishing the reliability and validity of research findings.

Question 4

Eric was recently fired from his job. His response to this stressful event was to take charge of the situation and research available jobs in his field. Then he applied to each of the open positions for which he was qualified, in order to reduce the impact of the situation. This active type of coping is known as

Accepted Answer

Behavioral control involves taking action to tackle a situation that is causing stress or problems. In this case, Eric is actively trying to reduce the impact of being fired by researching and applying to available jobs in his field. Emotional control would involve trying to regulate one's emotions in response to the situation, cognitive control would involve changing one's thoughts or perceptions about the situation, and decisional control would involve making a decision about how to respond to the situation.

Question 5

What is the term for the people and groups who can provide emotional comfort and personal and financial resources during times of need?

Accepted Answer

The term for people and groups who can provide emotional comfort and personal and financial resources during times of need is social support. It includes family, friends, peers, and community members who can offer various forms of assistance and care, such as listening, advice, practical help, or financial aid. Social support is known to have a positive impact on mental and physical health, resilience, and coping abilities, especially in stressful or traumatic situations.

Question 6

Mark has been struggling with his college classes as of late. He has been working many hours, taking care of his children, and trying to carry a full load of classes. This semester he wants to take classes that are known to be a bit easier, so he consults with his friends at the college to get an idea of which courses will be less challenging. Mark's plan of gathering information before selecting a class is a demonstration of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mark has been struggling with his college...

Question 7

Joanna has a Type A personality. Which of the following traits are descriptive of her personality?

Accepted Answer

Type A personality is characterized by being competitive, driven, and ambitious.

Question 8

Social support encompasses social relations with

Accepted Answer

Social support includes relationships with individual people, groups, and the larger community. It is a broader concept that encompasses all types of social connections and resources available to an individual.

Question 9

Khadija recently suffered a broken heart when her romantic partner decided to end their relationship. She has started writing in a journal whenever she is feeling particularly down, and this has helped her stay focused at school and work and not let her sadness get the better of her. Khadija is using a(n)________ control technique.

Accepted Answer

Khadija is using an emotional control technique, as she is managing and regulating her emotions through the act of journaling. The other options are not applicable as Khadija is not using a specific behavior, making a decision, or altering her thoughts to control her emotions.

Question 10

What has research on social support and rates of mortality shown?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that people with less social support have higher rates of mortality. This is thought to be due to the negative impact of stress on physical health, and the beneficial effects of social support on stress reduction.

Question 11

Which Type A personality characteristic is the key trait that is the most predictive of heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that hostility, which includes cynicism, anger, and aggression, is the most predictive Type A personality characteristic for heart disease. Hostile individuals tend to have higher levels of stress hormones and inflammation, which can damage the cardiovascular system over time. Compulsiveness, competitiveness, and chronic irritability are also characteristic of Type A personalities but have not been shown to be as strongly linked to heart disease as hostility.

Question 12

Jayci lost her husband, daughter, and home in a widespread wildfire in California. To overcome this ordeal, she turned to old friends and support groups set up in the community for emotional comfort, information, companionship, advice, and financial assistance. This relationship is known as

Accepted Answer

The relationship Jayci has with her old friends and support groups set up in the community is an example of social support, which refers to the emotional, informational, or tangible assistance provided by others to help individuals cope with stressors or life events.

Question 13

Research has consistently shown that having a good ________ is of critical importance in a person's ability to cope with stressors.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that having a good social support system, which can include friends, family, and other supportive individuals or groups, is critical in a person's ability to cope with stressors. Social support provides emotional and practical assistance, helps individuals feel less isolated, and can improve one's self-esteem and sense of control over a situation. While having a therapist can also be beneficial for coping with stress, the question specifically asks for the importance of a social support system.

Question 14

Research in the United States and Iceland has found that high school students who are more inclined to use problem-focused coping techniques are less likely to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research in the United States and Iceland...

Question 15

Cognitive control is the ability to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cognitive control is the ability to
...

Question 16

The Type A behaviour pattern is a significant predictor of ________.

Accepted Answer

The Type A behaviour pattern is characterised by competitiveness, aggressiveness, high levels of stress and impatience. Studies have shown that this personality type is a significant predictor of coronary heart disease, due to the constant activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones, which can lead to cardiovascular damage over time. There is no significant evidence to suggest that Type A personality is a predictor of mental illness, cancer or respiratory illnesses.

Question 17

Stacie is interested in researching the effects of catharsis on health. What will she likely find in the literature?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that catharsis can be harmful when it reinforces a sense of helplessness. This is because it may encourage people to dwell on negative emotions rather than actively trying to find positive solutions to their problems. This can lead to increased stress and anxiety over time. While some studies have suggested that venting emotions through activities like yelling, punching pillows, and throwing balls may provide short-term relief, there is little evidence to support the idea that these activities have lasting benefits for long-term stress. Additionally, it is important to note that catharsis involving problem-solving and constructive means to make the stressful situation "right" can be beneficial. However, the extent to which catharsis is helpful or harmful may depend on a variety of factors, such as the individual's personality, coping strategies, and the nature of the stressor. Finally, the idea that catharsis universally promotes aggression, hostility, and anger is not supported by research.

Question 18

Research suggests that chronic stress can ________ the risk of developing an illness such as colds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research suggests that chronic stress can ________...

Question 19

Disclosing painful feelings is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Disclosing painful feelings is known as catharsis. It involves releasing pent-up emotions and experiences in a safe and supportive environment, such as therapy or talking to a trusted friend. The goal is to gain emotional relief and move towards healing and understanding.

Question 20

George recently learned that his son was going to need some supplemental instruction to help him be successful at school; however, the extra assistance would cost a lot of money and George had not prepared for the expense. With two months to go before the extra bills would start coming in, George started working four extra hours a week and saving the additional money to pay for the tutors. When the time came for the extra instruction to begin, George had saved more than enough to pay for the help for his son. George has used ________ coping to deal with the unexpected stress of new expenses.

Accepted Answer

George's behavior of working extra hours and saving money ahead of time to cover the cost of his son's supplemental instruction is an example of proactive coping, which involves taking preemptive action to prevent or mitigate the impact of a stressor. This is in contrast to reactive coping, which involves responding to a stressor only after it has occurred. Informational coping involves seeking out information to better understand and cope with a stressor, while decisional coping involves making a decision to take action in response to a stressor. While both informational and decisional coping can be helpful in dealing with unexpected stressors, neither accurately describes George's behavior in this situation.

Quiz 12: Stress, Coping and Health