Question 1

Larry comes home to find his house on fire. Which of the following statements best represents the James-Lange theory?
A)"I am shaking because I am afraid."
B)"My shaking must be due to fear because my house is on fire."
C)"I am afraid because I am shaking."
D)"My fear is an automatic reaction to a dangerous situation."

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. In this case, Larry feels afraid because he notices that he is shaking.

Question 2

You are sitting in the living room of your girlfriend's house when you notice that your hands are perspiring. What theory of emotions suggests that you will now decide that you are nervous about meeting her parents?
A)James-Lange
B)Cannon-Bard
C)Two-factor
D)Discrete emotions

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that physical bodily changes precede the experience of emotions. In this case, the sweaty hands could be interpreted as a physiological response to a stressful situation, leading to the interpretation of feeling nervous about meeting the girlfriend's parents.

Question 3

According to the discrete emotions theory, emotions
A)differ significantly across cultures.
B)are independent of physiological responses at all.
C)exist to serve evolutionary functions.
D)are found only in civilised cultures.

Accepted Answer

The discrete emotions theory posits that emotions evolved because they served a purpose in our ancestral environments (i.e., they have evolutionary functions). Therefore, option C is the best answer. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because emotions are universal and are accompanied by physiological responses, and are not limited to a particular culture or civilization.

Question 4

Opposed to the discrete emotion theory, ________ theories of emotion recognise the idea that emotions are determined by thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Opposed to the discrete emotion theory, ________...

Question 5

One definition of emotion identifies that it involves the synchronisation of ________, ________, and ________ elements

Accepted Answer

The answer of One definition of emotion identifies that it...

Question 6

Emotion is a(n)________ phenomenon, which is why it is difficult to arrive at one single definition of the construct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emotion is a(n)________ phenomenon, which is why...

Question 7

Which of the following theories states that emotions derive from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli?
A)James-Lange theory of emotion
B)Somatic marker theory
C)Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
D)Two-factor theory of emotion

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions arise from our interpretation of bodily reactions to stimuli. The theory suggests that physiological responses trigger emotional experiences and that without these bodily reactions, emotions may not be experienced.

Question 8

Many people believe the "common sense" view of emotions that states "we react physically and behaviourally to the emotions that we are feeling". The James-Lange view, however, takes the opposite approach. It suggests that emotions don't lead to behaviours, but that behaviours lead to emotions. These opposing views remind us to consider
A)the concept of Occam's Razor.
B)falsifiability.
C)that correlation does not imply causation.
D)replicability.

Accepted Answer

The opposing views of the "common sense" theory and the James-Lange theory highlight the importance of recognizing that correlation does not imply causation. In this case, just because we have a physical or behavioral reaction to an emotion, it does not necessarily mean that the emotion caused the reaction. It could be that the behavior led to the emotion. Therefore, it is important to objectively examine the relationship between emotions and behaviors to better understand causality.

Question 9

The ________ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes.
A)Cannon-Bard
B)James-Lange
C)Plutchik
D)Schachter and Singer

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion posits that emotional experiences and physiological responses occur simultaneously and independently.

Question 10

What is the correct sequence of events in emotional response according to the Cannon-Bard theory?
A)Stimulus → emotion → physiological changes
B)Stimulus → physiological changes → emotion
C)Physiological changes → stimulus → emotion
D)Stimulus → emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)

Accepted Answer

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the physiological changes and emotional response happen simultaneously, so the correct sequence of events is stimulus → emotion AND physiological changes.

Question 11

Jon is sitting in his psychology class across from Della when he realises that he has been smiling. What theory of emotion suggests that Jon will now decide that he has a crush on Della?
A)Cannon-Bard
B)James-Lange
C)Two-factor
D)Discrete emotions

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that physiological responses, like smiling, precede and lead to the identification of emotions, such as realizing a crush.

Question 12

Describe two major cognitive theories of emotion and demonstrate their theoretical differences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two major cognitive theories of emotion...

Question 13

A three-month-old baby named Bryan smiles even when he is alone. Scientific research has suggested that his smile should be attributed to ________.
A)effective training by his mum
B)his motivation to learn something new
C)reinforcements from his immediate surroundings
D)his innate motor programmes from birth

Accepted Answer

Infants are born with innate motor programmes, including the ability to smile. This is supported by research in developmental psychology and neuroscience. Effective training, motivation, and reinforcements may contribute to the development of smiling behavior over time, but are not the primary cause of an infant's first smile.

Question 14

According to the ________, seeing a crocodile in the swamp would lead simultaneously to both the emotion of fear and running away at the same time. However, the ________ would suggest that people are afraid because they run away.
A)Cannon-Bard theory of emotion; somatic marker theory of emotion
B)two-factor theory of emotion; Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
C)Cannon-Bard theory of emotion; James-Lange theory of emotion
D)two-factor theory of emotion; James-Lange theory of emotion

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion posits that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously. The James-Lange theory suggests that physiological responses lead to the experience of emotions.

Question 15

According to this theory, the fear you feel when you are startled by a bear in the woods occurs at about the same time that your heart starts pounding.
A)James-Lange theory
B)Cannon-Bard theory
C)Schachter-Singer theory
D)Lazarus theory

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that we experience physiological reactions and emotions simultaneously. According to this theory, seeing a bear would cause you to feel fear at the same time as your body's physical response, such as your heart pounding.

Question 16

According to the James-Lange theory, the conscious experience of emotion ________ physiological arousal.
A)follows
B)precedes
C)coincides with
D)causes

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory posits that physiological arousal occurs first, and the conscious experience of emotion follows as a result of interpreting this arousal.

Question 17

Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?
A)Stimulus → emotion → physiological changes
B)Stimulus → physiological changes → emotion
C)Physiological changes → stimulus → emotion
D)Stimulus → emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)

Accepted Answer

According to the James-Lange theory, physiological changes (such as increased heart rate or sweating) occur first in response to a stimulus, and then lead to the experience of an emotion. Therefore, the sequence of events is stimulus → physiological changes → emotion.

Question 18

"That race was too close to call!" cried the announcer. "It looked like the horses crossed the finish line at the exact same time!" What theory of emotions is being depicted?
A)James-Lange
B)Two-factor
C)Facial feedback hypothesis
D)Cannon-Bard

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion proposes that emotional responses occur simultaneously with physiological responses, such as increased heart rate or sweating. In this scenario, the announcer's emotional response of uncertainty and excitement is occurring at the same time as the visual cue of the close horse race. The James-Lange theory proposes that physiological responses lead to emotions, the Two-factor theory proposes that emotions arise from the interpretation of physiological arousal in conjunction with the situational context, and the facial feedback hypothesis proposes that facial expressions can influence emotions. None of these theories are as relevant to the given scenario as the Cannon-Bard theory.

Question 19

According to the James-Lange theory, people use ________ cues to differentiate and label their emotions; according to the two-factor theory, people look to ________ cues to differentiate and label their emotions.
A)physiological; situational
B)situational; physiological
C)situational; situational
D)physiological; physiological

Accepted Answer

According to the James-Lange theory, people use physiological cues (such as increased heart rate or sweating) to differentiate and label their emotions. In contrast, according to the two-factor theory, people look to situational cues (such as the context of the situation or the meaning attributed to it) to differentiate and label their emotions.

Question 20

One definition of emotion states that it refers to synchronisation of which of the following elements?
A)physical, psychological, somatic
B)thoughts, feelings, behaviour
C)physiological, subjective, behavioural
D)mood, motivation, intellect

Accepted Answer

The elements mentioned in option C - physiological, subjective, and behavioural - are the most commonly accepted components that make up an emotion. Physiological refers to the bodily changes that occur in response to the emotion, subjective refers to the individual's personal experience and perception of the emotion, and behavioural refers to the observable actions or expressions that accompany the emotion. Option A is incorrect because it only includes physical and somatic elements, leaving out the subjective component. Option B is incorrect because while thoughts and feelings are part of the subjective experience, behaviour is just one aspect of it. Option D is incorrect because mood and motivation are related to emotion but not necessarily components of it.

Quiz 11: Emotion and Motivation

Larry comes home to find his house on fire. Which of the following statements best represents the James-Lange theory?

You are sitting in the living room of your girlfriend's house when you notice that your hands are perspiring. What theory of emotions suggests that you will now decide that you are nervous about meeting her parents?

According to the discrete emotions theory, emotions

Opposed to the discrete emotion theory, ________ theories of emotion recognise the idea that emotions are determined by thinking.

One definition of emotion identifies that it involves the synchronisation of , , and elements

Emotion is a(n)________ phenomenon, which is why it is difficult to arrive at one single definition of the construct.

Which of the following theories states that emotions derive from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli?

The ________ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes.

What is the correct sequence of events in emotional response according to the Cannon-Bard theory?

Jon is sitting in his psychology class across from Della when he realises that he has been smiling. What theory of emotion suggests that Jon will now decide that he has a crush on Della?

Describe two major cognitive theories of emotion and demonstrate their theoretical differences.

A three-month-old baby named Bryan smiles even when he is alone. Scientific research has suggested that his smile should be attributed to ________.

According to the , seeing a crocodile in the swamp would lead simultaneously to both the emotion of fear and running away at the same time. However, the would suggest that people are afraid because they run away.

According to this theory, the fear you feel when you are startled by a bear in the woods occurs at about the same time that your heart starts pounding.

According to the James-Lange theory, the conscious experience of emotion ________ physiological arousal.

Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?

"That race was too close to call!" cried the announcer. "It looked like the horses crossed the finish line at the exact same time!" What theory of emotions is being depicted?

According to the James-Lange theory, people use cues to differentiate and label their emotions; according to the two-factor theory, people look to cues to differentiate and label their emotions.

One definition of emotion states that it refers to synchronisation of which of the following elements?