Question 1

How many embryos did Nadya Suleman's doctor put into her uterus?
A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11
E) 12

Accepted Answer

E

Question 2

Gastrulation produces
A) hollow balls of cells.
B) embryos with germ layers.
C) solid balls of cells.
D) maternal messages.
E) yolk.

Accepted Answer

Gastrulation is the process that forms the three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) in an embryo, which will later differentiate into various tissues and organs.

Answer: A
 Some organisms, such as cnidarians, undergo incomplete gastrulation and form hollow balls of cells, called blastulae. However, in most animals, gastrulation produces embryos with germ layers.

Answer: C, E 
 Some organisms, such as sea urchins, form solid balls of cells during gastrulation. Yolk is also not directly produced during gastrulation, although it may be present in the embryo. Maternal messages are not a direct product of gastrulation either.

Question 3

Which embryonic tissue is INCORRECTLY associated with its derivative?
A) skin from mesoderm
B) nervous system from ectoderm
C) liver from endoderm
D) circulatory system from mesoderm
E) muscles from mesoderm

Accepted Answer

Skin is derived from the ectoderm, not the mesoderm. Therefore, option A is the incorrect association.

Question 4

Shortly after fertilization,successive cell divisions convert the zygote into a multicellular embryo during a process known as
A) meiosis.
B) parthenogenesis.
C) gastrulation.
D) cleavage.
E) blastulation.

Accepted Answer

Cleavage is the process of rapid cell division that occurs after fertilization, leading to the formation of a multicellular embryo without any increase in overall size.

Question 5

In the process of differentiation,
A) some daughter cells usually receive varying assortments of genes.
B) cells with identical assortments of genes come to have different individual genes expressed.
C) cells become specialized as a result of meiosis.
D) daughter cells acquire different characteristics as a result of mutations that have occurred.
E) all of these occur.

Accepted Answer

Differentiation involves cells with identical genetic material expressing different genes, leading to specialization.

Question 6

Select the correct sequence of animal developmental events.
A) fertilization >>> cleavage >>> organ formation >>> growth of tissues
B) fertilization >>> cleavage >>> gastrula >>> organ formation
C) fertilization >>> gastrula >>> cleavage >>> organ formation
D) fertilization >>> organ formation >>> gastrula >>> cleavage
E) fertilization >>> organ formation >>> cleavage >>> gastrula

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence of animal developmental events is fertilization, cleavage, gastrula, and organ formation. The formation of the gastrula, which is the formation of the three primary germ layers, is an important developmental milestone that occurs between cleavage and organ formation. Choice A is incorrect because it has the incorrect order of organ formation and growth of tissues. Choice C is incorrect because it has the incorrect order of gastrula and cleavage. Choice D is incorrect because it has the incorrect order of gastrula and cleavage. Choice E is incorrect because it has the incorrect order of cleavage and gastrula.

Question 7

Although the genetic contributions of egg and sperm nuclei are equal,the egg contributes more than the sperm to cell differentiation because of its
A) larger size.
B) cytoplasmic determinants.
C) proteins.
D) cytoplasmic determinants and proteins only.
E) cytoplasmic materials, enzymes, mRNA transcripts, and larger size.

Accepted Answer

The egg contributes more to cell differentiation due to its cytoplasmic materials, enzymes, mRNA transcripts, and larger size, which provide essential components for early development.

Question 8

In the United States,how many embryos,created by IVF,remain frozen?
A) 10,000
B) 50,000
C) 100,000
D) 500,000
E) 1,000,000

Accepted Answer

As of recent estimates, there are approximately 500,000 embryos created by IVF that remain frozen in the United States.

Question 9

During which of the following stages do cell lineages of identical genetic makeup become structurally and functionally different from one another according to the genetically controlled developmental program of the species?
A) cleavage
B) differentiation
C) blastula formation
D) metamorphosis
E) ovulation

Accepted Answer

Cell differentiation is the stage in which cell lineages of identical genetic makeup become structurally and functionally different from one another according to the genetically controlled developmental program of the species. Cleavage is the stage in which the zygote undergoes rapid cell division without growth, blastula formation is the stage in which the embryo forms a hollow ball of cells, metamorphosis is the process of transformation from larva to adult in some animals, and ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary in females.

Question 10

If an experimenter interferes with the mesoderm in an egg,which of the following systems would NOT be affected by the experimenter?
A) circulatory system
B) muscular system
C) reproductive system
D) integumentary system
E) excretory system

Accepted Answer

The integumentary system, which includes the skin, is primarily derived from the ectoderm, not the mesoderm. The other systems listed are derived from the mesoderm.

Question 11

A sexually producing animal that can produce both eggs and sperm and can switch from one sex to another are called ___ hermaphrodites.
A) simultaneous
B) sequential
C) parthogenic
D) gastrulated
E) preferential

Accepted Answer

Sequential hermaphrodites are animals that can switch from one sex to another during their lifetime, producing both eggs and sperm at different times.

Question 12

Which of the following is a component of sperm?
A) DNA
B) enzymes
C) mRNA
D) yolk
E) all of these are components of sperm

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a component...

Question 13

The yolk,which is in many animal eggs,is composed of
A) a mixture of individual amino acids and nucleic acids.
B) a mixture of proteins and lipids.
C) a mixture of proteins and carbohydrates.
D) a mixture of nucleic acids and proteins.
E) a mixture of lipids and nucleic acids.

Accepted Answer

The yolk of animal eggs is composed of a mixture of proteins and lipids.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true about asexual reproduction?
A) offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically the same as their parent
B) no mammals are known to reproduce asexually
C) many invertebrates reproduce asexually
D) asexual reproduction is advantageous in changing environments
E) all of these are true about asexual reproduction

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction is generally advantageous in stable environments, not changing ones, because it produces genetically identical offspring, which may not adapt well to new conditions.

Question 15

Parthenogenesis refers to
A) new genetically based traits that arise spontaneously.
B) traits that arise through epigenesis.
C) live birth by normally egg-laying species.
D) the formation of a new individual from an unfertilized egg.
E) the origin of a new individual from a male.

Accepted Answer

Parthenogenesis is the formation of a new individual from an unfertilized egg.

Question 16

External fertilization is common in most
A) insects.
B) amniotes.
C) lizards.
D) bony fish.
E) bony fish and insects.

Accepted Answer

Bony fish are known for their external fertilization, in which males and females simultaneously release their gametes (sperm and eggs) into the surrounding water.

Question 17

The first child conceived using IVF was born in
A) 1958.
B) 1968.
C) 1978.
D) 1988.
E) 1998.

Accepted Answer

IVF (in vitro fertilization) is a medical technology that involves retrieving eggs and sperm from the intended parents or donors and combining them outside of the body in a laboratory dish to create an embryo, which can then be implanted into the uterus of the woman who will carry the pregnancy. The first successful IVF birth took place on July 25, 1978, in England. Louise Brown, who was born at Oldham General Hospital in Manchester, UK, was the first child conceived using IVF. Therefore, the answer is C) 1978.

Question 18

The germ layers are formed in which of the following stages?
A) cleavage
B) meiosis
C) gastrulation
D) zygote formation
E) blastula formation

Accepted Answer

The germ layers are formed during the process of gastrulation, in which an embryo develops three distinct layers: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. This process follows the formation of a blastula during which rapid division occurs (cleavage), and before meiosis (which is the process of genetic recombination that occurs in the creation of gametes) and zygote formation (which is the fusion of two gametes).

Question 19

Which of the following is referred to as a ball of cells?
A) cleavage
B) egg
C) gastrula
D) zygote
E) blastula

Accepted Answer

A blastula is referred to as a ball of cells. It is formed during early embryonic development and is the stage where the embryo is a hollow ball of cells.

Question 20

How many children have been born worldwide from IVF?
A) 3 thousand
B) 3 hundred thousand
C) 3 million
D) 30 million
E) 300 million

Accepted Answer

IVF has resulted in the birth of over 3 million children worldwide.

Quiz 26: Reproduction and Development

How many embryos did Nadya Suleman's doctor put into her uterus?

Gastrulation produces

Which embryonic tissue is INCORRECTLY associated with its derivative?

Shortly after fertilization,successive cell divisions convert the zygote into a multicellular embryo during a process known as

In the process of differentiation,

Select the correct sequence of animal developmental events.

Although the genetic contributions of egg and sperm nuclei are equal,the egg contributes more than the sperm to cell differentiation because of its

In the United States,how many embryos,created by IVF,remain frozen?

During which of the following stages do cell lineages of identical genetic makeup become structurally and functionally different from one another according to the genetically controlled developmental program of the species?

If an experimenter interferes with the mesoderm in an egg,which of the following systems would NOT be affected by the experimenter?

A sexually producing animal that can produce both eggs and sperm and can switch from one sex to another are called ___ hermaphrodites.

Which of the following is a component of sperm?

The yolk,which is in many animal eggs,is composed of

Which of the following is NOT true about asexual reproduction?

Parthenogenesis refers to

External fertilization is common in most

The first child conceived using IVF was born in

The germ layers are formed in which of the following stages?

Which of the following is referred to as a ball of cells?

How many children have been born worldwide from IVF?