Question 1

Neurons that send processed information to muscles and glands are called

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons are responsible for transmitting information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands in the body, resulting in a physical response or action.

Question 2

__________ neurons transmit information to the major integrating centers where information is processed.

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, where the information is processed.

Question 3

The innermost membrane surrounding the spinal cord,and containing blood vessels that nourish the cord,is the

Accepted Answer

The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is delicate and contains the blood vessels that nourish the central nervous system.

Question 4

Motor neurons comprising the __________ nervous system relay commands to skeletal muscles.

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons that relay commands to skeletal muscles are part of the somatic (voluntary) nervous system. The other choices refer to different parts of the nervous system that do not specifically control skeletal muscles.

Question 5

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called

Accepted Answer

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called ganglia. Nuclei refer to groups of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system, neuroglia are supportive cells in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, nucleoli are structures within cell nuclei involved in ribosome synthesis, and neurolemmocytes are cells that form myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 6

The principle that states that an axon will "fire" at full power or not at all is the

Accepted Answer

The principle described is known as the "all-or-none" law, which is not listed among the provided options. This principle states that once a neuron's threshold is reached, it fires at full strength; if the threshold is not reached, it does not fire at all. None of the options accurately describe this principle.

Question 7

In many neurons,the cell which produces a lipid sheath around the axon or dendrite is called the

Accepted Answer

The neurolemmocyte, also known as the Schwann cell, is responsible for producing the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of many peripheral neurons. This myelin sheath helps to increase the speed of neural impulses traveling along the axon.

Question 8

The junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron is called the

Accepted Answer

The junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron is called a synapse. It is at the synapse that the transmission of signals from one neuron to another occurs through the release of neurotransmitters.

Question 9

The long cylindrical process that conducts impulses away from the neuron cell body is the

Accepted Answer

The long cylindrical process that conducts impulses away from the neuron cell body is called the axon. It is responsible for transmitting signals from the cell body to the dendrites of other neurons, muscle cells, or glands. Choices A, B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the axon.

Question 10

The white matter of the spinal cord gets its name because it is made up of fibers covered with a material which has a whitish color,referred to as

Accepted Answer

The material covering the fibers in the white matter of the spinal cord is myelin, which has a whitish color. Myosin and actin are proteins involved in muscle movement, troponin is a protein involved in muscle contraction regulation, and keratin is a structural protein found in hair and nails, none of which are related to the color or structure of the spinal cord's white matter.

Question 11

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system are called

Accepted Answer

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system are called nuclei.

Question 12

A stimulus that is strong enough to initiate an impulse is called a(n)__________ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A threshold stimulus is the minimum strength required to initiate an impulse in a neuron or muscle fiber.

Question 13

The functional unit of the nervous system is the

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the cells that make up the nervous system and are responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. They are specialized cells with unique structures that allow them to communicate with other neurons and with different parts of the body. While the brain, nerve, spinal cord, and neuroglia are all important components of the nervous system, the neuron is the functional unit that carries out the primary task of transmitting information.

Question 14

A neuron that is not conducting a nerve impulse is a __________ neuron.

Accepted Answer

When a neuron is not conducting a nerve impulse, it is in a resting state with a negative electrical charge inside the cell and positive outside. This is known as the resting membrane potential. Therefore, the correct choice is C) resting neuron.

Question 15

The brain area that contains reflex centers for breathing and cardiovascular functions is the

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and contains reflex centers responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate. The cerebrum, cerebellum, and diencephalon are not directly involved in these functions. The pons is also located in the brainstem but its main functions include relaying sensory information and coordinating movement.

Question 16

__________ neurons either act as receptors of stimuli or are activated by receptors.

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting information from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain to be interpreted and processed. They either act as receptors of stimuli or are activated by receptors.

Question 17

The type of ion present in higher concentrations inside the plasma membrane of a "resting" neuron is

Accepted Answer

The higher concentration of ion present inside the plasma membrane of a "resting" neuron is potassium. This creates a concentration gradient that allows potassium ions to move out of the cell through potassium channels, creating a negative resting membrane potential. Sodium ions are typically in higher concentrations outside the cell.

Question 18

Bundles of neuronal fibers in the peripheral nervous system are called

Accepted Answer

Bundles of neuronal fibers in the peripheral nervous system are called nerves. Ganglia are collections of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. Tracts are bundles of neuronal fibers in the central nervous system. Nuclei are clusters of cell bodies in the central nervous system. Neurolemmocytes are a type of glial cell that forms myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 19

Bundles of neuronal fibers in the central nervous system are called

Accepted Answer

Bundles of neuronal fibers in the CNS are called tracts, whereas in the peripheral nervous system, they are called nerves. Nuclei refers to groups of neurons in the CNS, while ganglia are groups of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Plexi are complex networks of nerves or vessels.

Question 20

The protective membranes around the spinal cord are called the

Accepted Answer

The protective membranes around the spinal cord are collectively referred to as the meninges. The three layers of the meninges are the dura mater (outermost layer), arachnoid mater (middle layer), and pia mater (innermost layer).

Quiz 24: Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems