Question 1

Male sex hormones are collectively called the
A)prostaglandins.
B)androgens.
C)spermatogens.
D)testiculars.
E)estrogens.

Accepted Answer

Male sex hormones are a group of hormones called androgens, which includes testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and androstenedione.

Question 2

The female gonads are called
A)ovaries.
B)oviducts.
C)primordial follicles.
D)uteri.
E)corpora lutea.

Accepted Answer

The female gonads are the ovaries.

Question 3

The female hormone __________ stimulates uterine contractions during labor.
A)FSH
B)oxytocin
C)estrogen
D)prolactin
E)progesterone

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is the female hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor.

Question 4

In this form of hermaphroditism individuals start life as females and then become males later in life.
A)protandrous
B)polygynous
C)polyandrous
D)polygamous
E)protogynous

Accepted Answer

Protogynous hermaphroditism is when individuals start life as females and later change into males. This is common in some fish species and other organisms.

Question 5

Within which group of animals has parthenogenesis NOT been shown?
A)fish
B)reptiles
C)mammals
D)insects
E)flatworms

Accepted Answer

Parthenogenesis has not been shown in mammals, although it has been observed in fish, reptiles, insects, and flatworms.

Question 6

Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH)is produced in the
A)ovarian follicle.
B)corpus luteum.
C)hypothalamus.
D)pituitary.
E)uterine wall.

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced in the hypothalamus.

Question 7

The controlling center for ovulation and menstruation is the
A)pineal.
B)endometrium.
C)corpus albicans.
D)hypothalamus.
E)corpus luteum.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is responsible for controlling ovulation and menstruation through the release of hormones that stimulate or inhibit the pituitary gland's secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones then regulate the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries, which ultimately control the menstrual cycle and ovulation.

Question 8

The part of the uterine tube that encircles the ovary is fringed with feathery
A)oviduct.
B)vesicular follicle.
C)endometrium.
D)fimbriae.
E)myometrium.

Accepted Answer

The fringed part of the uterine tube that encircles the ovary is known as the fimbriae.

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT occur in parthenogenesis?
A)spontaneous activation of a mature egg
B)normal egg divisions
C)haploid and/or diploid eggs
D)offspring with many characteristics of the male parent
E)none of the choices occur in parthenogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Parthenogenesis involves the development of an egg without fertilization by a sperm. Therefore, there is no contribution from a male parent and offspring with characteristics of the male parent are not possible.

Question 10

All birds are
A)oviparous.
B)viviparous.
C)ovoviviparous.
D)protandrous.
E)protogynous.

Accepted Answer

All birds are oviparous, which means they lay eggs and their offspring develop outside of the mother's body. Viviparous species give birth to live young, while ovoviviparous species hatch eggs inside the mother's body before giving birth. Protandrous and protogynous refer to sex-changing fish and invertebrates, and are not applicable to birds.

Question 11

A hormone called inhibin is produced by the sustenacular cells of the
A)corpus spongiosum.
B)corpora cavernosa.
C)epididymis.
D)seminal vesicles.
E)seminiferous tubules.

Accepted Answer

Inhibin is produced by the sustenacular cells, also known as Sertoli cells, located in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Question 12

Organisms that reproduce parthenogenetically experience relatively
A)less reproductive success.
B)greater problems in finding a mate.
C)less genetic variation in the population.
D)less success in stable environments.
E)less effect of deleterious mutations.

Accepted Answer

Organisms that reproduce parthenogenetically do not undergo sexual reproduction and therefore, do not undergo recombination. This means that there is no new genetic variation added to the population, leading to less genetic variation overall.

Question 13

The function of the corpus luteum is to
A)release the egg.
B)produce hormones that trigger ovulation.
C)contribute to the placenta.
D)produce oxytocin and prolactin during childbirth.
E)produce hormones that help maintain the early pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The corpus luteum produces hormones, specifically progesterone and estrogen, which help maintain the early stages of pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining and preventing further ovulation. This function is critical for supporting embryonic development until the placenta is fully functional and can take over hormone production.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an asexual reproduction method?
A)fission
B)spawning
C)budding
D)parthenogenesis
E)fragmentation

Accepted Answer

Spawning is a sexual reproduction method. It involves the release of gametes (sperm and eggs) into the water, where fertilization occurs externally. The remaining options, fission, budding, parthenogenesis, and fragmentation, are all asexual reproduction methods.

Question 15

Females that are _________________ form eggs that hatch in the body of the female,and the young are born alive.
A)oviparous
B)viviparous
C)ovoviviparous
D)protandrous
E)protogynous

Accepted Answer

Ovoviviparous animals form eggs that hatch inside the female's body, leading to the birth of live young. This reproductive strategy is distinct from oviparous (egg-laying) and viviparous (giving birth to live young without the development of an egg outside the body) strategies. Protandrous and protogynous refer to sequential hermaphroditism in animals, not to reproductive strategies involving egg hatching inside the body.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the epididymis?
A)sperm maturation
B)sperm storage until ejaculation
C)a passageway for sperm to the ductus deferens
D)semen production
E)maintenance of sperm at an appropriate temperature

Accepted Answer

The epididymis is not involved in semen production, as semen is produced by the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland. The other options are all functions of the epididymis.

Question 17

__________ of female mammals are modified sweat glands that secrete milk.
A)Mammary glands
B)Lactiferous glands
C)Ovulatory glands
D)Sudoriferous glands
E)Fallopian tubules

Accepted Answer

Mammary glands are the modified sweat glands that secrete milk in female mammals. The other options are not related to milk secretion but are related to other functions in female mammals such as ovulation or reproduction.

Question 18

Accessory glands of males furnish a fluid for carrying sperm; this fluid and sperm together are referred to as
A)semen.
B)urine.
C)inhibin.
D)androgen.
E)testosterone.

Accepted Answer

Semen is the fluid that is produced by the accessory glands of the male reproductive system, which includes the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland. Semen contains sperm and other substances that provide nutrients and support for the sperm during their journey to fertilize an egg.

Question 19

The release of an ovum from the ovary is called
A)ejaculation.
B)fertilization.
C)meiosis.
D)fallopian activation.
E)ovulation.

Accepted Answer

The release of an ovum from the ovary is called ovulation. Option A, ejaculation, is the release of semen from the penis. Option B, fertilization, is the fusion of a sperm with an ovum, which occurs after ovulation. Option C, meiosis, is the cell division process that produces gametes (sperm or ovum). Option D, fallopian activation, is not a biological term used to describe any reproductive event.

Question 20

The acrosome of a mature human sperm contains the enzyme
A)acrosin.
B)spermatase.
C)inhibin.
D)estrogen.
E)gonadotropin.

Accepted Answer

The acrosome is a membrane-bound organelle that covers the anterior two-thirds of a sperm nucleus. It contains enzymes, such as acrosin, that are necessary for fertilization to occur. Acrosin is a proteolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes proteins in the zona pellucida, a glycoprotein layer that surrounds the egg. This allows the sperm to penetrate the egg and initiate fertilization.

Quiz 29: Reproduction and Development

Male sex hormones are collectively called the

The female gonads are called

The female hormone __________ stimulates uterine contractions during labor.

In this form of hermaphroditism individuals start life as females and then become males later in life.

Within which group of animals has parthenogenesis NOT been shown?

Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) is produced in the

The controlling center for ovulation and menstruation is the

The part of the uterine tube that encircles the ovary is fringed with feathery

Which of the following does NOT occur in parthenogenesis?

All birds are

A hormone called inhibin is produced by the sustenacular cells of the

Organisms that reproduce parthenogenetically experience relatively

The function of the corpus luteum is to

Which of the following is NOT an asexual reproduction method?

Females that are _________________ form eggs that hatch in the body of the female,and the young are born alive.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the epididymis?

__________ of female mammals are modified sweat glands that secrete milk.

Accessory glands of males furnish a fluid for carrying sperm; this fluid and sperm together are referred to as

The release of an ovum from the ovary is called

The acrosome of a mature human sperm contains the enzyme