Question 1

Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that Sigmund Freud:
A)proposed a theory that has stood the test of time and needs no revisions.
B)overemphasized sexual instincts
C)overemphasized cultural experiences as determinants of an individual's development.
D)underestimated the role of the unconscious mind in determining development.

Accepted Answer

Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that Freud overemphasized sexual instincts and that his theories require revision. Although Freud's contributions were ground-breaking, his theories need to be updated to reflect modern understandings of human development and behavior.

Question 2

The concept of discontinuity is characterized by:
A)qualitative change.
B)quantitative change.
C)collective change.
D)measured change.

Accepted Answer

Discontinuity refers to a qualitative change, meaning a change in kind rather than degree. It is a sudden shift or disruption in something, rather than a gradual or measured change.

Question 3

Dr.Perkins predicts that children who spend years playing a musical instrument are smarter than children who do not play music.This testable prediction is known as a(n):
A)hypothesis.
B)classification.
C)variable.
D)axiom.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Perkins' statement is a prediction that can be tested through an experiment or observation, making it a hypothesis. The other options do not accurately describe this type of statement.

Question 4

Ramada,69,an avid golfer and fitness enthusiast,recently got a comprehensive health exam done,and her physician remarked that her vital organs were in such good shape that her _____ age was about 10 years less than her chronological age.
A)social
B)mental
C)biological
D)psychological

Accepted Answer

The physician's remark about Ramada's vital organs suggests that her biological age is younger than her chronological age, indicating good health and physical fitness. The other options (social, mental, psychological) are not related to the physical health assessment described in the scenario.

Question 5

Gina's therapist attributes her delinquent behavior to heredity and to the gross neglect she suffered as a baby at the hands of her alcoholic mother.Gina's therapist appears to be emphasizing the _____ aspect of her development.
A)personality
B)life-long learning
C)discontinuity
D)stability

Accepted Answer

The therapist's emphasis on both heredity and early experiences suggests a focus on stability in Gina's development, as both factors are believed to have enduring effects on individuals throughout their lifespan. Personality, life-long learning, and discontinuity are not necessarily the main aspects being emphasized in this situation.

Question 6

Dr.Drew is a scientist interested in the effects of music on cognitive development.Which of the following describes the sequence he should go through?
A)Collect data,conceptualize a process or problem to be studied,analyze data,and draw conclusions.
B)Conceptualize a process or problem to be studied,collect data,analyze data,and draw conclusions.
C)Collect data,analyze data,conceptualize a process or problem to be studied,and draw conclusions.
D)Conceptualize a process or problem to be studied,draw conclusions,collect data,and analyze data.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Drew should first conceptualize the problem of the effects of music on cognitive development, then collect data, analyze the data, and finally draw conclusions based on the analysis of the data. This approach ensures that there is a clear understanding of the problem being studied, and that the data is analyzed objectively before drawing any conclusions.

Question 7

Dr.Berenstein holds the view that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that a true understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind.Dr.Berenstein can be described as a(n):
A)psychoanalytic theorist.
B)evolutionary theorist.
C)cognitive theorist.
D)behavioral theorist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Berenstein's focus on analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind aligns with the beliefs of psychoanalytic theorists.

Question 8

In the nature-nurture issue,nature refers to an organism's _____,nurture to its _____.
A)personality traits; abilities
B)attributes; ecological heritage
C)biological inheritance; environmental experiences
D)acquired traits; heredity

Accepted Answer

The nature-nurture issue revolves around the question of how much of an organism's behavior and characteristics are determined by their biology (nature) versus their experiences and environment (nurture). Choice C accurately represents this division - nature refers to biological inheritance (such as genetics) while nurture refers to environmental experiences (such as upbringing). Personality traits and abilities (choice A) are both influenced by both nature and nurture, and do not represent a clear division between the two. Attributes and ecological heritage (choice B) are not accurate representations of the nature vs. nurture divide, as they are not mutually exclusive categories. Acquired traits and heredity (choice D) are similar to choice C, but do not accurately represent the specific terms used in the nature-nurture debate.

Question 9

One of the differences between Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson is that:
A)Freud underestimated the role of the unconscious mind in determining the life-span development of an individual.
B)Erikson believed that development lasted only until the age of 20.
C)Erikson emphasized the importance of both early and later experiences.
D)Erikson overemphasized the role of sexuality in the life-span development of an individual.

Accepted Answer

Erikson emphasized the importance of both early and later experiences, while Freud focused more heavily on early experiences and the role of sexuality. This is a key difference between the two theorists.

Question 10

According to Freud,our adult personality is determined by:
A)the way we resolve conflicts between home life and professional life.
B)the resolution of adult realities versus childhood fantasies.
C)the way we maintain a balance between family and friends.
D)the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each stage and the demands of reality.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, our adult personality is determined by how we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each stage (such as oral, anal, phallic, etc.) and the demands of reality. The successful resolution of these conflicts results in the development of a healthy adult personality.

Question 11

The theory that was created by Erik Erikson is known as the _____ theory of development.
A)psychobiological
B)psychogenic
C)psychosocial
D)psychoanatomical

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of development is known as the psychosocial theory, which emphasizes the importance of social and cultural influences on our development, rather than just biological factors. The theory consists of eight stages of psychosocial development that individuals go through throughout their lifetimes, each with its own unique crisis or challenge that must be successfully navigated to move on to the next stage.

Question 12

The _____ issue involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or alter.
A)growth-decline
B)stability-change
C)traits-characteristics
D)permanence-evanescence

Accepted Answer

The term "stability-change" most accurately captures the contrast between trait continuity over time versus trait modification or alteration. Option A is a partial match, but "growth-decline" does not fully encompass the notion of trait stability versus change. Option C is redundant and does not capture the temporal dimension of the concept. Option D uses less common terminology and therefore is less appropriate.

Question 13

_____ theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.
A)Behavioral
B)Social-cognitive
C)Evolutionary
D)Psychoanalytic

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and emotional experiences in shaping development. It suggests that early experiences and conflicts influence behavior and personality throughout the lifespan, and that individuals have little conscious control over these processes.

Question 14

The first stage in Erickson's theory is:
A)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
B)initiative versus guilt.
C)generativity versus stagnation.
D)trust versus mistrust.

Accepted Answer

The first stage in Erickson's theory is trust versus mistrust, which occurs from birth to roughly 18 months of age. During this stage, infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers and the world around them based on how their needs are met.

Question 15

The 35-year-old grandmother,the 65-year-old father of a preschooler,the 15-year old surgeon,and the 70-year-old student,all serve to illustrate that:
A)old assumptions about the proper timing of life events no longer govern our lives.
B)developmental age is becoming increasingly irrelevant.
C)chronological age is becoming a more accurate predictor of life events in our society.
D)biological age is becoming increasingly relevant.

Accepted Answer

The four individuals mentioned in the statement challenge traditional assumptions about the "proper timing" of life events, suggesting that societal norms around age and development are changing. This supports option A, which suggests that old assumptions no longer govern our lives. Option B, which implies that developmental age is no longer relevant, is not fully supported by the statement, as it is possible that developmental age is still important but that traditional timelines are being disrupted. Option C is not supported by the statement at all, as it suggests that chronological age is the most important factor in predicting life events, which is not necessarily the case for any of the individuals mentioned. Option D, which suggests that biological age is increasingly relevant, is also not fully supported by the statement, as it is unclear whether or not biological age is a significant factor in the experiences of these individuals.

Question 16

As defined by Erik Erikson,a crisis:
A)will leave permanent psychological scars.
B)will leave psychological scars that will eventually fade over time.
C)will have a catastrophic impact on a person's development,and will leave a psychological scar that will fade over time.
D)is not a catastrophe but a turning point of increased vulnerability and enhanced potential.

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson, a crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point of increased vulnerability and enhanced potential. This means that while a crisis may involve some level of struggle or difficulty, it is not necessarily catastrophic and can actually lead to personal growth and development. Therefore, option D is the most appropriate answer.

Question 17

_____ age is an individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age.
A)Social
B)Psychological
C)Physical
D)Biological

Accepted Answer

The concept of adaptive capacities is related to the psychological age of an individual, as it refers to their ability to function and cope in everyday life compared to others in their same age group. It is not related to social, physical, or biological age.

Question 18

In the continuity-discontinuity issue in development,continuity refers to _____,while discontinuity implies _____.
A)abrupt change; stability
B)gradual change; distinct stages
C)qualitative change; quantitative change
D)discrete stages; gradations

Accepted Answer

Continuity refers to gradual change, with development building on earlier experiences and abilities. Discontinuity implies distinct stages or abrupt shifts in behavior or abilities. Therefore, choice B is the best option as it directly refers to gradual change and distinct stages.

Question 19

In predicting an adult woman's behavior,it may be more important to know that she is the mother of a 3-year-old child than to know whether she is 20 or 30 years old.This reflects the concept of:
A)chronological age.
B)social age.
C)psychological age.
D)biological age.

Accepted Answer

Social age refers to an individual's social roles and expectations, such as being a mother. In this scenario, knowing that the woman is a mother provides more insight into her behaviors than just knowing her chronological age. Psychological age refers to an individual's internal development and maturity, while biological age refers to physical aspects of aging. Neither of these concepts is directly relevant to the scenario provided.

Question 20

Identify the correct sequence of the five stages of psychosexual development described in Freud's theory of development.
A)Genital,oral,anal,phallic,and latency
B)Oral,anal,phallic,latency,and genital
C)Anal,genital,oral,phallic,and latency
D)Oral,phallic,anal,latency,and genital

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of development, the correct sequence of the five stages of psychosexual development is oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Quiz 1: Introduction

Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that Sigmund Freud:

The concept of discontinuity is characterized by:

Dr.Perkins predicts that children who spend years playing a musical instrument are smarter than children who do not play music.This testable prediction is known as a(n) :

Ramada,69,an avid golfer and fitness enthusiast,recently got a comprehensive health exam done,and her physician remarked that her vital organs were in such good shape that her _____ age was about 10 years less than her chronological age.

Gina's therapist attributes her delinquent behavior to heredity and to the gross neglect she suffered as a baby at the hands of her alcoholic mother.Gina's therapist appears to be emphasizing the _____ aspect of her development.

Dr.Drew is a scientist interested in the effects of music on cognitive development.Which of the following describes the sequence he should go through?

Dr.Berenstein holds the view that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that a true understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind.Dr.Berenstein can be described as a(n) :

In the nature-nurture issue,nature refers to an organism's _,nurture to its _.

One of the differences between Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson is that:

According to Freud,our adult personality is determined by:

The theory that was created by Erik Erikson is known as the _____ theory of development.

The _____ issue involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or alter.

_____ theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.

The first stage in Erickson's theory is:

The 35-year-old grandmother,the 65-year-old father of a preschooler,the 15-year old surgeon,and the 70-year-old student,all serve to illustrate that:

As defined by Erik Erikson,a crisis:

_____ age is an individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age.

In the continuity-discontinuity issue in development,continuity refers to _,while discontinuity implies _.

In predicting an adult woman's behavior,it may be more important to know that she is the mother of a 3-year-old child than to know whether she is 20 or 30 years old.This reflects the concept of:

Identify the correct sequence of the five stages of psychosexual development described in Freud's theory of development.