Question 1

The _____ focuses on an infant's ability to process information in such ways as encoding the attributes of objects,detecting similarities and differences between objects,forming mental representations,and retrieving these representations.
A)developmental quotient
B)Bayley Scales of Infant Development
C)Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence
D)Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

Accepted Answer

The Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence focuses specifically on an infant's ability to process information, including encoding object attributes, detecting similarities and differences, and forming and retrieving mental representations. The other options listed are assessments of infant development in general, but do not place as much emphasis on information processing abilities.

Question 2

_____ are cognitive groupings of similar objects,events,people,or ideas.
A)Symbols
B)Concepts
C)Habits
D)Semantics

Accepted Answer

Concepts are cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people or ideas. Symbols represent a concept, but they are not the concept themselves. Habits refer to repetitive behaviors, while semantics is the study of language meaning.

Question 3

Charisma is six months old and can vocalize pleasure and displeasure,search for objects out of reach,and approach a mirror that is placed in front of her.According to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development,Charisma:
A)is developing normally.
B)is developmentally delayed.
C)has an IQ of 110.
D)has an IQ of 85.

Accepted Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development assesses development in infants and young children. Charisma's ability to vocalize pleasure and displeasure, search for objects out of reach, and approach a mirror all indicate typical development for a six-month-old infant. Therefore, Charisma is developing normally. The answer choice B, C, and D are incorrect as the passage does not provide any information on Charisma's IQ, and it is not appropriate to assess IQ in infants.

Question 4

Most researchers find that babies do not show _____ until the second half of the first year.
A)dishabituation
B)explicit memory
C)habituation
D)implicit memory

Accepted Answer

Babies typically do not show explicit memory, which involves conscious recall of information, until the second half of the first year. Implicit memory, which involves unconscious recall and is demonstrated through performance rather than conscious recollection, can be observed earlier. Habituation and dishabituation are processes related to how infants respond to repeated stimuli, not directly related to the development timeline of explicit memory.

Question 5

According to the Bayley mental scale,by _____ of age,the infant should be able to inhibit behavior when commanded to do so,imitate words the examiner says,and respond to simple requests.
A)10 weeks
B)6 months
C)12 weeks
D)12 months

Accepted Answer

By 12 months of age, infants should be able to inhibit behavior when commanded to do so, imitate words the examiner says, and respond to simple requests, according to the Bayley mental scale.

Question 6

Mandy sees a little girl in the grocery store throwing a tantrum for a toy.Mandy screams and cries for some candy the following week at the mall.Mandy is displaying:
A)dishabituation.
B)habituation.
C)object permanence.
D)deferred imitation.

Accepted Answer

Deferred imitation is when an individual observes a behavior and then replicates it after some time has passed. Mandy is imitating the little girl's tantrum behavior she observed earlier.

Question 7

Ariel is nine months old,she understands that a bird is an animal,but an airplane is a vehicle,even though they both contain wings.According to Jean Mandler,Ariel has developed:
A)conceptual categorization.
B)perceptual categorization.
C)attentional categorization.
D)vehicular categorization.

Accepted Answer

Ariel's ability to categorize the bird as an animal and the airplane as a vehicle despite their shared characteristic of having wings is an example of conceptual categorization. It involves the ability to group objects, events or people according to their properties or attributes, rather than their perceptual features.

Question 8

Jean Mandler argues that early categorizations are best described as _____ categorization.
A)conceptual
B)textual
C)factual
D)perceptual

Accepted Answer

Jean Mandler argues that early categorizations are based on perceptual features such as color, shape, size, and texture rather than conceptual or factual information.

Question 9

Identify the widely used assessment method of infant development that has five scales-cognitive,language,motor,socioemotional,and adaptive.
A)Apgar Scale
B)Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
C)Gesell test
D)Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Accepted Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development is the widely used assessment method for infant development that has five scales: cognitive, language, motor, socioemotional, and adaptive. The other options, Apgar Scale, Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, and Gesell test, are used for different purposes, such as assessing newborn health, behavior, and developmental milestones.

Question 10

In the current version of the Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development,the subscores obtained from the four and five different categories of Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development respectively are combined into an overall score that determines the infants':
A)intelligence quotient (IQ).
B)intelligence inventory score (IIS).
C)developmental quotient (DQ).
D)early intelligence assessment (EIA).

Accepted Answer

The Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development are used to assess an infant's developmental level, not their intelligence quotient (IQ) or intelligence inventory score (IIS). The subscores obtained from the different categories of these tests are combined into an overall score that determines the infant's developmental quotient (DQ). Therefore, the best choice is C. "Early intelligence assessment (EIA)" is not a commonly used term or assessment tool in this context.

Question 11

June knows the names of all the states that comprise the United States.The names of the states are a part of June's _____ memory.
A)innate
B)explicit
C)distinctive
D)implicit

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory refers to conscious, intentional recollection of previous experiences, facts or information. June consciously knows and can intentionally recall the names of all the states, indicating that this information is stored in her explicit memory.

Question 12

Juno is riding a bike.Riding a bike requires Juno to use her memories of skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically; this type of memory is referred to as _____ memory.
A)explicit
B)implicit
C)semantic
D)episodic

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is responsible for remembering skills, procedures, and habits that are performed automatically without conscious effort, such as riding a bike. Explicit memory, on the other hand, is responsible for consciously recalling facts and events. Semantic memory involves general knowledge and facts, while episodic memory involves personal experiences and events.

Question 13

Most of young infants' conscious memories appear to be _____,although their implicit memory of perceptual-motor actions can be _____.
A)substantial; rather fragile
B)well-developed; underdeveloped
C)rather fragile and short-lived; substantial
D)long-lasting; short-lived

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that while young infants do have the ability to form memories, their conscious memories are rather fragile and short-lived. However, they do have well-developed implicit memory of perceptual-motor actions, which can be substantial.

Question 14

Using habituation experiments,some researchers have found that infants as young as _____ can group together objects with similar appearances.
A)five to six days
B)three to four weeks
C)three to four months
D)five to six months

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that infants as young as three to four months can group together objects with similar appearances through habituation experiments.

Question 15

From about 6 to 12 months of age,the maturation of the _____ and the surrounding cerebral cortex,especially the frontal lobes,makes explicit memory possible.
A)amygdala
B)hippocampus
C)hypothalamus
D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is the part of the brain responsible for processing explicit memory, which is the ability to consciously remember events and information. The maturation of the hippocampus and surrounding cerebral cortex, particularly the frontal lobes, during this age range allows for the development of explicit memory. The amygdala is involved in the processing of emotions and emotional memories, but not necessarily explicit memory. The hypothalamus is involved in regulating bodily functions such as hunger and thirst, and the cerebellum is responsible for motor coordination and balance.

Question 16

Renee remembers very little about the first three years of her life.Psychologists find this normal and call it:
A)retroactive memory interference.
B)infantile amnesia.
C)child memory loss.
D)memory trace.

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia is a common phenomenon where individuals have little or no memory of events that occurred during their early childhood, typically up to age 3 or 4. This is considered a normal part of human memory development, and psychologists have identified several potential reasons for why it occurs.

Question 17

Remembering how to swim is an example of:
A)implicit memory.
B)deferred imitation.
C)joint attention.
D)explicit memory.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory refers to a type of long-term memory that is not consciously recalled. It is often used to perform routine actions or skills, such as swimming, without conscious effort or awareness.

Question 18

According to the Bayley mental scale,a _____ infant should be able to vocalize pleasure and displeasure,persistently search for objects that are just out of immediate reach,and approach a mirror that is placed in front of the infant by the examiner.
A)two-month-old
B)six-month-old
C)four-month-old
D)one-month-old

Accepted Answer

A six-month-old infant is expected to vocalize pleasure and displeasure, search for objects, and show interest in a mirror according to the Bayley mental scale.

Question 19

A newborn baby widens her eyes after her mother widens her eyes and mouth and smiles at the baby.Meltzoff would say that this baby is:
A)exhibiting a reflex.
B)engaging in true imitation.
C)showing deferred imitation.
D)habituating to the mother's facial expression.

Accepted Answer

Meltzoff's theory of infant imitation posits that babies are capable of true imitation from birth, meaning that they can replicate the facial expressions and movements of others. In this scenario, the newborn baby is likely imitating the mother's facial expression, indicating that this behavior is an example of true imitation.

Question 20

When Abraham describes to his friend what he did in his last summer vacation,he relies on his _____ memory.
A)implicit
B)explicit
C)procedural
D)semantic

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory is a type of long-term memory that involves conscious recollection of past experiences, facts, and events. Abraham is consciously recalling and describing his last summer vacation to his friend, so he is relying on his explicit memory.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy

The _____ focuses on an infant's ability to process information in such ways as encoding the attributes of objects,detecting similarities and differences between objects,forming mental representations,and retrieving these representations.

_____ are cognitive groupings of similar objects,events,people,or ideas.

Charisma is six months old and can vocalize pleasure and displeasure,search for objects out of reach,and approach a mirror that is placed in front of her.According to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development,Charisma:

Most researchers find that babies do not show _____ until the second half of the first year.

According to the Bayley mental scale,by _____ of age,the infant should be able to inhibit behavior when commanded to do so,imitate words the examiner says,and respond to simple requests.

Mandy sees a little girl in the grocery store throwing a tantrum for a toy.Mandy screams and cries for some candy the following week at the mall.Mandy is displaying:

Ariel is nine months old,she understands that a bird is an animal,but an airplane is a vehicle,even though they both contain wings.According to Jean Mandler,Ariel has developed:

Jean Mandler argues that early categorizations are best described as _____ categorization.

Identify the widely used assessment method of infant development that has five scales-cognitive,language,motor,socioemotional,and adaptive.

In the current version of the Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development,the subscores obtained from the four and five different categories of Gesell test and Bayley Scales of Infant Development respectively are combined into an overall score that determines the infants':

June knows the names of all the states that comprise the United States.The names of the states are a part of June's _____ memory.

Juno is riding a bike.Riding a bike requires Juno to use her memories of skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically; this type of memory is referred to as _____ memory.

Most of young infants' conscious memories appear to be _,although their implicit memory of perceptual-motor actions can be _.

Using habituation experiments,some researchers have found that infants as young as _____ can group together objects with similar appearances.

From about 6 to 12 months of age,the maturation of the _____ and the surrounding cerebral cortex,especially the frontal lobes,makes explicit memory possible.

Renee remembers very little about the first three years of her life.Psychologists find this normal and call it:

Remembering how to swim is an example of:

According to the Bayley mental scale,a _____ infant should be able to vocalize pleasure and displeasure,persistently search for objects that are just out of immediate reach,and approach a mirror that is placed in front of the infant by the examiner.

A newborn baby widens her eyes after her mother widens her eyes and mouth and smiles at the baby.Meltzoff would say that this baby is:

When Abraham describes to his friend what he did in his last summer vacation,he relies on his _____ memory.