Question 1

Discuss the criticisms of behavior modification.

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Question 2

Summarize Lawer's conclusions regarding individual satisfaction with rewards.

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Question 3

The idea that the consequences of behavior-reward or punishment-are critical in determining future behavior remains an important foundation for the use of operant conditioning in organizational settings.Use the terms of the theory to describe these consequences and provide an example of each.

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Question 4

Goal setting is not without its critics.What cautions would you give an organization considering implementing a goal setting program?

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Question 5

All of the following are considered intrinsic rewards except:

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A promotion is considered an extrinsic reward as it is typically given by someone else and is based on certain criteria or performance indicators. Intrinsic rewards, on the other hand, are personally fulfilling and come from within, such as achievement, autonomy, and personal growth.

Question 6

Banking time off is associated specifically with which of the following gainsharing plans?

Accepted Answer

Banking time off is not specifically associated with any of the listed gainsharing plans (Improshare, Rucker Plan, or Scanlon Plan). These plans focus on productivity and cost-saving measures rather than banking time off.

Question 7

A qualified ________ must provide a definite predetermined formula for allocating the contributions made to the plan among the participants and for distributing the funds accumulated under the plan after a fixed number of years,after the attainment of a stated age,or upon the prior occurrence of some event,such as layoff,disability,retirement,or severance of employment.

Accepted Answer

A profit sharing plan is the only option among the given choices that requires a predetermined formula for allocating contributions and distributing funds to participants based on certain events or after a fixed number of years or attainment of age. Scanlon plan, Rucker plan, and Improshare are all examples of different types of incentive plans aimed at improving productivity in organizations.

Question 8

Does a difficult goal typically lead to better performance than an easier one? If so,should managers set goals so difficult that they most likely cannot be achieved? Provide an organizational example to justify your response.

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Question 9

The problem of "topping out" is typically associated with which of the following reward systems?

Accepted Answer

Skill-based pay systems can lead to "topping out" when employees reach the maximum skill level and cannot earn additional pay increases.

Question 10

Locke proposed that goal setting was a(n)____________________ process of some practical utility.

Accepted Answer

Locke believed that goal setting was a cognitive process that involved the conscious creation of specific and challenging goals, as well as the development of strategies to attain those goals.

Question 11

Support or refute the statement BSM is simply a variant of OBM.

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Question 12

One of the nine conclusions regarding motivation presented in the text is that management can influence motivation.List four more of these conclusions regarding motivation.

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Question 13

Locke highlighted three attributes of the cognitive process of goal setting.Describe these attributes.

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Question 14

Punishment is ____________________ accompanied by negative attitudes toward the activity that led to the punishment.

Accepted Answer

Punishment is frequently accompanied by negative attitudes toward the activity that led to the punishment as it is intended to discourage or reduce the behavior. The negative attitude serves as a deterrent to the person who received the punishment, as well as possible observers.

Question 15

The Bandura-inspired view of behavior is that it is a function of both personal characteristics and ____________________ conditions.

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social-cognitive theory emphasizes the role of environmental conditions, particularly those in which an individual learns and experiences social interactions and reinforcements, as well as the personal characteristics of the individual, such as beliefs, self-efficacy, and cognitive processes, in shaping behavior. Therefore, the correct option is environmental conditions (option A). Organizational (option B), political (option C), and sociological (option D) factors may also be important determinants of behavior, but they are not central to Bandura's theoretical framework.

Question 16

____________________ primarily addresses the relationship between attitudes toward inputs,outcomes,and practices.

Accepted Answer

Equity theory is primarily concerned with the relationship between attitudes toward inputs (what an individual puts into a job), outcomes (what they get out of it), and practices (what they perceive as the norm for inputs and outcomes in their field). It posits that individuals compare their own input-outcome ratios with those of others, and feelings of equity or inequity can result in motivation or demotivation.

Question 17

Banking time off refers to the practice of ___________.

Accepted Answer

Banking time off refers to the practice of allowing employees to build up time off credits for good performance or attendance. It does not involve cashing in or exchanging allocated time off for additional pay, carrying unused vacation time from one year to another, or budgeting pay outs under a Scanlon Plan.

Question 18

What are the three main objectives of a reward system?

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Question 19

Describe the research concerning the impact of participation on goal commitment and performance.

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Question 20

Which of the following is not a traditional form of gainsharing?

Accepted Answer

The Skinner Plan is not a traditional form of gainsharing. The other options are all recognized types of gainsharing programs that have been used in various organizations.

Quiz 6: Motivation: Organizational Applications