Question 1

Stress can produce a variety of __________ consequences,including anxiety,frustration,apathy,lowered self-esteem,aggression,and depression.

Accepted Answer

Psychological consequences refer to emotional and mental effects, such as those listed in the question. Physiological consequences would refer to physical effects on the body, such as increased heart rate or heightened cortisol levels. Psychotropic consequences would refer to changes in behavior caused by medication or drugs. Pathological consequences would refer to the development of a disease or disorder as a result of stress.

Question 2

The experience of work-related and extraorganizational stress produces ___________ outcomes.

Accepted Answer

The experience of work-related and extraorganizational stress can lead to behavioral, cognitive, and physiological outcomes such as reduced performance, negative thoughts, and physical symptoms like headaches or fatigue. Therefore, all of the choices are correct in regards to the outcomes of stress.

Question 3

Cognitive outcomes associated with stress include all of the following except ___________.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive outcomes associated with stress include poor concentration, mental blocks, and decreased attention spans. Frustration may be a result of stress, but it is not specifically a cognitive outcome.

Question 4

Kobasa,proposes that individuals who experience high rates of change without consequently suffering health problems might differ in terms of personality from those who do.She refers to the personality characteristic as ___________.

Accepted Answer

Kobasa refers to the personality characteristic as "hardiness", which is the ability to cope with stress and change without suffering health consequences. The other options may be related to the concept of resilience or the ability to bounce back from adversity, but they do not specifically match the term used by Kobasa.

Question 5

Jan feels she has too many things to do and insufficient time to complete her job.Jan may be suffering from ___________ overload.

Accepted Answer

Quantitative overload refers to having too many tasks to complete in the available time, which matches Jan's situation.

Question 6

When stress evokes a positive or uplifting outcome,it is referred to as ___________.

Accepted Answer

Eustress refers to positive or beneficial stress, such as the excitement and anticipation before a big event, which can lead to increased motivation and performance. Euphoria refers to a feeling of intense happiness or pleasure, but it is not necessarily related to stress. Anti-stress is not a commonly used term in psychology. The Selye effect refers to the general response of the body to stress, but it does not specifically refer to positive outcomes.

Question 7

Stress of short duration is sometimes referred to as _______ stress while long-duration stress is sometimes referred to as _________ stress.

Accepted Answer

Short-duration stress is commonly referred to as acute stress, while long-duration stress is often referred to as chronic stress.

Question 8

EAPs are typically used in the selection process to assess P-O fit.

Accepted Answer

EAPs (Employee Assistance Programs) are typically used to provide support to employees who may be struggling with personal or work-related issues. While it is possible for EAPs to be utilized in the selection process, their primary purpose is for employee assistance rather than assessing fit. P-O fit (person-organization fit) assessments may involve other tools such as personality or values assessments.

Question 9

People with the hardiness personality trait ___________.

Accepted Answer

People with the hardiness personality trait have a belief that they can control the events they encounter. They are extremely committed to the activities in their lives and treat change in their lives as a challenge. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 10

EAPs are designed to deal with both work and nonwork related problems.

Accepted Answer

EAPs (Employee Assistance Programs) are designed to provide support and resources to employees dealing with a range of personal or professional issues, including those that may affect their work performance. These can include work-related stressors, substance abuse, mental health concerns, financial or legal problems, and personal or family issues, among others. Therefore, it is true that EAPs are designed to deal with both work and non-work related problems.

Question 11

Research suggests that cognitive techniques to reduce stress are generally ineffective.

Accepted Answer

Research actually suggests that cognitive techniques, such as meditation and cognitive-behavioral therapy, can be effective in reducing stress.

Question 12

The key factors that determine whether an experience is likely to result in stress are ___________.

Accepted Answer

All three factors - importance, uncertainty, and duration - contribute significantly to whether an experience will result in stress. Importance refers to how much the event matters to an individual, uncertainty refers to the degree of unpredictability or lack of control over the event, and duration refers to how long the event lasts. These factors can interact with one another and influence how stressful an experience is perceived to be.

Question 13

A comprehensive survey of American workers concluded that a ______ of them experienced job-related depressions.

Accepted Answer

"A third" means 33.3%, which is a significant portion of the surveyed workers. It indicates a concerning prevalence of job-related depression in the American workforce. The other options, a fifth and a quarter, would represent even lower percentages, indicating a less prevalent issue. A majority, on the other hand, would mean over 50%, which would indicate a pervasive problem, and the statement does not suggest that. Therefore, the best choice is C)third.

Question 14

One crucial success factor for any EAP is that it be administered outside of the organization to promote trust.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One crucial success factor for any EAP...

Question 15

The term stress itself has been defined in literally hundreds of ways in the literature.Virtually all of the definitions present stress as ___________.

Accepted Answer

The term "stress" has been defined in various ways, but most definitions categorize it as either a stimulus (something that causes stress) or a response (how an individual reacts to stress). This dual perspective acknowledges that stress can be both an external event that triggers stress reactions and the internal experience or reaction to such events.

Question 16

Being torn by conflicting demands from a supervisor about the job and being pressured to get along with people with whom you are not compatible are both examples of ___________.

Accepted Answer

Role conflict refers to a situation where an individual experiences incompatible demands from two or more sources. In the given scenario, the conflicting demands from a supervisor (job-related) and the pressure to get along with incompatible individuals (interpersonal) create role conflict. Personality conflict is a situation where individuals clash due to personal differences, and structural conflict relates to disagreements arising from differences in organizational structures or systems. Interpersonal conflict is a situation where individuals experience disagreements due to differences in personality, style, or communication.

Question 17

Pat believes there has been a violation of the "psychological contract" she had with her employer.This violation most likely also represents a breakdown in P-E fit.

Accepted Answer

The psychological contract refers to the unwritten expectations and obligations between an employee and employer. If there has been a violation of this contract, it can lead to a breakdown in the perceived fit between the person and the organization, known as person-environment (P-E) fit. Therefore, a violation of the psychological contract is likely to represent a breakdown in P-E fit.

Question 18

As organizations attempt to increase productivity,while decreasing work-force size,___________ is likely to increase.

Accepted Answer

When organizations try to increase productivity by reducing workforce size, the remaining employees are likely to experience an increase in workload, leading to quantitative overload. This means they have to cope with a higher quantity of work in the same amount of time, which can be potentially overwhelming and lead to stress, burnout, and decreased job satisfaction.

Question 19

__________ overload occurs when people feel they lack the ability needed to complete their jobs or that performance standards have been set too high.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative overload occurs when individuals feel that they lack the necessary skills or that the performance expectations are too high, making it difficult for them to meet their job requirements.

Question 20

In a study that examined the relationship of overload,underload,and stress,executives _________ reported more significant medical problems.

Accepted Answer

The study found that executives at both the low and high ends of the stress range reported more significant medical problems. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Quiz 7: Managing Workplace Stress