Question 1

_____ theory of emotion would predict that if you met a bear, you would experience bodily arousal.If the bear seemed unfriendly, you would interpret your arousal as fear; but if the bear offered to shake your "paw," you would be happy, amazed, and relieved.
A)The Cannon-Bard
B)Schachter's
C)The James-Lange
D)The common-sense

Accepted Answer

Schachter's theory, also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, suggests that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal.

Question 2

When parents try to break up the romance of a son or daughter, they tend to add anger, frustration, and fear to the situation.Then, the romantic couple may see the cause of all these intense feelings to be "love." This situation is BEST explained by which theory of emotion?
A)Cannon-Bard theory
B)James-Lange theory
C)attribution theory
D)common sense theory

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory suggests that people interpret and label their emotions based on the context and their understanding of the situation. In this case, the romantic couple attributes the intense feelings caused by parental interference to "love."

Question 3

_____ is the mental process of assigning causes to events, such as in emotion, one assigns bodily arousal to a particular source.
A)Attribution
B)Negation
C)Feedback
D)Homeostasis

Accepted Answer

Attribution is the mental process of assigning causes to events, which is a fundamental part of psychological and social functioning. In the given example, attribution involves assigning bodily arousal to a particular source, such as identifying that a racing heart and sweating are caused by fear or excitement. This process helps individuals understand their own and others' experiences and behaviors, and can influence future reactions and decisions.

Question 4

The perception of an emotion in any situation can depend on what a person thinks has caused his or her feelings of physical arousal.This illustrates which theory of emotion?
A)common sense theory
B)Cannon-Bard theory
C)James-Lange theory
D)attribution theory

Accepted Answer

The situation described in the question aligns with the attribution theory of emotion, which suggests that people interpret their physical responses to a situation and attribute them to a particular emotion based on their appraisal of the situation. This means that the perception of an emotion in a situation can depend on what a person thinks has caused his or her feelings of physical arousal.

Question 5

An experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females shows that
A)perception of emotion is altered by misinformation about the effects of adrenaline.
B)people are not easily fooled about their own emotional responses.
C)physical arousal is unimportant to emotion.
D)emotion is affected by the attribution of physical arousal.

Accepted Answer

The experiment demonstrated that the male subjects attributed their physical arousal (i.e. increased heart rate) to their perception of the attractive nude females in the slides, even when the feedback they received was manipulated and false. This supports the theory that attribution of physical arousal can affect emotion.

Question 6

The emotions we feel are affected by
A)perceptions.
B)attitudes.
C)judgment and experience.
D)all of these.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emotions we feel are affected by
A)perceptions.
B)attitudes.
C)judgment...

Question 7

In a research study, one-third of the subjects were injected with adrenaline, one-third were given a tranquilizer, and one-third were injected with a placebo (salt water).They were shown a slapstick film.The group injected with _____ laughed the most, while the group injected with _____ laughed the least, which provides support for Schachter's theory of emotion.
A)adrenaline; a tranquilizer
B)tranquilizer; adrenaline
C)tranquilizer; a placebo
D)adrenaline; a placebo

Accepted Answer

Schachter's theory of emotion proposes that physiological arousal must be cognitively interpreted before an emotion can be experienced. Therefore, the group injected with adrenaline (which causes physiological arousal) would have experienced a stronger emotional reaction than the group injected with a tranquilizer or placebo. The group injected with a tranquilizer would have experienced less emotional reaction because the tranquilizer would inhibit arousal.

Question 8

You have worked very hard, putting in a great deal of overtime at work.Your boss not only does not notice your hard work but comments on the "messiness" of your office.You have been slighted and demeaned and feel anger.Lazarus would say that your feeling of anger occurred because of your _____, regarding this situation.
A)emotional appraisal
B)individual attribution
C)cognitive distinction
D)facial feedback

Accepted Answer

Lazarus's theory of emotion states that our emotions are a result of a cognitive appraisal of a situation, meaning that we evaluate the events and circumstances, and then generate emotions based on that evaluation. In this scenario, the individual evaluated their boss's comments and actions as a slight and demeaning, leading to the resulting emotion of anger. This process is known as emotional appraisal.

Question 9

In a research study, one-third of the subjects were injected with adrenaline, one-third were given a tranquilizer, and one-third were injected with a placebo (salt water).They were shown a film.The group injected with adrenaline laughed the most, the group given the tranquilizer laughed the least, with the placebo group falling between the two other groups.According to _____, the individuals who received adrenaline had a stirred-up body, but no explanation for what they were feeling; and consequently, they became happy when the movie implied that their adrenaline arousal was due to amusement.
A)Schachter's cognitive theory
B)the Cannon-Bard theory
C)the James-Lange theory
D)the common sense theory

Accepted Answer

Schachter's cognitive theory proposes that emotions are the result of both physiological arousal and the cognitive interpretation of that arousal. In this case, the individuals who received adrenaline had a stirred-up body due to the injection, but no explanation for what they were feeling. The movie implied that their adrenaline arousal was due to amusement, and they interpreted their arousal as happiness. This interpretation led to their laughter during the film.

Question 10

In the "love on a swaying bridge" experiment, the findings that the men interviewed on the high swaying suspension bridge called the lovely interviewer more than the men interviewed on the solid wooden bridge suggest that the
A)men on the swaying bridge interpreted their heightened arousal as attraction for the lovely interviewer.
B)lovely interviewer smiled more at the men on the swaying bridge than the solid bridge.
C)men on the swaying bridge were younger than the men on the solid wooden bridge.
D)men on the swaying bridge were more athletic than the men on the solid wooden bridge.

Accepted Answer

The finding suggests that the men on the swaying bridge interpreted their heightened arousal, caused by the swaying bridge, as attraction to the lovely interviewer. This is known as the misattribution of arousal, where physiological arousal from one source (in this case the swaying bridge) is attributed to another source (in this case, the attractive interviewer).

Question 11

According to Valins, how we interpret arousal is determined by
A)hypothalamic activity.
B)thalamic activity.
C)limbic system feedback.
D)the attributions we make.

Accepted Answer

Valins proposed that how we interpret arousal is determined by the attributions we make, or the meaning we assign to the arousal. This can vary depending on the context and individual beliefs, leading to different emotional experiences associated with the same physiological arousal.

Question 12

According to Lazarus, people tend to give personal meaning to any stimulus, evaluating it as good or bad, threatening or supportive, relevant or irrelevant, and so on.This illustrates
A)emotional appraisal.
B)individual attribution.
C)cognitive distinction.
D)facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

Lazarus's theory proposes that emotional responses arise from cognitive appraisal of stimuli, where individuals evaluate stimuli as positive or negative, threatening or supportive, etc. This process is called emotional appraisal, which is captured in option A. The other options, such as individual attribution and facial feedback, are related to other theories of emotion, and do not capture the central tenets of Lazarus's theory.

Question 13

Which of the following researchers in the area of emotion would probably be most interested in Valins's notion of attribution?
A)James and Lange
B)Cannon and Bard
C)Dodson
D)Schachter

Accepted Answer

Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion emphasizes the role of cognitive interpretation in determining emotional experiences. Valins's notion of attribution, which refers to the process of deciding why we feel a certain way, is highly relevant to this theory.

Question 14

According to the _____, emotions cause innately programmed changes in facial expression.Then, sensations from the face provide cues to the brain that help us determine what emotion we are feeling.
A)facial arousal theory
B)facial attribution theory
C)facial feedback hypothesis
D)Cannon-Bard hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis proposes that facial expressions not only reflect emotions, but also help to generate and intensify them. According to this theory, changes in facial muscles can create physiological changes that then influence our emotional experience. This theory suggests that emotions are not just caused by external events, but also by the feedback from our own facial expressions.

Question 15

According to _____, the emotions you experience are greatly influenced by how you think about the event in the first place.
A)Carrol Izard
B)Paul Ekman
C)Richard Lazarus
D)Carl Lange

Accepted Answer

Richard Lazarus's cognitive appraisal theory proposes that the way an individual evaluates and interprets an event determines their emotional response to it.

Question 16

According to Lazarus, one's evaluation of the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation is known as
A)facial feedback.
B)individual attribution.
C)cognitive distinction.
D)emotional appraisal.

Accepted Answer

Lazarus's theory of emotion emphasizes the importance of cognitive appraisal, or the evaluation of a situation or stimulus in determining the emotional response. This evaluation includes an assessment of the personal meaning of the situation or stimulus, leading to emotional appraisal. Therefore, option D, emotional appraisal, is the correct answer.

Question 17

The _____ theory predicts that you are most likely to "love" someone who gets you stirred up emotionally, even when fear, anger, frustration, or rejection is part of the formula.
A)Cannon-Bard
B)attribution
C)James-Lange
D)common sense

Accepted Answer

The attribution theory suggests that people interpret their emotional arousal by attributing it to the most plausible source, which can include the presence of another person, leading to feelings of love.

Question 18

Although he doesn't understand why, Rick finds that his attraction to his girlfriend is intensified when she flirts with other men.His increased attraction may be caused by his ____ regarding his emotional arousal.
A)denial
B)secondary appraisal
C)frustration
D)attribution

Accepted Answer

Rick's attraction may be caused by his attribution regarding his emotional arousal, meaning he may be interpreting his own heightened feelings as a sign of his girlfriend being desirable and sought-after by other men.

Question 19

You promised a friend to pick him up after work.As you arrive at home, your friend calls you and says that he has been waiting for over an hour for you to pick him up.You realize that you have not lived up to your promise and feel shame.Lazarus would say that your feeling of shame occurred because of your
A)individual attribution.
B)emotional appraisal.
C)cognitive distinction.
D)facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory, which suggests that emotional experiences are the result of cognitive evaluations of the situation. In this scenario, feeling shame occurred because the individual appraised the situation as a failure to live up to their promise, leading to the emotion of shame. Therefore, the emotional appraisal (B) best explains the feeling of shame, rather than individual attribution (A), cognitive distinction (C), or facial feedback (D).

Question 20

Regarding Valins's experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)The male subjects who heard the false heart beat consistently rated the slides paired with a "pounding heart" as the most attractive.
B)The results of this experiment demonstrate the effects of attribution on emotions.
C)The male subjects, in order to explain their apparent arousal, came to believe that the slides they selected during the phony rapid heart beat were really the most attractive.
D)Valins' theory is most similar to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

Valins' theory is similar to the Schacter-Singer theory of emotion, which suggests that emotions are determined by a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The Cannon-Bard theory, on the other hand, suggests that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently. Therefore, statement D is false.

Quiz 10: Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

_____ theory of emotion would predict that if you met a bear, you would experience bodily arousal.If the bear seemed unfriendly, you would interpret your arousal as fear; but if the bear offered to shake your "paw," you would be happy, amazed, and relieved.

When parents try to break up the romance of a son or daughter, they tend to add anger, frustration, and fear to the situation.Then, the romantic couple may see the cause of all these intense feelings to be "love." This situation is BEST explained by which theory of emotion?

_____ is the mental process of assigning causes to events, such as in emotion, one assigns bodily arousal to a particular source.

The perception of an emotion in any situation can depend on what a person thinks has caused his or her feelings of physical arousal.This illustrates which theory of emotion?

An experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females shows that

The emotions we feel are affected by

In the "love on a swaying bridge" experiment, the findings that the men interviewed on the high swaying suspension bridge called the lovely interviewer more than the men interviewed on the solid wooden bridge suggest that the

According to Valins, how we interpret arousal is determined by

According to Lazarus, people tend to give personal meaning to any stimulus, evaluating it as good or bad, threatening or supportive, relevant or irrelevant, and so on.This illustrates

Which of the following researchers in the area of emotion would probably be most interested in Valins's notion of attribution?

According to the _____, emotions cause innately programmed changes in facial expression.Then, sensations from the face provide cues to the brain that help us determine what emotion we are feeling.

According to _____, the emotions you experience are greatly influenced by how you think about the event in the first place.

According to Lazarus, one's evaluation of the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation is known as

The _____ theory predicts that you are most likely to "love" someone who gets you stirred up emotionally, even when fear, anger, frustration, or rejection is part of the formula.

Although he doesn't understand why, Rick finds that his attraction to his girlfriend is intensified when she flirts with other men.His increased attraction may be caused by his ____ regarding his emotional arousal.

Regarding Valins's experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females, which of the following statements is FALSE?