Question 1

Muscular control spreads in a pattern from head to toe, according to the
A)zone of proximal development.
B)adaptive gradient.
C)cephalocaudal principle.
D)proximodistal principle.

Accepted Answer

The cephalocaudal principle states that development progresses from the head (cephalic region) down to the lower parts of the body (caudal region). This principle applies to the development of muscular control, which begins in the head and gradually spreads to the torso, arms, and legs. The other options are not related to this specific pattern of development.

Question 2

The basic emotions of anger, fear, and joy
A)appear to be unlearned.
B)take time to develop.
C)follow a pattern closely tied to maturation.
D)are characterized by all of these.

Accepted Answer

The basic emotions of anger, fear, and joy are believed to be unlearned, and their development follows a pattern closely tied to maturation. Therefore, Option A and C are correct. Additionally, these emotions take time to develop, so Option B is also correct. Thus, the best answer is D as it captures all the options.

Question 3

Studies by Bridges suggest that _____ is the only emotion that newborn infants clearly express.
A)fear
B)general excitement
C)joy
D)anger

Accepted Answer

Bridges' studies indicate that newborns primarily express a state of general excitement, rather than specific emotions like fear, joy, or anger.

Question 4

If you were to observe the development of psychomotor abilities in infants across cultures, you would find the most similarities in the
A)ages at which each ability appears.
B)child-rearing practices used to foster development.
C)sequence in which abilities appear.
D)relationship between intellectual and psychomotor development.

Accepted Answer

The sequence in which psychomotor abilities appear is generally consistent across cultures, regardless of child-rearing practices or ages at which abilities emerge. For example, infants tend to develop gross motor skills (e.g. crawling, walking) before fine motor skills (e.g. grasping objects with fingers).

Question 5

According to the _____, muscular control spreads in a pattern from the center of the body to the extremities.
A)proximodistal principle
B)cephalocaudal principle
C)zone of proximal development
D)scaffolding principle

Accepted Answer

The proximodistal principle explains that control of muscles begins at the center of the body and spreads outward toward the extremities. This principle is important in understanding motor development in infants and young children.

Question 6

Regarding the motor skills of babies, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Motor skills simply emerge at the appropriate developmental ages.
B)Behaviors in infants are sudden and dramatic; one day, they are sitting without support, and the next day they are standing holding on to the furniture.
C)Babies tend to tune their motor skills over time, making their movements smoother and more effective.
D)Maturation is the only factor behind developing motor skills.

Accepted Answer

Babies tend to refine their motor skills over time, making their movements smoother and more effective. This is due to a combination of factors such as maturation, practice, and environmental stimulation. Motor skills do not simply emerge at appropriate developmental ages but are influenced by various factors. Behaviors in infants develop gradually and are not sudden and dramatic. Maturation is an important factor in developing motor skills, but it is not the only factor.

Question 7

Proximodistal means from
A)the center of the body to the extremities.
B)the past to the future.
C)the head to the toes.
D)birth to death.

Accepted Answer

Proximodistal refers to the direction of development or growth, and it means from the center of the body to the extremities. This is typically how the body develops, with the head and trunk developing before the arms and legs.

Question 8

Psychologist Carolyn Rovee-Collier placed babies on their backs under a colorful crib mobile and tied a ribbon around the baby's ankle, connecting it to the mobile.Whenever the babies spontaneously kicked their legs, the mobile jingled and rattled.Within minutes, infants as young as _____ months learned to control their movements and kick faster to move the mobile more.
A)three
B)six
C)nine
D)12

Accepted Answer

The passage states that infants as young as _____ months learned to control their movements and kick faster to move the mobile more. The only option that fits in the blank and is mentioned in the answer choices is three. Therefore, the best choice is A) three.

Question 9

Maturation refers to the physical growth and development of
A)the body.
B)the brain.
C)the nervous system.
D)all of these.

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system. Therefore, option D, "all of these," is the most appropriate choice.

Question 10

Early emotional development follows a pattern closely tied to _____, since even the basic emotions of anger, fear, and joy, which appear unlearned, take time to develop.
A)maturation
B)habituation
C)resiliency
D)scaffolding

Accepted Answer

Early emotional development is closely tied to maturation as it takes time for even the basic emotions of anger, fear, and joy to develop, indicating that there is a biological and developmental component to emotional development. Habituation refers to when an individual becomes desensitized to a stimulus over time, resiliency refers to an individual's ability to recover from adversity, and scaffolding refers to the educational technique of providing temporary support to help individuals learn a new skill. None of these are directly related to early emotional development.

Question 11

Regarding the rate and order of maturation, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Rate varies but order is almost universal.
B)Both rate and order vary.
C)Rate and order are invariant.
D)Rate is almost universal but order varies.

Accepted Answer

While the rate of maturation may vary from person to person, the order in which certain milestones occur (such as crawling before walking) is almost universal among typically developing children.

Question 12

Maturation is defined as the
A)physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system.
B)organism's ability to adapt to changing conditions.
C)sum of all the external conditions affecting development.
D)transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parent to offspring.

Accepted Answer

Maturation specifically refers to the physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system, making option A the best choice. Options B, C, and D all refer to other aspects of development or heredity, but do not accurately capture the definition of maturation.

Question 13

Gabe, at first, holds the beach ball by pulling the ball to his body with his arms.With increasing age, he begins to hold the ball with his hands and later with his fingertips.This progression of development illustrates
A)the cephalocaudal pattern.
B)the proximodistal pattern.
C)habituation.
D)assimilation.

Accepted Answer

The proximodistal pattern refers to the development from the center of the body outward. In this scenario, Gabe first holds the beach ball close to his body with his arms (proximal) and then progresses to holding it with his hands and eventually fingertips (distal). This shows the progression of development from the center of the body outward.

Question 14

Amy lifts her head, then learns to crawl, then to walk with the development progressing from her head to her feet.This progression illustrates
A)the cephalocaudal pattern.
B)the proximodistal pattern.
C)habituation.
D)assimilation.

Accepted Answer

The progression from head to feet is known as the cephalocaudal pattern, which is a common trend in motor development. This pattern involves the development of the head and upper body before the lower body and limbs.

Question 15

The orderly sequence in the development of motor abilities from crawling to walking is a result of
A)cultural influences.
B)maturation.
C)attachment or bonding.
D)imitation or modeling.

Accepted Answer

The orderly sequence in the development of motor abilities from crawling to walking is a result of maturation, which refers to the genetically determined course of development. This sequence follows a predictable pattern across cultures and environments as the child's brain and nervous system develop in a certain order. Cultural influences, attachment or bonding, and imitation or modeling can all have some impact on motor development, but they do not account for the underlying sequence and timing of the development of these abilities.

Question 16

Which would you expect to be most directly related to maturation?
A)age at which learning to jump-rope becomes possible
B)age at which a congenital problem appears
C)age at which the multiplication tables are learned
D)age at which a career is selected

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the natural and biological process of development and growth. Learning to jump-rope requires a certain level of physical maturation, such as the development of gross motor skills and balance, which typically occurs around a certain age range. In contrast, congenital problems and career selection are more influenced by external factors and individual choices, while learning multiplication tables can be influenced by teaching and practice.

Question 17

After two years of age, infants become much more interested in
A)bonding.
B)non-verbal communication.
C)familiar voices.
D)unusual objects.

Accepted Answer

After two years of age, infants become more curious and interested in exploring their environment, which includes unusual objects.

Question 18

The physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system is called
A)readiness.
B)maturation.
C)mobility.
D)heredity.

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the natural process of physical growth and development. It includes changes in body size and shape, as well as the development of the brain and nervous system. Readiness, mobility, and heredity can all play a role in maturation, but the term itself specifically refers to the physical changes that occur as a result of aging and natural bodily processes.

Question 19

Cephalocaudal means from
A)the center of the body to the extremities.
B)the past to the future.
C)the head to the toes.
D)birth to death.

Accepted Answer

Cephalocaudal refers to the pattern of growth and development that proceeds from the head towards the feet, thus C is the correct answer. Choice A is close but not the exact definition. Choice B and D are incorrect.

Question 20

By the age of _____, children seem to prefer unfamiliar stimuli.
A)nine months
B)12 months
C)18 months
D)24 months

Accepted Answer

The answer of By the age of _____, children seem...

Quiz 3: Extension A: Human Development

Muscular control spreads in a pattern from head to toe, according to the

The basic emotions of anger, fear, and joy

Studies by Bridges suggest that _____ is the only emotion that newborn infants clearly express.

If you were to observe the development of psychomotor abilities in infants across cultures, you would find the most similarities in the

According to the _____, muscular control spreads in a pattern from the center of the body to the extremities.

Regarding the motor skills of babies, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Proximodistal means from

Maturation refers to the physical growth and development of

Early emotional development follows a pattern closely tied to _____, since even the basic emotions of anger, fear, and joy, which appear unlearned, take time to develop.

Regarding the rate and order of maturation, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Maturation is defined as the

Gabe, at first, holds the beach ball by pulling the ball to his body with his arms.With increasing age, he begins to hold the ball with his hands and later with his fingertips.This progression of development illustrates

Amy lifts her head, then learns to crawl, then to walk with the development progressing from her head to her feet.This progression illustrates

The orderly sequence in the development of motor abilities from crawling to walking is a result of

Which would you expect to be most directly related to maturation?

After two years of age, infants become much more interested in

The physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system is called

Cephalocaudal means from

By the age of _____, children seem to prefer unfamiliar stimuli.