Question 1

Which of the following observations does NOT support the idea that language is learned?
A)Children imitate words spoken by adults.
B)Children are rewarded for correctly using words.
C)Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D)When a child makes a language error, parents make needed corrections or ask a clarifying question to draw the child's attention to the error.

Accepted Answer

This observation actually supports the idea that language is innate, as it suggests that children are born with an innate template for language that constrains the types of sentences they produce. The other three observations all support the idea that language is learned through social interactions and feedback from others.

Question 2

Two-year-old Teshonda is eating her breakfast and tells her mother, "Allgone milk."According to Noam Chomsky, Teshonda is exhibiting which pattern of speech?
A)identification
B)nonexistence
C)negation
D)agent-action

Accepted Answer

Teshonda's statement "All gone milk" is an example of expressing nonexistence, according to Noam Chomsky's theories on language development. This pattern of speech indicates that she is communicating the absence of something, in this case, milk.

Question 3

Two-year-old Mark is looking for his toy.His mother finds one of his cars and hands it to Mark.He says, "Not ball," meaning the car is not what he wanted.According to Noam Chomsky, Mark is exhibiting which pattern of speech?
A)identification
B)command
C)negation
D)possession

Accepted Answer

Mark is exhibiting the pattern of negation as he is stating that the car is not what he wanted.

Question 4

According to Chomsky, language patterns must be _____ since children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
A)inborn
B)learned very early
C)related to the intelligence of the child
D)prelinguistic

Accepted Answer

Chomsky believes that language patterns are inborn, as children around the world use similar linguistic structures in their initial utterances regardless of their culture or language. This supports his theory of universal grammar, which posits that all humans are born with an innate ability to acquire language.

Question 5

Telegraphic speech refers to
A)the single-word stage of language learning.
B)the continuous outpouring of meaningless vowel and consonant sounds.
C)words that communicate only part of an idea.
D)simple two-word sentences characteristic of early speech.

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech is characterized by the use of short, simple two-word sentences, typically seen in early language development. It is called "telegraphic" because, like a telegram, it conveys only the essential information needed to understand the message.

Question 6

According to Chomsky, humans have a _____ to develop language.
A)perceptual set
B)telegraphic readiness
C)learning set
D)biological predisposition

Accepted Answer

Chomsky argues that humans have a biological predisposition to develop language, which he refers to as the "language acquisition device" (LAD). This innate ability allows children to learn language rapidly and with little explicit instruction.

Question 7

Your child has just begun saying "No!" and "Mine!" frequently and having temper tantrums.She is
A)babbling.
B)mimicking you.
C)showing behavior typical of the terrible twos.
D)showing arrested language and psychosocial development.

Accepted Answer

Toddlers between the ages of one and three often have frequent temper tantrums and say "No!" and "Mine!" frequently. This behavior is typical of the "terrible twos" stage of development, where children are learning to assert their independence and control over their environment. It is a normal part of psychosocial development, and parents can help by setting appropriate boundaries and providing consistent discipline.

Question 8

Which psychologist claimed that humans have a biological predisposition to develop language?
A)Erik Erikson
B)Konrad Lorenz
C)Noam Chomsky
D)Jean Piaget

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky proposed the theory of universal grammar, which suggests that humans have an innate ability to learn language due to a biological predisposition. He believed that there are certain language acquisition devices in the brain that allow children to learn language rapidly and effortlessly.

Question 9

Typical patterns of children's first sentences include
A)possession.
B)non-existence.
C)identification.
D)all of these.

Accepted Answer

Children's first sentences typically include patterns of possession, expressing that a person or object belongs to them (e.g. "my toy"), non-existence, conveying that something or someone is absent (e.g. "no mommy"), and identification, identifying objects, people or actions (e.g. "doggy barking"). Therefore, choice D, "all of these", is the best answer.

Question 10

Two-year-olds
A)may understand parental commands, but refuse to obey them.
B)are capable of mischief and temper tantrums.
C)are becoming more independent.
D)exhibit all of these behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Two-year-olds may understand parental commands, but may refuse to obey them. They are also capable of mischief and temper tantrums. Additionally, they are becoming more independent, which manifests in their desire to do things on their own and their frustration when they cannot. Therefore, all of these behaviors can be exhibited by two-year-olds.

Question 11

Alicia's mother asks Alicia to put her blocks away.Alicia responds, "No, me play." Observing this, we might guess that Alicia
A)is approximately a year old.
B)is experiencing the terrible twos.
C)has progressed to the threatening threes.
D)has not as yet mastered telegraphic speech.

Accepted Answer

Alicia's response, "No, me play", suggests that she is at an age where she is starting to assert her independence and may be experiencing the "terrible twos." This is a common developmental stage that occurs around the age of two, where children may begin to resist parental authority and test boundaries.

Question 12

Peter is sitting on the floor playing when he waves to his daddy and says "Go bye-bye." He then calls to his cat, "Here Kitty," and later asks his mother for a cookie by saying, "Want cookie." Peter is exhibiting
A)cooing.
B)telegraphic speech.
C)the single-word stage.
D)babbling.

Accepted Answer

Peter's speech is characterized by using only essential words to convey his meaning, which is typical of telegraphic speech. This is a transitional stage between using single words and more complex language structures.

Question 13

Jay is 26 months old, and his favorite word is "No." Although he knows what his parents want him to do (or not do), Jay seems to take delight in doing the opposite.Jay is exhibiting
A)the precursor to a conduct disorder.
B)attention deficit disorder.
C)the effect of the withdrawal of love technique.
D)normal independent behavior for a child of this age.

Accepted Answer

Jay is exhibiting normal independent behavior for a child of this age. It is common for toddlers to exercise their newly found independence by saying "No" and testing boundaries. This behavior helps them develop a sense of self and autonomy. It is important for parents to set clear limits and consequences, but also allow their child to make some decisions and have some control over their own choices. It is not necessarily a precursor to conduct disorder or a result of the withdrawal of love technique. Attention deficit disorder is not relevant to this situation.

Question 14

Brett's speaking vocabulary includes more than 4,000 words and he is able to understand more than twice that many.He is most likely
A)about two.
B)about three.
C)in preschool.
D)in first grade.

Accepted Answer

A speaking vocabulary of 4,000 words and understanding double that amount is typical for a child in first grade.

Question 15

When a toddler is in the stage called the terrible twos, typical behavior can be
A)oppositional.
B)passive.
C)appropriate.
D)precocious.

Accepted Answer

The terrible twos is a stage where toddlers often exhibit oppositional behavior such as saying "no" frequently or throwing tantrums when they don't get their way. This is a normal part of development as they are asserting their independence and testing boundaries.

Question 16

Two-year-old Shun is watching his mother putting the groceries away.When he sees the juice, he says, "Mama give," indicating that he wants some juice.According to Noam Chomsky, Shun is exhibiting which pattern of speech?
A)identification
B)possession
C)question
D)agent-action

Accepted Answer

Shun's statement "Mama give" is an example of agent-action speech pattern, where "Mama" is the agent (the doer) and "give" is the action. This pattern reflects Chomsky's theory that children have an innate ability to understand and produce language, including recognizing subjects and verbs in sentences.

Question 17

Dr.Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the psychology of language and language development.Dr.Jones would be referred to as a
A)psycholinguist.
B)paralanguage specialist.
C)parapsychologist.
D)phrenologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Jones's specialization in the psychology of language and language development indicates that they are a psycholinguist, which is a field of study that focuses on how people acquire, use, and understand language. The other options such as paralanguage specialist, parapsychologist, and phrenologist are unrelated to Dr. Jones's area of expertise.

Question 18

Two-year-old Marian and her mother are at the park.People nearby hear Marian talking to her mother, "See birdie," "Want cookie," and "My ball." According to Noam Chomsky, Marian is exhibiting
A)the identification, agent-action, and possessive patterns of speech.
B)the question, command, and ownership patterns of speech.
C)negation behavior speech patterns.
D)babbling.

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky's theory includes the idea that children have an innate ability to acquire language and certain patterns of speech (or language acquisition device). The identification, agent-action, and possessive patterns of speech are part of this early language development, which include using nouns, verbs, and possessive pronouns to express desires and needs, as well as forming simple declarative sentences. Marian's speech is displaying these patterns, as seen in her use of "birdie", "cookie", and "my ball".

Question 19

Which of the following observations is cited to support the idea that language is learned?
A)Babies in all cultures communicate first by crying, then cooing, then babbling.
B)Parents and children communicate with shared signals before language appears.
C)Children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.
D)Telegraphic speech occurs in every culture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following observations is cited...

Question 20

A specialist in the psychology of language is a
A)parapsychologist.
B)phrenologist.
C)psycholinguist.
D)graphologist.

Accepted Answer

A specialist in the psychology of language is called a psycholinguist. They study how language is acquired, used, and processed in the brain. A parapsychologist studies paranormal phenomena, a phrenologist studies the bumps on a person's skull, and a graphologist analyzes handwriting to make inferences about personality traits.

Quiz 3: Extension B: Human Development

Which of the following observations does NOT support the idea that language is learned?

Two-year-old Teshonda is eating her breakfast and tells her mother, "Allgone milk."According to Noam Chomsky, Teshonda is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

Two-year-old Mark is looking for his toy.His mother finds one of his cars and hands it to Mark.He says, "Not ball," meaning the car is not what he wanted.According to Noam Chomsky, Mark is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

According to Chomsky, language patterns must be _____ since children around the world use a limited number of patterns in their first sentences.

Telegraphic speech refers to

According to Chomsky, humans have a _____ to develop language.

Your child has just begun saying "No!" and "Mine!" frequently and having temper tantrums.She is

Which psychologist claimed that humans have a biological predisposition to develop language?

Typical patterns of children's first sentences include

Two-year-olds

Alicia's mother asks Alicia to put her blocks away.Alicia responds, "No, me play." Observing this, we might guess that Alicia

Peter is sitting on the floor playing when he waves to his daddy and says "Go bye-bye." He then calls to his cat, "Here Kitty," and later asks his mother for a cookie by saying, "Want cookie." Peter is exhibiting

Jay is 26 months old, and his favorite word is "No." Although he knows what his parents want him to do (or not do) , Jay seems to take delight in doing the opposite.Jay is exhibiting

Brett's speaking vocabulary includes more than 4,000 words and he is able to understand more than twice that many.He is most likely

When a toddler is in the stage called the terrible twos, typical behavior can be

Two-year-old Shun is watching his mother putting the groceries away.When he sees the juice, he says, "Mama give," indicating that he wants some juice.According to Noam Chomsky, Shun is exhibiting which pattern of speech?

Dr.Jones is a psychologist who specializes in the psychology of language and language development.Dr.Jones would be referred to as a

Two-year-old Marian and her mother are at the park.People nearby hear Marian talking to her mother, "See birdie," "Want cookie," and "My ball." According to Noam Chomsky, Marian is exhibiting

Which of the following observations is cited to support the idea that language is learned?

A specialist in the psychology of language is a