Question 1

Regarding short-term memory (STM), which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)STM has a limited storage capacity.
B)Although information can be stored in STM in images, it is generally stored phonetically.
C)It is very difficult to do more than one task at a time in STM.
D)Once information is placed in STM, it is permanently stored.

Accepted Answer

Once information is placed in STM, it is not permanently stored. STM is a temporary holding place for information that is needed for immediate tasks. The information held in STM can be easily lost or overwritten as new information enters the STM.

Question 2

The critical factor determining whether information goes from short-term memory to long-term memory is its
A)length.
B)complexity.
C)meaning.
D)diversity.

Accepted Answer

The meaning or significance of information is the critical factor that determines whether it moves from short-term memory to long-term memory. Information that has personal relevance or connections to existing knowledge is more likely to be transferred to long-term memory. Length, complexity, and diversity may impact how easily information is processed or remembered but do not necessarily determine whether it is stored in long-term memory.

Question 3

Your instructor is lecturing in class when security knocks on the door.The instructor does to the door, gets the note from security, and gives it to a student, who exits the classroom.The instructor looks at the class and asks, "Now where was I in the lecture notes?" This situation illustrates how _____ affects short-term memory.
A)encoding
B)priming
C)chunking
D)interference

Accepted Answer

The situation illustrates how interference affects short-term memory. Interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to recall previously learned information. In this case, the interruption caused by the security knocking on the door and the student leaving the classroom could interfere with the students' ability to recall what the instructor was discussing before the interruption.

Question 4

When STM is combined with other mental processes, it provides an area of
A)working memory.
B)eidetic memory.
C)procedural memory.
D)integrative memory.

Accepted Answer

STM is a component of working memory, which also includes the manipulation and processing of information. Therefore, when combined with other mental processes, it provides an area of working memory. Eidetic memory refers to a photographic memory, while procedural memory refers to memories of how to do things, and integrative memory is not a term commonly used in psychology.

Question 5

Short-term memory is similar to a
A)parking garage at an airline's long-term lot.
B)storage locker in front of the campus bookstore.
C)bank's vault.
D)museum's archives.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is like a storage locker because it holds information temporarily, just as a storage locker holds items temporarily. Just like how items in a storage locker can be retrieved quickly and easily, short-term memory is also able to retrieve information quickly within a short timeframe.

Question 6

Another name for short-term memory, especially as it is used for thinking and problem-solving is _____ memory.
A)working
B)eidetic
C)procedural
D)integrative

Accepted Answer

Working memory refers to the temporary storage and processing of information that is required for cognitive tasks such as thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making. It is sometimes referred to as short-term memory because it is used over a brief period of time and is continually updated and modified as new information is received. The other options are not synonymous with short-term memory or working memory. Eidetic memory refers to the ability to recall images or objects in great detail after only a brief exposure. Procedural memory refers to the ability to remember how to do skilled tasks, such as playing an instrument, without conscious thought. Integrative memory is not a commonly used term in psychology.

Question 7

Someone leaves a phone number on your answering machine.You repeat the number to yourself as you start to dial.Then, the doorbell rings, and you rush to see who is there.When you return to the phone, you have completely forgotten the number.This illustrates how interference affects _____ memory.
A)eidetic
B)sensory
C)short-term
D)long-term

Accepted Answer

The scenario illustrates how interference affects short-term memory, which has a limited capacity and duration. The interruption caused by the doorbell ringing interfered with the person's ability to maintain the phone number in their short-term memory, leading to its forgetting. Eidetic memory refers to photographic memory, and sensory memory is the initial stage of memory processing that briefly holds sensory information. Long-term memory has a relatively unlimited capacity and duration, and interference is less likely to affect previously encoded information in this memory store.

Question 8

Whenever you are doing mental arithmetic, planning a meal, or reading a book, you are using
A)procedural memory.
B)working memory.
C)eidetic memory.
D)implicit memory.

Accepted Answer

Working memory is responsible for holding and manipulating information in our minds for short periods of time, such as mental arithmetic, planning a meal, or reading a book. Procedural memory is associated with the learning of skills and implicit memory involves unconscious retrieval of memories. Eidetic memory is a rare ability to recall images and information with exceptional detail and accuracy.

Question 9

Earlier in the day, you ate breakfast at The Pine Tree Cafe.You are trying to tell a friend about this restaurant, but you can't quite recall the name.You will most likely call the restaurant
A)The Oak Grove Cafe.
B)The Lime Tree Cafe.
C)The Fair Tree Cafe.
D)The Forest Tree Cafe.

Accepted Answer

Although none of the options match the actual name of the restaurant, "Lime" is the closest phonetically to "Pine." This may be the most likely option for someone to remember and guess.

Question 10

The meaning and importance of information has the strongest impact on _____ memory.
A)sensory
B)eidetic
C)long-term
D)procedural

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is the type of memory that stores information for long periods of time, from minutes to years. It is the most important type of memory as it allows us to retain and retrieve information that is necessary for our daily lives, such as personal experiences, knowledge, and skills. Therefore, the meaning and importance of information have the strongest impact on long-term memory as they determine whether the information is worth storing and retrieving in the future.

Question 11

Information in long-term memory is generally stored on the basis of
A)visual images.
B)meaning.
C)how the words sound.
D)patterns of visual and auditory images.

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is primarily based on meaning rather than visual or auditory components, although some visual or auditory information may also be included in the memory.

Question 12

The storage capacity of long-term memory is best described as
A)a single item.
B)about seven items.
C)about seven volumes.
D)limitless.

Accepted Answer

The storage capacity of long-term memory is limitless, meaning that it is not possible to reach a point where no more information can be stored.

Question 13

Regarding short-term memory (STM), which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)STM has an unlimited storage capacity.
B)STM deals with information for longer periods of time, usually for at least 30 minutes.
C)STM is seriously affected by any interruption or interference.
D)Once information is placed in STM, it is permanently stored.

Accepted Answer

STM has a limited storage capacity and can hold a small amount of information for a brief period of time, usually up to 30 seconds. Interruption or interference can disrupt the transfer of information from STM to long-term memory (LTM), resulting in forgetting. Information stored in STM is not permanent and needs to be encoded and transferred to LTM for long-term retention.

Question 14

Working memory is a part of which memory system?
A)procedural memory
B)short-term memory
C)long-term memory
D)sensory memory

Accepted Answer

Working memory is typically considered a part of the short-term memory system. Short-term memory refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information that is necessary for ongoing cognitive processes. Working memory is a specific type of short-term memory that is involved in the active manipulation and processing of information, such as mentally rehearsing a phone number or solving a math problem.

Question 15

You are introduced to Tim and Gina.Later when you see them, you cannot remember their names.If you try to guess their names, which of the following would most likely be your guess, considering how information is stored in short-term memory?
A)Thomas and Glenda
B)Tad and Gloria
C)Jim and Tina
D)George and Tanya

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is known for storing information based on sound and similarity. Therefore, the names Jim and Tina have similar sounds to Tim and Gina and are the most likely guesses.

Question 16

Sydney would be described as having a wealth of knowledge.She is constantly reading about many diverse subjects.Heather has not read a book since her senior year in college and rarely watches the news to keep up with national or international events.Regarding research on memory, we would expect
A)Sydney will find it easier than Heather to add new information to memory.
B)Heather will find it easier than Sydney to add new information to memory.
C)both women to be able to add new information to memory equally well.
D)Sydney more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that prior knowledge and experience can aid in the encoding and retrieval of new information. Sydney's constant reading and pursuit of diverse subjects would suggest that she has a greater wealth of prior knowledge and experience than Heather, who has not engaged in similar activities. Therefore, we would expect Sydney to find it easier than Heather to add new information to memory.

Question 17

You have gone for the first time to one of the campus computer labs to work on your psychology assignments.However, you forgot your first-day handout, which has the psychology website listed.You spot a person from your class, and he tells you the website.You walk back to your computer and type in the website.In the process of working through the assignment, you accidentally exit completely out of the system.You cannot remember the psychology website.This illustrates how _____ operates.
A)sensory memory
B)iconic memory
C)short-term memory
D)procedural memory

Accepted Answer

This situation illustrates how short-term memory operates as it involves the temporary holding and processing of information or instructions needed for the task at hand. The fact that the individual cannot remember the psychology website after accidentally exiting the system suggests that the information was not stored in long-term memory but lost from short-term memory. Sensory memory and iconic memory are very brief and relate to the initial perception of stimuli. Procedural memory involves the recall of how to perform learned skills or actions.

Question 18

The more information you learn, the easier it becomes
A)to add new information to memory.
B)to forget previously learned information.
C)for interference and retrieval failure to occur.
D)for a person to develop Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.

Accepted Answer

This statement is supported by the concept of elaborative rehearsal, which suggests that the more connections or associations we make with new information and our existing knowledge, the easier it becomes to remember and retrieve that information later on. Therefore, as we acquire more information and knowledge, we are able to better integrate and relate new information to what we already know, leading to easier encoding and retrieval in the future.

Question 19

Your roommate calls out ten items for you to get at the grocery store on your way back from class.Regarding how short-term memories are encoded, if you were asked to get ham and soap, you are most likely to mistakenly bring back
A)jam and soup.
B)roast beef and stew.
C)hot dogs and buns.
D)bologna and detergent.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memories are often encoded based on sound, so "ham and soap" might be confused with "jam and soup" due to their phonetic similarity.

Question 20

The memory system used for relatively permanent storage of meaningful information is called _____ memory.
A)sensory
B)short-term
C)long-term
D)eidetic

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is used for relatively permanent storage of meaningful information, whereas sensory memory only holds information briefly and short-term memory is used for temporary storage of information. Eidetic memory, also known as photographic memory, is a rare ability to vividly recall visual images.

Quiz 8: Extension A: Memory

Regarding short-term memory (STM) , which of the following statements is FALSE?

The critical factor determining whether information goes from short-term memory to long-term memory is its

When STM is combined with other mental processes, it provides an area of

Short-term memory is similar to a

Another name for short-term memory, especially as it is used for thinking and problem-solving is _____ memory.

Someone leaves a phone number on your answering machine.You repeat the number to yourself as you start to dial.Then, the doorbell rings, and you rush to see who is there.When you return to the phone, you have completely forgotten the number.This illustrates how interference affects _____ memory.

Whenever you are doing mental arithmetic, planning a meal, or reading a book, you are using

Earlier in the day, you ate breakfast at The Pine Tree Cafe.You are trying to tell a friend about this restaurant, but you can't quite recall the name.You will most likely call the restaurant

The meaning and importance of information has the strongest impact on _____ memory.

Information in long-term memory is generally stored on the basis of

The storage capacity of long-term memory is best described as

Regarding short-term memory (STM) , which of the following statements is TRUE?

Working memory is a part of which memory system?

You are introduced to Tim and Gina.Later when you see them, you cannot remember their names.If you try to guess their names, which of the following would most likely be your guess, considering how information is stored in short-term memory?

Sydney would be described as having a wealth of knowledge.She is constantly reading about many diverse subjects.Heather has not read a book since her senior year in college and rarely watches the news to keep up with national or international events.Regarding research on memory, we would expect

The more information you learn, the easier it becomes

Your roommate calls out ten items for you to get at the grocery store on your way back from class.Regarding how short-term memories are encoded, if you were asked to get ham and soap, you are most likely to mistakenly bring back

The memory system used for relatively permanent storage of meaningful information is called _____ memory.