Question 1

What percentage of U.S.adults suffer from schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), approximately 1% of the U.S. adult population has schizophrenia.

Question 2

A person rejects society's cultural goals but decides to continue working in a minimum-wage job without looking for opportunities to improve his skills or standing in the society.According to Merton's strain theory,the person's response to the strain falls under the category of ________.

Accepted Answer

The person's response of continuing to work in a minimum-wage job without seeking opportunities for improvement is an example of ritualism, which is when an individual rejects the cultural goals but still adheres to the traditional means of achieving them. The person is not innovating or finding alternative ways to achieve success, nor are they retreating from society altogether. They are still conforming to the expectations of society in terms of having a job and working, but not striving to achieve higher goals or aspirations.

Question 3

A person accepts society's cultural goals and decides to continue working in his current job to achieve the goals.According to Merton's strain theory,the person's response to the strain falls under the category of ________.

Accepted Answer

The person is accepting of society's cultural goals and is choosing to continue working to achieve them, which aligns with conformity in Merton's strain theory.

Question 4

A person rejects society's cultural goals,lacks the means to achieve them,and responds to the resulting strain by basically dropping out of the race and ceasing to try to succeed.According to Merton's strain theory,this person falls under the response category of ________.

Accepted Answer

Retreatism is the response category in Merton's strain theory that describes a person who rejects society's cultural goals, lacks the means to achieve them, and responds to the resulting strain by dropping out of the race and ceasing to try to succeed. This person retreats from both the goals and the means of mainstream society, and may turn to alternative lifestyles such as drug use or homelessness.

Question 5

A person accepts society's cultural goals but lacks the institutional means to achieve them.Hence,he devises a new way to achieve the goals.According to Merton's strain theory,the person's response to the strain falls under the category of ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Merton's strain theory, when an individual accepts society's cultural goals but lacks the institutional means to achieve them, they may resort to innovation, which involves using unconventional or criminal means to attain the desired goals. Therefore, innovation is the best choice.

Question 6

Kate has her first child.Although Kate does not have a history of mental illness,she begins to feel very depressed after having the baby.As the depression worsens,she gets paranoid and starts believing that the devil has possessed her baby.She begins to believe that she must do something drastic to stop the devil from taking her baby's soul to hell.In this scenario,Kate is suffering from ________.

Accepted Answer

Kate's symptoms are indicative of postpartum psychosis, a rare but serious mental illness that can occur in women after giving birth. Symptoms may include delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and suicidal or homicidal thoughts. It is important for Kate to seek immediate medical attention.

Question 7

Martha accidently breaks a plate while doing the dishes.The last time this happened,her husband,Ryan,had abused her and thrown a plate on her face.Martha gets scared that Ryan might kill her this time even though he is actually sleeping in the other room and is unaware of the incident.Martha is most likely suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Martha's reaction is indicative of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. In this case, the traumatic event was the abuse she suffered from her husband that has caused her to be fearful of his reaction, even when he is not aware of what has happened. Schizophrenia, depression, and psychopathy are not relevant to the scenario described.

Question 8

According to Freud,which of the following is NOT a part of the human brain?

Accepted Answer

While Freud did propose the idea of the Id, Ego, and Superego as parts of the human psyche, he did not refer to the Superid. It is likely that this is a typographical error and that the intended answer was actually C) Superego.

Question 9

What percentage of U.S.adults suffer from a major depressive disorder that is marked with feelings like guilt and worthlessness?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 6% of U.S. adults suffer from a major depressive disorder that includes feelings such as guilt and worthlessness. This statistic highlights the prevalence of this mental health condition in the adult population.

Question 10

According to Freud,which part of the human brain constitutes the moral aspect of personality,or conscience,and internally judges one's actions based on principles of right and wrong?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the superego represents the moral aspect of personality or conscience, and it internally judges one's actions based on principles of right and wrong. It operates on the morality principle and strives for perfection, often leading to feelings of guilt when one's actions do not align with its strict standards.

Question 11

When Alex turned 14,he started hanging out with a new group of kids.These kids were on drugs most of the time and stole money from the stores in the neighborhood.Alex noticed that they never seemed to get caught or face any negative consequences for these actions.After gaining enough confidence,Alex shoplifted some items from a store.Which of the following theories best explains Alex's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Alex's behavior can be best explained by the social learning theory, which suggests that behavior is learned through observation and imitation of others. In this case, Alex observed the behavior of his peers who were engaging in criminal activities and eventually imitated the same behavior.

Question 12

Andre lives in an impoverished neighborhood and wants to be successful,powerful,and wealthy.He does not have the means to go to college,and no one in his family has been to college.He is struggling in his high school and does not have anyone to help him with his school work.He finally begins to sell drugs in the neighborhood.In 6 months,he earns enough to buy a house and a car.Which of the following concepts best explains the reasons why Andre commits the crime mentioned above?

Accepted Answer

Andre's desire for success, power, and wealth is his goal, but he does not have the means to achieve it through legal ways due to his impoverished background and lack of access to higher education. Therefore, he turns to selling drugs as a means to achieve his goals, reflecting a goals-means disjunction.

Question 13

According to Freud,which part of the brain is associated with unconscious drives that demand pleasure and instant gratification?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the Id is the part of the unconscious mind that contains our primitive and instinctual drives, seeking pleasure and instant gratification. The Id operates based on the pleasure principle, which demands immediate satisfaction of its needs and desires without concern for morality, social norms, or consequences.

Question 14

A young boy who has never committed a crime is often called "criminal" because of his looks,attitude,and lack of interpersonal skills.His classmates and teachers consider him to be a bad seed who is more likely to commit serious crimes.As a result of this societal condemnation,the boy begins to commit minor offenses and slowly moves toward committing serious crimes.The boy has experienced a process called:

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes a situation where the boy is labeled as a "criminal" by his peers and teachers, despite never having committed a crime. This labeling can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy where the boy internalizes the label and begins to act in ways that align with it. This process is known as labeling theory. Option A, tagging, refers to when individuals apply a label to themselves, such as a political activist or an athlete. Option B, innovation, refers to the process of using unconventional means to achieve goals. Option D, conformism, is the act of following societal norms and expectations.

Question 15

According to Freud,which part of the brain incorporates conscious thoughts that cope with the demands of reality?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the ego is the part of the brain that incorporates conscious thoughts that cope with the demands of reality. It operates based on the reality principle, which means it seeks to satisfy the wishes of the id in a way that is realistic and socially appropriate. The superego represents the internalized societal and parental standards of conduct, while the id contains instinctual and primitive drives.

Question 16

Sally is a good student and does not get into trouble.After her father gets killed in a car accident,she gets upset and starts exhibiting patterns of violent behavior.Which of the following theories best explains Sally's shift in behavior?

Accepted Answer

Strain theory explains Sally's shift in behavior as it suggests that people may turn to deviance when they experience strain or stress. In Sally's case, the tragic loss of her father could be the source of strain that leads to her violent behavior.

Question 17

Albert is a spiritual man and believes in leading a crime-free life.After losing his day job,he is unable to pay his bills or support his family.After a few days,he gets frustrated and robs a store at gunpoint.Which of the following theories best explains Albert's shift in behavior?

Accepted Answer

Strain theory suggests that individuals may engage in criminal behavior as a result of the stress and frustration caused by their inability to achieve their goals or meet their basic needs. In this scenario, Albert's inability to support his family and pay his bills has led to his frustration, which ultimately led to his decision to rob the store.

Question 18

Fred gets arrested for an aggravated assault he commits in a fit of anger.He is first considered a defendant,found guilty by a jury,and then labeled a criminal in the system.After this,Fred accepts his act as being wrong and begins to think of himself as an evil person.In this scenario,Fred has experienced a phenomenon called:

Accepted Answer

Fred has experienced the phenomenon known as tagging, where a person is labeled as a criminal by the justice system and then begins to internalize this identity, leading to potential negative impacts on their self-concept and behavior.

Question 19

Which of the following is a disorder of personality revealed by a lifelong pattern of antisocial behavior about which the individual has no remorse?

Accepted Answer

The disorder described is psychopathy, which is characterized by a lack of empathy and remorse, and a tendency towards antisocial behavior. Postpartum psychosis is a severe form of depression that occurs in some women after giving birth. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness and hopelessness. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking.

Question 20

Émile Durkheim's term to describe feelings of alienation or a condition that renders a person hopeless,rootless,cut off,alienated,disillusioned,and frustrated is:

Accepted Answer

Émile Durkheim coined the term "anomie" to describe a sense of normlessness or a breakdown in social values that can lead to feelings of alienation and hopelessness. Anomie can occur when individuals feel disconnected from their community or when social norms and expectations become unclear or contradictory.

Quiz 3: Causes of Crime