Question 1

According to the text,children become able to classify objects according to two dimensions,such as color and shape,around the age of
A) 18 months.
B) 2 years.
C) 3 years.
D) 4 years.

Accepted Answer

Children typically develop the ability to classify objects according to two dimensions, such as color and shape, around the age of 4 years. This cognitive skill reflects their growing understanding of the world and ability to engage in more complex thought processes.

Question 2

Little Vincent holds up his mother's broom and says,"With this sword,I am really a knight!" Vincent is engaged in
A) pretend play.
B) acting out.
C) rough-and-tumble play.
D) object permanence.

Accepted Answer

Vincent's statement and actions demonstrate pretend play, in which a child uses their imagination to assign meaning to objects and engage in make-believe scenarios. Vincent is pretending that the broom is a sword and that he is a knight.

Question 3

Environmental health steps to prevent lead poisoning include all of the following EXCEPT
A) removal of lead from paints and gasoline.
B) screening of residents in areas where the majority of the houses were built before 1950.
C) closing school buildings.
D) encouraging parents to remove chipping or peeling paints in their homes.

Accepted Answer

Closing school buildings is not a step that can prevent lead poisoning. The other options listed are effective measures to prevent lead poisoning, such as removing lead from paints and gasoline, screening residents in high-risk areas, and encouraging parents to remove chipping or peeling paints in their homes.

Question 4

At about the age of ___,children are able to understand the relationship between pictures,maps,and scale models and that the objects are spaces they represent.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Accepted Answer

The answer of At about the age of ___,children are...

Question 5

Many poor children do not get adequate medical care because
A) they don't need it.
B) their parents don't care.
C) their families don't have medical insurance.
D) their families move so often.

Accepted Answer

The lack of medical insurance is a major barrier for poor families to access medical care. Without insurance, the cost of medical care can be prohibitively expensive and families may have to choose between necessities like food and rent or medical care for their children.

Question 6

Nick was feeling angry at his little brother,and at about the same time,Nick's little brother came down with a bad case of the stomach flu.Nick was worried that his anger caused his brother to get sick.According to Piaget,Nick is demonstrating _____________ reasoning.
A) intuitive
B) centrated
C) transductive
D) irreversible

Accepted Answer

Transductive reasoning is characteristic of the preoperational stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, where children believe that their thoughts, feelings, or actions can cause unrelated outcomes.

Question 7

Young children involved in pretend play are demonstrating
A) object permanence.
B) association.
C) centration.
D) symbolic function.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic function is the ability to use symbols, such as words or images, to represent objects or ideas. Pretend play involves using objects or actions to represent something else, which demonstrates symbolic function. Children who engage in pretend play are able to use their imagination and create their own imaginary world, which involves using symbolic function.

Question 8

The proportion of children living in poverty in the United States is
A) 1 in 5.
B) 2 in 5.
C) 3 in 5.
D) 4 in 5.

Accepted Answer

According to the latest data from the US Census Bureau, the poverty rate for children under age 18 was 17.2% in 2019, which translates to approximately 1 in 5 children living in poverty in the United States. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 9

According to Piaget,deferred imitation requires the use of
A) symbolic functioning.
B) formal operational thought.
C) concrete operational thought.
D) seriation.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, deferred imitation, which involves the ability to imitate a behavior after a delay, requires the use of symbolic functioning. This means that the child must be able to represent the behavior in their mind as a symbol (such as a mental image or word) and then retrieve that symbol later to imitate the behavior. This ability typically emerges in the sensorimotor stage around 18-24 months of age.

Question 10

When children repeat an action that they saw someone else perform at an earlier time,they are demonstrating
A) deferred imitation.
B) symbolic play.
C) evidence of the sensorimotor stage.
D) recognition memory.

Accepted Answer

When children repeat an action that they saw someone else perform at an earlier time, they are demonstrating deferred imitation.

Question 11

Natasha is 5 years old.She is probably in which of Piaget's stages?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete operations
D) Formal operations

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the preoperational stage lasts from the ages of 2-7 years old. During this stage, children's thinking is characterized by egocentrism, animism, and magical thinking. They are not yet able to think logically and have difficulty with understanding conservation, classification, and cause and effect relationships. Therefore, since Natasha is 5 years old, she is likely in the preoperational stage.

Question 12

One theory about the increase in food allergies among children is
A) the environment is too dirty and kids react to it.
B) there are more fresh and organic foods available.
C) the foods tend to be less processed than in the past.
D) the environment might be too clean, and children's immune systems do not develop.

Accepted Answer

The hygiene hypothesis suggests that exposure to infectious agents and microbial organisms in early childhood helps to train and regulate the immune system. Overly sterile environments may contribute to the development of allergies by preventing the immune system from developing properly.

Question 13

Kelly broke a lamp and was told that she had been bad.Later that evening,she was told that her parents were getting a divorce.She thought that her breaking the lamp had caused the divorce.This is an example of what kind of reasoning?
A) Deductive
B) Inductive
C) Transductive
D) Reductive

Accepted Answer

This is an example of transductive reasoning, where Kelly makes a causal link between two unrelated events.

Question 14

Anne's father is going to a Halloween party.He comes into her room dressed in a gorilla suit and says,"Hi,sweetheart!" Anne says,"Oh,Daddy,it's you!" Anne's behavior reflects her understanding of
A) identities.
B) centration.
C) symbolic play.
D) imagery.

Accepted Answer

Anne recognizes her father despite his disguise, indicating that she understands his true identity. This demonstrates her ability to understand the concept of identities.

Question 15

When children make an object stand for or represent something else,they are using
A) deferred imitation.
B) pretend play.
C) recall memory.
D) recognition memory.

Accepted Answer

Pretend play is when children use objects to represent something else, which is also known as symbolic play. Deferred imitation is when children imitate someone else's actions at a later time, recall memory is the ability to remember past events, and recognition memory is the ability to recognize previously encountered stimuli.

Question 16

Miranda and her uncle see an interesting new car drive by.Later,after the car has gone,her uncle asks if she remembers the neat thing they saw minutes before.Miranda says,"Yes,we saw a car." Miranda is demonstrating
A) deferred imitation.
B) symbolic function.
C) recognition memory.
D) conservation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Miranda and her uncle see an interesting...

Question 17

The symbolic function allows young children to
A) think about things they can see.
B) refer to mental representations of objects they have seen before.
C) think abstractly.
D) think logically.

Accepted Answer

The symbolic function involves the ability to create mental symbols or representations of objects that may not be present in a child's immediate environment. This allows them to use these mental symbols to refer to these objects and manipulate them in their minds, even without the physical presence of the objects themselves. This is a precursor to abstract thinking, but is not quite the same as thinking abstractly. Logical reasoning may also develop alongside the symbolic function, but this is not the primary function of this developmental stage.

Question 18

Some children playing in the yard are pretending to bake cookies.One child gathers up some disk-shaped rocks and says,"Here are the cookies I made!" This child is engaged in
A) sensorimotor play.
B) deferred recognition.
C) pretend play.
D) conservational play.

Accepted Answer

The child pretending to bake cookies using disk-shaped rocks is engaging in pretend play, which involves pretending to be someone or something else and exploring imaginary scenarios.

Question 19

Three-year-old Ben is pretending to build a birdhouse with some pieces of wood lying in the yard.Suddenly,Ben says,"I need a hammer to fix this," even when there is no hammer present.According to Piaget,Ben has entered the
A) sensorimotor stage.
B) concrete operations stage.
C) formal operations stage.
D) preoperational stage.

Accepted Answer

Ben's behavior of pretending and using symbols (referring to a hammer even when it's not physically present) reflects the preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory, which typically spans from 2 to 7 years old. During this stage, children engage in symbolic play and use mental representation, but their thinking is not yet logical or concrete.

Question 20

Marsha watches her mother bathe the new baby.The next morning she gets her doll and a pail of water and bathes her "baby." Marsha is showing
A) deferred imitation.
B) symbolic-function.
C) centration.
D) conservation.

Accepted Answer

Marsha is demonstrating deferred imitation, which means she is imitating a behavior she observed at a different time. She watched her mother bathe the baby, and later imitated this behavior with her doll and water. This shows that Marsha is able to remember and replicate actions she has seen before, which is a key aspect of deferred imitation. Symbolic-function, centration, and conservation are not demonstrated in this scenario.

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

According to the text,children become able to classify objects according to two dimensions,such as color and shape,around the age of

Little Vincent holds up his mother's broom and says,"With this sword,I am really a knight!" Vincent is engaged in

Environmental health steps to prevent lead poisoning include all of the following EXCEPT

At about the age of ___,children are able to understand the relationship between pictures,maps,and scale models and that the objects are spaces they represent.

Many poor children do not get adequate medical care because

Nick was feeling angry at his little brother,and at about the same time,Nick's little brother came down with a bad case of the stomach flu.Nick was worried that his anger caused his brother to get sick.According to Piaget,Nick is demonstrating _____________ reasoning.

Young children involved in pretend play are demonstrating

The proportion of children living in poverty in the United States is

According to Piaget,deferred imitation requires the use of

When children repeat an action that they saw someone else perform at an earlier time,they are demonstrating

Natasha is 5 years old.She is probably in which of Piaget's stages?

One theory about the increase in food allergies among children is

Kelly broke a lamp and was told that she had been bad.Later that evening,she was told that her parents were getting a divorce.She thought that her breaking the lamp had caused the divorce.This is an example of what kind of reasoning?

Anne's father is going to a Halloween party.He comes into her room dressed in a gorilla suit and says,"Hi,sweetheart!" Anne says,"Oh,Daddy,it's you!" Anne's behavior reflects her understanding of

When children make an object stand for or represent something else,they are using

Miranda and her uncle see an interesting new car drive by.Later,after the car has gone,her uncle asks if she remembers the neat thing they saw minutes before.Miranda says,"Yes,we saw a car." Miranda is demonstrating

The symbolic function allows young children to

Some children playing in the yard are pretending to bake cookies.One child gathers up some disk-shaped rocks and says,"Here are the cookies I made!" This child is engaged in

Three-year-old Ben is pretending to build a birdhouse with some pieces of wood lying in the yard.Suddenly,Ben says,"I need a hammer to fix this," even when there is no hammer present.According to Piaget,Ben has entered the

Marsha watches her mother bathe the new baby.The next morning she gets her doll and a pail of water and bathes her "baby." Marsha is showing