Question 1

Goal commitment is the extent to which a goal is challenging and requires effort.

Accepted Answer

Goal commitment refers to the level of attachment and determination an individual has towards achieving a goal, not to how challenging or effortful the goal is.

Question 2

The goal-setting theory of motivation assumes that behavior is a result of conscious goals and intentions.

Accepted Answer

The goal-setting theory of motivation is based on the idea that individuals set goals for themselves and work towards achieving them, which influences their behavior. This theory assumes that behavior is a result of conscious goals and intentions.

Question 3

The two methods of increasing the frequency of a behavior are positive reinforcement and extinction.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement increases the frequency of a behavior by adding a desirable stimulus after the behavior, while extinction decreases the frequency of a behavior by removing the reinforcement that was maintaining the behavior. Negative reinforcement, not extinction, is another method that increases behavior by removing an aversive stimulus after the behavior occurs.

Question 4

Individual performance is generally determined by three things: skills,pay,and friends.

Accepted Answer

There are many factors that can impact individual performance, such as motivation, work environment, resources and support, and personal characteristics. While skills and pay can be significant factors, the idea that friends have a direct impact on individual performance is not supported by research or evidence.

Question 5

The hierarchy of needs theory suggests that more than one level of need can cause motivation at the same time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hierarchy of needs theory suggests that...

Question 6

The two methods of reducing the frequency of behavior are punishment and avoidance.

Accepted Answer

The two primary methods of reducing the frequency of behavior are punishment and extinction, not avoidance. Punishment involves applying an adverse stimulus following an unwanted behavior, while extinction involves removing a reinforcing stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior's recurrence. Avoidance is a strategy to prevent the occurrence of an unwanted outcome, but it is not directly a method of reducing the frequency of behavior in the same way as punishment and extinction.

Question 7

Performance based rewards violates the equity theory.

Accepted Answer

Performance based rewards do not necessarily violate equity theory if employees believe that their effort and performance are directly linked to their rewards and that they are being compared fairly to others in terms of their contributions. However, if the system is perceived as unfair or if some employees receive disproportionate rewards for similar contributions, it may violate equity theory.

Question 8

The desire to influence others is the need for power.

Accepted Answer

The desire to influence others is one of the main characteristics of the need for power. People who seek power often want to be able to control or direct the actions of others, and they may do so by using different tactics, such as persuasion or coercion. However, it's worth noting that not all individuals who desire power do so for negative reasons. Some may seek power in order to make positive changes in society or to help others, for example.

Question 9

Goal-setting theory can be used to implement both expectancy and equity theory concepts.

Accepted Answer

Goal-setting theory focuses on setting specific and challenging goals, which can increase individuals' expectancy to achieve those goals. Additionally, the theory emphasizes the importance of providing equity in goal-setting by ensuring that the goals are fair and achievable for everyone involved. Thus, the theory can be used to implement both expectancy and equity theory concepts.

Question 10

The goal for the manager is to maximize the likelihood an employee will choose to work as hard as possible at a job.

Accepted Answer

This is true as a manager's goal is often to motivate employees to perform at their best and achieve optimal productivity.

Question 11

Abraham Maslow was a traditionalist.

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow was known for his humanistic and holistic approach to psychology, which countered traditional behaviorist and psychoanalytic perspectives. He emphasized the importance of self-actualization and personal growth in individuals, which was a departure from traditional views that focused on psychopathology and abnormal behavior.

Question 12

John feels excluded,like he is always the last to know things at work.He is not meeting his esteem needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of John feels excluded,like he is always the...

Question 13

Process perspectives are concerned with how motivation occurs.

Accepted Answer

Process perspectives focus on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes that lead to motivation.

Question 14

When actors are playing a part,they try to determine what causes a character to behave in a certain way.The actor is searching for the character's motivation.

Accepted Answer

Actors do try to determine the motivation behind a character's behavior in order to accurately portray the role.

Question 15

The historical perspectives on motivation are the traditional,human relations,and contingency approaches.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The historical perspectives on motivation are the...

Question 16

The human relations view assumes that the contributions themselves are valuable to both individuals and organizations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The human relations view assumes that the...

Question 17

Achievement and recognition are hygiene factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory.

Accepted Answer

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, achievement and recognition are considered motivators, not hygiene factors. Hygiene factors include things like salary, working conditions, and job security, which, when adequate, prevent dissatisfaction, but when inadequate, can lead to dissatisfaction.

Question 18

People with a high need for power have a desire to assume personal responsibility,a tendency to set moderately difficult goals,a desire for specific and immediate feedback,and a preoccupation with their task.

Accepted Answer

The description provided aligns more closely with individuals who have a high need for achievement, not power. People with a high need for power are more focused on influencing others and gaining control.

Question 19

Reinforcement perspectives explain the role of those rewards as they cause behavior to change or remain the same over time.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement perspectives posit that rewards play a crucial role in shaping and maintaining behavior over time. Rewards serve as positive reinforcers, increasing the likelihood that a behavior will occur again in the future. They are used to incentivize desirable behaviors and can be tangible (e.g. money, prizes) or intangible (e.g. praise, recognition).

Question 20

Reinforcement schedules based on behaviors are called ratio reinforcement schedules.

Accepted Answer

Ratio reinforcement schedules are based on the frequency, number or rate of responses emitted by the subject. These schedules include fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval and variable interval.

Quiz 16: Managing Employee Motivation and Performance