Question 1

The _____ model of decision making occurs when decision makers make small decisions and move in piecemeal fashion toward a bigger solution.

Accepted Answer

The incremental model of decision making occurs when decision makers make small decisions,take little steps,move cautiously,and move in piecemeal fashion toward a bigger solution.The classic example is the budget process,which traditionally begins with the budget from the previous period and makes incremental decisions from that starting point.

Question 2

In trying to make a conflict between two employees less personal and emotional,their manager asks each of them to approach the problem from a different viewpoint than their original one.This is an example of encouraging the use of _____.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive conflict refers to issue-based differences in perspectives or judgments.In this case,the manager is trying to help the employees see the other side of the conflict by requiring them to approach the problem from the other's view.

Question 3

The _____ model of decision making arises when two or more groups form,each representing a different preference,and each tries to use power and negotiation to sway the decision.

Accepted Answer

The coalitional model of decision making arises when people disagree on goals or compete with one another for resources.The process becomes political as groups of individuals band together in coalitions,each representing a different preference,and each tries to use power and negotiations to sway the decision.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about creativity is true?

Accepted Answer

Creativity can occur when new things are brought into being (creation),two previously unrelated things are joined (synthesis),or something is improved or given a new application (modification).

Question 5

Which of the following is an element of an effective plan for crisis management?

Accepted Answer

An effective plan for crisis management should include the following elements: (1)strategic actions,(2)technical and structural actions,(3)evaluation and diagnostic actions,(4)communication actions,(5)psychological and cultural actions.

Question 6

_____ is the concept that decision makers cannot be truly rational because decisions are complex and complete information is unavailable.

Accepted Answer

Bounded rationality is a less-than-perfect form of rationality in which decision makers cannot be perfectly rational because decisions are complex,and complete information is unavailable or cannot be fully processed.

Question 7

Phil,the manager of a consulting firm,realizes that during meetings,there is a strong inhibition about disagreeing,but when conflicts arise,they become personal and emotional.Phil has therefore assigned Trisha,a colleague,the task of pointing out problems and criticizing ideas to ensure that their downsides are fully explored.Which of the following best describes the procedure used in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A devil's advocate has the job of criticizing ideas to ensure that their downsides are fully explored.This is the role assigned to Trisha in the given scenario.

Question 8

A process in which group members generate as many ideas about a problem as they can is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A common technique used to elicit creative ideas is brainstorming.It is a process in which group members generate as many ideas about a problem as they can.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the dialectic method of managing group decision making?

Accepted Answer

An alternative to devil's advocacy is the dialectic.The dialectic goes a step beyond devil's advocacy by requiring a structured debate between two conflicting courses of action.

Question 10

Sasha leads a research team of engineers.She found herself in the midst of a battle between coalitions,each with its own solution to a challenge the team faced.Which of the following actions is best suited for the given scenario?

Accepted Answer

Organizational politics,in which people try to influence organizational decisions so that their own interests will be served,can reduce decision-making effectiveness.One of the best ways to reduce such politics is to create common goals for members of the team-that is,make the decision-making process a collaborative,rather than a competitive,exercise by establishing a goal around which the group can rally.

Question 11

Which of the following is the most constructive type of conflict?

Accepted Answer

The most constructive type of conflict is cognitive conflict,or differences in perspectives or judgments about issues.Cognitive conflict can air legitimate differences of opinion and develop better ideas and problem solutions.

Question 12

In order to be creative,a brainstorming session must:

Accepted Answer

When brainstorming,the group is encouraged to say anything that comes to mind,with one exception: no criticism of other people or their ideas is allowed.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about decision making in a crisis is true?

Accepted Answer

In crises,managers must make decisions under a great deal of pressure.An effective plan for crisis management (CM)should include strategic actions,such as integrating CM into strategic planning and official policies.

Question 14

Leaders of decision-making groups should _____.

Accepted Answer

A leader should avoid dominating a discussion or allowing another individual to dominate.Less vocal group members should be encouraged to air their opinions and suggestions,and all members should be asked for dissenting viewpoints.

Question 15

A condition that occurs when a decision-making group loses sight of its original goal and a new,possibly less important,goal emerges is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The goal of group members should be to come up with the best possible solution to a problem.But when goal displacement occurs,new goals emerge to replace the original ones.Winning an argument becomes the new goal.

Question 16

Emotional disagreement directed toward other people is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Affective conflict is emotional and directed at other people.Affective conflict is likely to be destructive to the group because it can lead to anger,bitterness,goal displacement,and lower-quality decisions.

Question 17

_____ occurs when a group member is more interested in winning an argument than solving a problem.

Accepted Answer

The goal of group members should be to come up with the best possible solution to a problem.But when goal displacement occurs,new goals emerge to replace the original ones.Winning an argument becomes the new goal.

Question 18

_____ model of organizational decision making depicts a chaotic process and seemingly random decisions.

Accepted Answer

Garbage can model is a model of decision making depicting a chaotic process and seemingly random decisions.The garbage can model of decision making occurs when people aren't sure of their goals,or disagree about the goals,and likewise are unsure of or in disagreement about what to do.

Question 19

Issue-based differences in perspectives or judgments is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The most constructive type of conflict is cognitive conflict,or differences in perspectives or judgments about issues.

Question 20

Two employees in an organization constantly disagree with each other.Lately,the arguments have become personal,leading to anger and bitterness,and this has begun to impact the whole work group.Which of the following best describes the given scenario?

Accepted Answer

Affective conflict is emotional and directed at other people.Affective conflict is likely to be destructive to the group because it can lead to anger,bitterness,goal displacement,and lower-quality decisions.

Quiz 3: Managerial Decision Making

The _____ model of decision making occurs when decision makers make small decisions and move in piecemeal fashion toward a bigger solution.

In trying to make a conflict between two employees less personal and emotional,their manager asks each of them to approach the problem from a different viewpoint than their original one.This is an example of encouraging the use of _____.

The _____ model of decision making arises when two or more groups form,each representing a different preference,and each tries to use power and negotiation to sway the decision.

Which of the following statements about creativity is true?

Which of the following is an element of an effective plan for crisis management?

_____ is the concept that decision makers cannot be truly rational because decisions are complex and complete information is unavailable.

A process in which group members generate as many ideas about a problem as they can is called _____.

Which of the following best describes the dialectic method of managing group decision making?

Sasha leads a research team of engineers.She found herself in the midst of a battle between coalitions,each with its own solution to a challenge the team faced.Which of the following actions is best suited for the given scenario?

Which of the following is the most constructive type of conflict?

In order to be creative,a brainstorming session must:

Which of the following statements about decision making in a crisis is true?

Leaders of decision-making groups should _____.

A condition that occurs when a decision-making group loses sight of its original goal and a new,possibly less important,goal emerges is known as _____.

Emotional disagreement directed toward other people is known as _____.

_____ occurs when a group member is more interested in winning an argument than solving a problem.

_____ model of organizational decision making depicts a chaotic process and seemingly random decisions.

Issue-based differences in perspectives or judgments is known as _____.

Two employees in an organization constantly disagree with each other.Lately,the arguments have become personal,leading to anger and bitterness,and this has begun to impact the whole work group.Which of the following best describes the given scenario?