Question 1

A phenomenon that occurs in decision making when group members avoid disagreement as they strive for consensus is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Pressure to avoid disagreement can lead to a phenomenon called groupthink.It occurs when people choose not to disagree or raise objections because they don't want to break up a positive team spirit.They want to think as one,tolerate no dissent,and strive to remain cordial.

Question 2

_____ is an advantage of using a group for decision making.

Accepted Answer

Group discussion provides an opportunity for intellectual stimulation,and it can get people thinking and unleash their creativity to a far greater extent than would be possible with individual decision making.

Question 3

Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decisions?

Accepted Answer

Satisficing is more likely with groups.Most people don't like meetings and will do what they can to end them.This may include criticizing members who want to continue exploring new and better alternatives.The result is a satisficing rather than an optimizing or maximizing decision.

Question 4

Real-time information is information that:

Accepted Answer

Instead of relying on old data,long-range planning,and futuristic forecasts,managers should focus on real-time information: current information obtained with little or no time delay.

Question 5

Negative feedback received during the final evaluation of the decision either means that implementation will require more time or _____.

Accepted Answer

Decision evaluation is useful whether the conclusion is positive or negative.Negative feedback means that either (1)implementation will require more time,resources,effort,or thought or (2)the decision was a bad one.

Question 6

Nicole,a manager at Purple Lotus Inc. ,was disappointed with her team's discussion regarding next year's marketing campaign.Adam,a fellow manager,pushed all his ideas through;they were good,but nobody else got a word in or had the opportunity to share.This group experienced _____.

Accepted Answer

Individual dominance refers to a strong group member who makes his or her preferences clear as Adam did,with the result being the same as it would be if Adam made the decision alone.

Question 7

Each morning,OfficeMax's CEO has a computer-based conference with all store managers.The previous day's data and challenges are discussed so that problems can be quickly and effectively resolved or even avoided.In this case,OfficeMax is utilizing _____ to retain a competitive edge.

Accepted Answer

Managers under time pressure can make decisions that are timely and of high quality in part by using real-time information.The CEO of Office Max is relying on frontline managers for real-time information to stay competitive.

Question 8

Which of the following is a decision bias influenced by the way in which a problem or decision alternative is phrased or presented?

Accepted Answer

Framing effects refers to a decision bias influenced by the way in which a problem or decision alternative is phrased or presented and how these subjective influences can override objective facts.

Question 9

Groups that operate under a condition known as groupthink are likely to be _____.

Accepted Answer

Pressure to avoid disagreement can lead to a phenomenon called groupthink.It occurs when people choose not to disagree or raise objections because they don't want to break up a positive team spirit.They want to think as one,tolerate no dissent,and strive to remain cordial.

Question 10

Vigilance in decision making means the:

Accepted Answer

Vigilance occurs when the decision makers carefully and conscientiously execute all six phases of decision making,including making provisions for implementation and evaluation.

Question 11

Which of the following is the best example of a manager discounting the future?

Accepted Answer

Often decision makers discount the future.That is,in their evaluation of alternatives,they weigh short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term costs and benefits.

Question 12

Illusion of control,discounting the future,and framing effects are all examples of _____.

Accepted Answer

People have biases that interfere with objective rationality.Illusion of control,discounting the future,and framing effects represent only a few of the many documented subjective psychological biases in decision making.

Question 13

Allowing one person to control a discussion or decision is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Sometimes one group member dominates the discussion.When this occurs,such as when a strong leader makes his or her preferences clear,the result is the same as it would be if the dominant individual made the decision alone.This explains individual dominance.

Question 14

The psychological bias known as "illusion of control" refers to a belief that:

Accepted Answer

The illusion of control is a belief that one can influence events even when one has no control over what will happen.In business,such overconfidence can lead to failure because decision makers ignore risks and fail to objectively evaluate the odds of success.

Question 15

Discounting the future refers to:

Accepted Answer

Often decision makers discount the future.That is,in their evaluation of alternatives,they weigh short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term costs and benefits.

Question 16

Jake Tree Farm in Kansas is looking for ways to be more environment-friendly.Managers interviewed frontline staff to get their opinions and ideas,and they invited everyone to participate in deciding which ideas to advance.Staff members were then aware of the various options and recognized the benefits and costs of each.In this scenario,involving the staff has helped the organization to _____.

Accepted Answer

People who participate in a group discussion are more likely to understand why the decision was made.They will have heard the relevant arguments both for the chosen alternative and against the rejected alternatives.

Question 17

Which of the following involves weighting short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term costs and benefits?

Accepted Answer

Often decision makers discount the future.That is,in their evaluation of alternatives,they weigh short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term costs and benefits.

Question 18

When a group accepts an alternative that seems to please the members of the group,but the group has not taken the time or effort to explore many options,the group has _____.

Accepted Answer

Pressure to avoid disagreement can lead to a phenomenon called groupthink.It occurs when people choose not to disagree or raise objections because they don't want to break up a positive team spirit.They want to think as one,tolerate no dissent,and strive to remain cordial.

Question 19

When business managers fail to objectively evaluate the odds of success for their decisions and believe that they can influence the events that follow a decision,it is an example of which of the following psychological biases?

Accepted Answer

The illusion of control is a belief that one can influence events even when one has no control over what will happen.In business,such overconfidence can lead to failure because decision makers ignore risks and fail to objectively evaluate the odds of success.

Question 20

The final phase in the decision-making process is _____.

Accepted Answer

The final stage in the decision-making process is evaluating the decision.It involves collecting information on how well the decision is working.

Quiz 3: Managerial Decision Making

A phenomenon that occurs in decision making when group members avoid disagreement as they strive for consensus is known as _____.

_____ is an advantage of using a group for decision making.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decisions?

Real-time information is information that:

Negative feedback received during the final evaluation of the decision either means that implementation will require more time or _____.

Nicole,a manager at Purple Lotus Inc. ,was disappointed with her team's discussion regarding next year's marketing campaign.Adam,a fellow manager,pushed all his ideas through;they were good,but nobody else got a word in or had the opportunity to share.This group experienced _____.

Each morning,OfficeMax's CEO has a computer-based conference with all store managers.The previous day's data and challenges are discussed so that problems can be quickly and effectively resolved or even avoided.In this case,OfficeMax is utilizing _____ to retain a competitive edge.

Which of the following is a decision bias influenced by the way in which a problem or decision alternative is phrased or presented?

Groups that operate under a condition known as groupthink are likely to be _____.

Vigilance in decision making means the:

Which of the following is the best example of a manager discounting the future?

Illusion of control,discounting the future,and framing effects are all examples of _____.

Allowing one person to control a discussion or decision is known as _____.

The psychological bias known as "illusion of control" refers to a belief that:

Discounting the future refers to:

Which of the following involves weighting short-term costs and benefits more heavily than longer-term costs and benefits?

When a group accepts an alternative that seems to please the members of the group,but the group has not taken the time or effort to explore many options,the group has _____.

When business managers fail to objectively evaluate the odds of success for their decisions and believe that they can influence the events that follow a decision,it is an example of which of the following psychological biases?

The final phase in the decision-making process is _____.