Question 1

For which of the following types of measures does the mean NOT provide a meaningful value?
A) Ratio
B) Equal-interval scales
C) Interval
D) Ordinal
E) Continuous measures

Accepted Answer

The mean does not provide a meaningful value for ordinal measures because they only indicate relative rankings or positions, not magnitudes or amounts.

Question 2

Which of the following is FALSE about the use of percentages when reporting results?
A) Unless decimals have a special purpose, they should be omitted.
B) Percentages should be rounded to whole numbers.
C) Decimals may convey greater accuracy than the figures can support.
D) It is unnecessary and redundant to include percentages along with the raw count for frequency analyses.
E) All of the above are true concerning the use of percentages when reporting results.

Accepted Answer

It is not unnecessary or redundant to include percentages along with the raw count for frequency analyses, as percentages can provide important context and help readers better understand the data.

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning the sample standard deviation is FALSE?
A) Sample standard deviation is a measure of the variation in responses.
B) Analysts reporting descriptive statistics for continuous measures should always report standard deviations along with mean values.
C) Standard deviation is meaningful and appropriate only for interval- and nominal-level measures.
D) An analyst must be aware of the concerns of spurious precision when reporting standard deviations.
E) Outliers can have a marked effect on the calculation of a standard deviation.

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation is meaningful and appropriate for interval- and ratio-level measures, not nominal-level measures.

Question 4

Suppose that a random sample of 550 new car owners found that 38 percent of them were aware of a particular brand of tires that your company sells. If you are willing to accept less than a 5 percent chance of error that the true awareness rate of your company's brand of tire across all new car owners is less than 0.45, which statistical technique should you use from this data?
A) Test for a single proportion
B) Test of two means when samples are independent.
C) Test for a single mean.
D) Test of two means when samples are dependent.
E) ANOVA

Accepted Answer

The question is asking whether the true awareness rate of the company's brand of tire among all new car owners is less than 0.45, which is a question about a single proportion. Therefore, a test for a single proportion should be used, and the sample data provided can be used to construct the appropriate test.

Question 5

A research study that tests the hypothesis, "The population mean household income in the new market area is greater than $29,000," will involve a:
A) test of two means.
B) test for a single mean.
C) test for a single proportion.
D) test of two proportions.
E) test of a single variance.

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis stated in the question is about the population mean household income, which suggests that the appropriate test is a test for a single mean. Therefore, the correct choice is B. A test of two means would be appropriate if we were comparing two groups, a test for a single proportion would be appropriate if we were interested in proportions or percentages, a test of two proportions would be appropriate if we were comparing two proportions, and a test of a single variance would be appropriate if we were interested in the variability of a single group or population.

Question 6

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams.

-Refer to Exhibit 12.6. What is the value of the test statistic for the hypothesis that the actual mean weight of the mouse population is greater than 235 grams?
A) -0.578
B) -2.79
C) -0.633
D) -6.33
E) -7.25

Accepted Answer

The answer of 120 field mice are weighed. The average...

Question 7

The FactFinder Research firm conducted a survey for a national food manufacturer and one of the issues addressed by the research was to determine how many pounds of fish were annually consumed per capita. In the survey they found one person who consumed only one pound of fish per year while 10 people reported 200 pounds per year. The range was:
A)200.
B) 1 to 2,000.
C)201
D)199.
E) None of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The FactFinder Research firm conducted a survey...

Question 8

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams.

-Refer to Exhibit 12.5. The estimated value of the test statistic is:
A)4.0
B)5.2
C)6.7
D)7.2
E)9.0

Accepted Answer

To calculate the estimated value of the test statistic, we need to use the formula: 
test statistic = (sample mean - hypothesized population mean) / (sample standard deviation / square root of sample size)

In this case, the hypothesized population mean is not given, so we assume it to be equal to 220g (the weight of an average field mouse reported in the literature).

test statistic = (225 - 220) / (15.1 / sqrt(120)) 
test statistic = 5 / (15.1 / 10.95) 
test statistic = 6.7

Therefore, the estimated value of the test statistic is 6.7, which corresponds to choice C).

Question 9

Which of the following would be an appropriate interpretation of a p-value?
A) A p-value of p < 0.0001 is 'highly significant' and therefore much more valid than a p value of 0.05.
B) When a null hypothesis is rejected at some predetermined p level, sampling error is an unlikely explanation of the results, given that the null hypothesis is true.
C) When a p-value shows significance, managerial and practical significance can be assumed.
D) The probability that the research hypothesis is true is equal to 1 minus the p-value.
E) A p-value represents the probability that the results occurred because of sampling error.

Accepted Answer

The correct interpretation of a p-value is that it represents the probability of obtaining the observed results, or more extreme results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. Therefore, when a null hypothesis is rejected at a predetermined level of significance (typically 0.05), it means that the probability of observing the results due to chance alone is unlikely. However, it does not mean that the alternative hypothesis is true or that the effect size is large enough to be practically significant. Option A is incorrect because a p-value of 0.05 is also considered significant, but the interpretation of the result depends on the context and the effect size. Option C is incorrect because statistical significance does not necessarily imply practical or managerial significance. Option D is incorrect because the p-value does not provide information about the probability of the research hypothesis being true. Option E is partially correct because the p-value does represent the probability of observing the results due to chance, but it does not account for other sources of error, such as bias or confounding.

Question 10

To calculate sampling error for a proportion, which of the following pieces of information is NOT needed?
A) The z-score representing the desired degree of confidence.
B) The number of valid cases overall for the proportion.
C) The sample standard deviation.
D) The relevant proportion obtained from the sample.
E) All of the above are relevant and necessary pieces of information for the calculation of sampling error for a proportion.

Accepted Answer

The sample standard deviation is not needed for the calculation of sampling error for a proportion. The formula for calculating sampling error for a proportion only requires the z-score representing the desired degree of confidence, the number of valid cases overall for the proportion, and the relevant proportion obtained from the sample.

Question 11

A researcher determines a sample of size (n) 100 is necessary to estimate a population mean with 95% confidence (z = 2). The calculation of sample size required that he estimate the population standard deviation since it was unknown, and he estimated it as 150. The 100 observations produced a sample mean  and a sample standard deviation 
The resulting confidence interval is:
A) 970 <μ < 1030.
B) 996 <μ < 1004.
C) 997 < μ < 1003.
D) 960 < μ < 1040.
E) There are two possible confidence intervals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher determines a sample of size...

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the standard deviation?
A) It indicates the degree of variation in the values in such a way as to be translatable into a normal curve.
B) One standard deviation above and below the midpoint in a normal distribution includes approximately 68% of the area underneath the curve.
C) + or - 1.96 standard deviations above and below the midpoint in a normal distribution includes 95% of the area underneath the curve.
D) The standard deviation can be approximated by dividing the range of the data by 6.
E) All of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true regarding...

Question 13

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams.

-Refer to Exhibit 12.6. The conclusion is:
A) The mean weight of a field mouse is greater than 235 grams.
B) The mean weight of a field mouse is less than 235 grams.
C) Estimate a point mean of 235 grams.
D) The mean weight of a field mouse is less than 225 grams.
E) None of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

Since the average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams, it is possible that the true mean weight of a field mouse is less than 235 grams. Therefore, option B is the best choice. Option A is incorrect because the conclusion is not about whether the mean weight is greater than a certain value. Option C is incorrect because there is no reason to estimate a point mean of 235 grams. Option D is incorrect because the average weight of the field mice is given to be 225 grams. Option E is incorrect because option B is a valid conclusion.

Question 14

Because ____ and ____ measures are similar when it comes to analysis, many researchers refer to both types as continuous measures.
A) interval, ratio
B) nominal, interval
C) ordinal, ratio
D) nominal, ordinal
E) ratio, nominal

Accepted Answer

Interval and ratio measures are similar in that they both have equal intervals between values and allow for meaningful comparisons of proportions and differences. Nominal and ordinal measures do not have these characteristics, making them less suited for certain types of analysis.

Question 15

Which of the following statements if FALSE concerning the conversion of continuous measures to categorical measures?
A) When converting, there is no loss of information about a variable.
B) Because higher levels of measurement have all the properties of measures lower in the hierarchy, conversion is perfectly acceptable.
C) In many cases, conversion is advisable for aiding in interpretation of research study results.
D) Analyses should be performed using the highest level of measurement possible for a particular variable.
E) A simple solution would be to provide both types of results.

Accepted Answer

When converting continuous measures to categorical measures, there is a loss of information about a variable. Categorical measures are a simplified version of continuous measures, reducing the precision of the data.

Question 16

A sample mean is compared against a standard for a large sample. Now, assume the sample mean was found to equal 40. What is the appropriate confidence interval? (Note: Round to the nearest whole number.)
A) 23 <μ < 57
B) Can't be determined from the information given.
C) 14 < μ < 66
D) 38 < μ < 42
E) 20 < μ < 60

Accepted Answer

The answer of A sample mean is compared against a...

Question 17

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams.

-Refer to Exhibit 12.6. What is the estimated standard error of the mean?
A)0.173 grams
B)1.15 grams
C)1.38 grams
D)15.8 grams
E)17.3 grams

Accepted Answer

The estimated standard error of the mean can be calculated using the formula: standard deviation / square root of sample size. Therefore, estimated standard error of the mean = 15.1 / √120 = 1.38 grams.

Question 18

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams.

-Refer to Exhibit 12.6. What is the 95% confidence interval for the average weight of a field mouse? (z = 1.96)
A) 222 to 228 grams
B) 217 to 223 grams
C) 221 to 229 grams
D) 240 to 245 grams
E) None of the above are correct.

Accepted Answer

The 95% confidence interval is calculated using the formula: mean ± (z * (standard deviation / sqrt(sample size))). Here, it is 225 ± (1.96 * (15.1 / sqrt(120))), which results in approximately 222 to 228 grams.

Question 19

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams.

-Refer to Exhibit 12.5. The degrees of freedom would equal:
A)14.
B)24.
C)219.
D)199.
E) Cannot tell from the given information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 120 field mice are weighed. The average...

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE about hypothesis testing?
A) The typical goal is to reject the alternative hypothesis in favor of the null hypothesis.
B) A hypothesis may be rejected but can never be accepted completely.
C) Marketing research studies attempt to prove results.
D) The null hypothesis is assumed to be false for the purpose of the test.
E) All of the above are true about hypothesis testing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is TRUE about...

Quiz 12: Analysis & Interpretation: Individual Variables Independently

For which of the following types of measures does the mean NOT provide a meaningful value?

Which of the following is FALSE about the use of percentages when reporting results?

Which of the following statements concerning the sample standard deviation is FALSE?

A research study that tests the hypothesis, "The population mean household income in the new market area is greater than $29,000," will involve a:

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams. -Refer to Exhibit 12.6. What is the value of the test statistic for the hypothesis that the actual mean weight of the mouse population is greater than 235 grams?

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams. -Refer to Exhibit 12.5. The estimated value of the test statistic is:

Which of the following would be an appropriate interpretation of a p-value?

To calculate sampling error for a proportion, which of the following pieces of information is NOT needed?

Which of the following is true regarding the standard deviation?

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams. -Refer to Exhibit 12.6. The conclusion is:

Because and measures are similar when it comes to analysis, many researchers refer to both types as continuous measures.

Which of the following statements if FALSE concerning the conversion of continuous measures to categorical measures?

A sample mean is compared against a standard for a large sample. Now, assume the sample mean was found to equal 40. What is the appropriate confidence interval? (Note: Round to the nearest whole number.)

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams. -Refer to Exhibit 12.6. What is the estimated standard error of the mean?

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams. -Refer to Exhibit 12.6. What is the 95% confidence interval for the average weight of a field mouse? (z = 1.96)

120 field mice are weighed. The average weight of a mouse is 225 grams and the sample standard deviation is 15.1 grams. -Refer to Exhibit 12.5. The degrees of freedom would equal:

Which of the following is TRUE about hypothesis testing?