Question 1

Which of the following statements about arthritis is true?​
A) Arthritis is less common in African Americans than European Americans.
B) Arthritis is more common in women than men.
C) Children are unlikely to be affected by arthritis.
D) The risk of arthritis tends to be highest in adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Arthritis is more common in women than men.

Question 2

Which of the following is a result of stiffening of collagen?​
A) Brittle bones
B) Coarse and dry skin
C) Increase in vaginal lubrication
D) Excessive apoptosis

Accepted Answer

Stiffening of collagen can lead to coarse and dry skin due to decreased flexibility and elasticity of the collagen fibers.

Question 3

To prepare her students for an examination, a teacher makes them recite the names of all the continents thrice before beginning her lessons every day. At the end of three weeks of this exercise, every student could recollect the names of continents. This example demonstrates the concept of:​
A) explicit memory.
B) implicit memory.
C) episodic memory.
D) haptic memory.

Accepted Answer

This exercise involves repetition and rehearsal, which is a characteristic of implicit memory. The students are not actively trying to remember the information but are passively learning through repetition. Explicit memory is linked to consciously remembering specific information, and there is no personal or emotional experience involved in this exercise. Episodic memory is connected to remembering events or experiences, and haptic memory is related to touch and physical manipulation, both of which are not relevant in this scenario.

Question 4

Which of the following memories is likely to be helpful in developing sight vocabulary?​
A) Sensory memory
B) Associative memory
C) Prospective memory
D) Echoic memory

Accepted Answer

Associative memory is the memory that helps in creating links between words and their meanings which can help in developing sight vocabulary. Sensory memory is responsible for recording the sensations we perceive but it only lasts for a very short time, echoic memory is related to auditory memory and prospective memory is related to remembering to do something in the future.

Question 5

What is Medicare?​
A) It is a federal program that regulates healthcare costs for all uninsured Americans.
B) It is a federal program that fully covers healthcare costs of terminal ill older adults in America.
C) It is a federal program that partially funds health care for older Americans and the disabled.
D) It is a federal program that covers a portion of the healthcare costs of people of all ages who are otherwise unable to afford coverage.

Accepted Answer

Medicare is a federal program that partially funds healthcare for older Americans and the disabled. It provides coverage for hospital stays, doctor visits, and other healthcare services. It is not a program that regulates healthcare costs for all uninsured Americans (A), fully covers healthcare costs of terminal ill older adults (B), or covers a portion of healthcare costs for people of all ages who are unable to afford coverage (D) - that program is Medicaid.

Question 6

Which of the following is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?​
A) Anti-inflammatory drugs
B) Electroconvulsive therapy
C) Laxatives
D) Hormone therapy

Accepted Answer

Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to reduce inflammation and pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Electroconvulsive therapy, laxatives, and hormone therapy are not commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 7

Which of the following theories is a cellular damage theory of aging?​
A) The telomere theory
B) The endocrine theory
C) The wear-and-tear theory
D) The immunological theory

Accepted Answer

The wear-and-tear theory proposes that the body ages due to accumulated damage caused by normal everyday use and exposure to environmental stresses, leading to cellular damage over time.

Question 8

Which of the following is the leading cause of death among adults over the age of 80 in America?​
A) Cirrhosis of the liver
B) HIV/AIDS
C) Stroke
D) Heart disease

Accepted Answer

Heart disease is the leading cause of death among adults over the age of 80 in America, accounting for approximately 34% of all deaths in this age group. Cirrhosis of the liver and HIV/AIDS are not common causes of death in this population, and while strokes are common, they are not the leading cause of death.

Question 9

Older adults are more likely to be intoxicated by alcohol consumption compared to younger adults due to:​
A) the slowdown in the metabolic rate of older adults.
B) the low level of free radical content in the body of older adults.
C) the increase in the processing speed of older adults.
D) the increase in antibodies secreted by the endocrine system of older adults.

Accepted Answer

As individuals age, their metabolic rate tends to decrease, meaning that they process alcohol more slowly than younger adults. This can lead to higher levels of alcohol in the bloodstream and a greater risk of intoxication.

Question 10

Antioxidants delay aging by:​
A) disarming free radicals.
B) enabling cross-linking of cell proteins.
C) lengthening telomeres.
D) regulating hormone levels in the body.

Accepted Answer

Antioxidants neutralize harmful free radicals by donating an electron to stabilize them, thus preventing damage to cells and slowing the aging process. Choices B, C, and D are not related to the mechanism by which antioxidants delay aging.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of rheumatoid arthritis?​
A) It affects the entire body.
B) It does not affect bones and cartilage.
C) It is characterized by wear and tear on joints.
D) It is a hereditary congenital disorder.

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the entire body, not just one joint. It causes inflammation in the synovial lining of joints, leading to joint damage and pain. It can also affect other organs, such as the lungs and heart. Therefore, option A is the correct statement. Option B is incorrect, as RA primarily affects bones and cartilage. Option C is incorrect because it is descriptive of osteoarthritis, not RA. Option D is also incorrect as while genetics may play a role, RA is not a congenital disorder.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true in the context of cognitive developments of older adults?​
A) Aging is unlikely to affect the processing speed of individuals.
B) Aging has little effect on the retrospective memory of individuals.
C) Aging tends to affect explicit memory more than implicit memory.
D) Aging has a more detrimental effect on memory for single items than on associative memory.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that aging tends to affect explicit memory more than implicit memory, such as procedural memory. Processing speed and retrospective memory are also likely to be affected by aging. While associative memory may be affected, studies suggest that memory for single items may remain relatively stable in older adults.

Question 13

The ability to recall the order in which events have occurred can be attributed to:​
A) temporal memory.
B) sensory memory.
C) prospective memory.
D) implicit memory.

Accepted Answer

The ability to recall the order in which events have occurred is known as temporal memory. Option A correctly identifies this type of memory as the one responsible for this ability. Sensory memory refers to the brief storage of sensory information, prospective memory refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future, and implicit memory refers to the unconscious memory of skills and habits.

Question 14

Implicit memory is associated with the ability to:​
A) visually associate people with their names.
B) automatically recall things learnt by repetition.
C) remember past incidents and general knowledge.
D) recollect our plans for the future.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory involves the unconscious or automatic recall of information that has been learned through repetition, such as motor skills or habits. It is not related to visually associating people with their names, remembering past incidents or general knowledge, or recollecting plans for the future.

Question 15

Autobiographical memory is a type of:​
A) explicit memory.
B) implicit memory.
C) prospective memory.
D) procedural memory.

Accepted Answer

Autobiographical memory involves consciously recalling events and experiences from one's own life, making it a type of explicit memory. Implicit memory refers to memories that are not consciously accessible, while prospective memory refers to remembering to perform future actions. Procedural memory involves remembering how to perform certain skills or actions.

Question 16

In the context of aging, which of the following is true?​
A) Elevated levels of stress hormones make the body vulnerable to chronic diseases.
B) The stretching of telomeres with each cell division limits the number of times a cell can divide.
C) The stiffening of body tissues retards the process of aging.
D) Elevated levels of free radicals in the body lower the risk of developing heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Elevated levels of stress hormones such as cortisol can lead to chronic inflammation and other health problems, making the body more vulnerable to chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Additionally, chronic stress can accelerate the aging process.

B) Stretching of telomeres may limit the number of times a cell can divide, but it is not directly related to aging as other factors such as environmental influences, lifestyle choices, and genetics also play a role in the aging process.

C) Stiffening of body tissues is a common characteristic of aging and often leads to decreased flexibility, mobility, and increased risk of injury.

D) Elevated levels of free radicals in the body can actually increase the risk of developing heart disease and other chronic illnesses by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. Antioxidants are needed to counteract the damaging effects of free radicals in the body.

Question 17

Mark suffers from a severe pain in his knees due to an inflammation of the membranes surrounding his knee joints. He finds it extremely painful to walk. If Mark's condition is due to his tissues being attacked by his body's immune system, he is suffering from:​
A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) osteoarthritis.
C) septic arthritis.
D) psoriatic arthritis.

Accepted Answer

Mark's symptoms, including inflammation and pain in the knee joints, indicate an autoimmune condition, which is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. Septic arthritis is caused by a bacterial infection, osteoarthritis is due to wear and tear on the joints, and psoriatic arthritis typically presents with joint pain and skin lesions. None of these conditions match Mark's symptoms as closely as rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 18

Dementia is a condition characterized by:​
A) temporary suspension of breathing while asleep.
B) pain and stiffness of joints.
C) sudden loss of vision and hearing ability.
D) dramatic deterioration of mental abilities.

Accepted Answer

Dementia is characterized by a significant decline in cognitive function, affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities, which interferes with daily life.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of free radicals?​
A) They are produced during metabolism by oxidation.
B) They elongate telomeres.
C) They loosen body proteins and tissues.
D) They accelerate the secretion of enzymes by the endocrine system.

Accepted Answer

Free radicals are produced during metabolism and are generated through oxidation reactions. They can cause damage to cells and tissues if not neutralized by antioxidants. Elongation of telomeres is not a known function of free radicals, while loosening of body proteins and tissues can occur as a result of damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals do not accelerate the secretion of enzymes by the endocrine system.

Question 20

According to the_____, the immune system is preset to decline by an internal biological clock.
A) immunological theory
B) wear-and-tear theory
C) free-radical theory
D) cross-linking theory

Accepted Answer

The immunological theory suggests that the immune system is preset to decline by an internal biological clock, leading to increased susceptibility to disease and age-related health declines. The wear-and-tear theory, free-radical theory, and cross-linking theory focus on other mechanisms of aging.

Quiz 17: Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Which of the following statements about arthritis is true?​

Which of the following is a result of stiffening of collagen?​

To prepare her students for an examination, a teacher makes them recite the names of all the continents thrice before beginning her lessons every day. At the end of three weeks of this exercise, every student could recollect the names of continents. This example demonstrates the concept of:​

Which of the following memories is likely to be helpful in developing sight vocabulary?​

What is Medicare?​

Which of the following is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?​

Which of the following theories is a cellular damage theory of aging?​

Which of the following is the leading cause of death among adults over the age of 80 in America?​

Older adults are more likely to be intoxicated by alcohol consumption compared to younger adults due to:​

Antioxidants delay aging by:​

Which of the following statements is true of rheumatoid arthritis?​

Which of the following statements is true in the context of cognitive developments of older adults?​

The ability to recall the order in which events have occurred can be attributed to:​

Implicit memory is associated with the ability to:​

Autobiographical memory is a type of:​

In the context of aging, which of the following is true?​

Mark suffers from a severe pain in his knees due to an inflammation of the membranes surrounding his knee joints. He finds it extremely painful to walk. If Mark's condition is due to his tissues being attacked by his body's immune system, he is suffering from:​

Dementia is a condition characterized by:​

Which of the following is true of free radicals?​

According to the_____, the immune system is preset to decline by an internal biological clock.

Which of the following statements about arthritis is true?

Which of the following is a result of stiffening of collagen?

To prepare her students for an examination, a teacher makes them recite the names of all the continents thrice before beginning her lessons every day. At the end of three weeks of this exercise, every student could recollect the names of continents. This example demonstrates the concept of:

Which of the following memories is likely to be helpful in developing sight vocabulary?

What is Medicare?

Which of the following is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

Which of the following theories is a cellular damage theory of aging?

Which of the following is the leading cause of death among adults over the age of 80 in America?

Older adults are more likely to be intoxicated by alcohol consumption compared to younger adults due to:

Antioxidants delay aging by:

Which of the following statements is true of rheumatoid arthritis?

Which of the following statements is true in the context of cognitive developments of older adults?

The ability to recall the order in which events have occurred can be attributed to:

Implicit memory is associated with the ability to:

Autobiographical memory is a type of:

In the context of aging, which of the following is true?

Mark suffers from a severe pain in his knees due to an inflammation of the membranes surrounding his knee joints. He finds it extremely painful to walk. If Mark's condition is due to his tissues being attacked by his body's immune system, he is suffering from:

Dementia is a condition characterized by:

Which of the following is true of free radicals?