Question 1

The fact that violence and aggression appear to be decreasing over time are consistent with which of the following themes of the book?
A) Nature says yes, culture says no.
B) Nature says no, culture says yes.
C) The bad is stronger than the good.
D) The good is stronger than the bad.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

The textbook defines violence as ____ that ____ extreme harm, such as injury or death.
A) a type of aggression; is intended to cause
B) a type of aggression; results in
C) something different from aggression; is intended to cause
D) something different from aggression; results in

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Maureen is really frustrated that the contractor working on her house is taking so long. But she doesn't want to yell at him because she is worried he will not produce quality work for her if she does. Instead, she yells and snipes at her husband. Maureen's aggression is ____.
A) displaced
B) violent
C) instrumental
D) proactive

Accepted Answer

Maureen's aggression is displaced, which means she is redirecting her anger and frustration towards a target that is not actually causing the problem. In this case, she is taking out her frustration on her husband instead of the contractor.

Question 4

According to the definitions of aggression and violence used in the text, which of the following statements is true?
A) All aggressive acts are violent, and all violent acts are aggressive.
B) All aggressive acts are violent, but not all violent acts are aggressive.
C) Not all aggressive acts are violent, but all violent acts are aggressive.
D) Not all aggressive acts are violent, and not all violent acts are aggressive.

Accepted Answer

Aggression is a broader concept that includes any behavior intended to harm or intimidate, while violence specifically refers to physical force intended to cause harm. Therefore, not all aggressive acts are violent, but all violent acts are considered aggressive.

Question 5

Recent data on violence in the world suggests that ____.
A) it is increasing dramatically over time
B) it is the same in amount as it has always been
C) it is decreasing over time
D) it has become nonexistent

Accepted Answer

While violence still exists, recent studies have shown that it is actually decreasing over time. This includes a decrease in homicide rates, war deaths, and violent crime.

Question 6

Based on the definitions in the text, it is most accurate to say that ____.
A) aggression is a type of violence
B) violence is a type of antisocial behavior
C) antisocial behavior is a type of aggression
D) antisocial behavior is a type of violence

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the definitions in the text,...

Question 7

Freud proposed that people have a life-giving instinct as well as a "death instinct." He called the latter ____.
A) Jocasta
B) Eros
C) Oedipus
D) Thanatos

Accepted Answer

Freud called the "death instinct" Thanatos.

Question 8

Which of the following comes closest to the way that most social psychologists define aggression?
A) Any feeling, thought, or behavior that harms another person-regardless of intention and regardless of the other person's motivations.
B) Any feeling, thought, or behavior in which harm is intentionally rendered to another person and the other person is motivated to avoid harm.
C) Any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm.
D) Any behavior intended to harm another person-regardless of the other person's motivations.

Accepted Answer

Social psychologists define aggression as behavior that is intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm. It takes into account both the intention of the aggressor and the motivation of the target to avoid harm. Therefore, option C comes closest to this definition. Option A is too broad as it includes non-intentional harm, and option B focuses only on intention without taking into account the target's motivations. Option D is similar to option B but does not consider the target's motivations.

Question 9

Another term for instrumental aggression is ____.
A) proactive aggression
B) zero-sum aggression
C) self-defense
D) reciprocal aggression

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is a type of aggression that is used as a means to achieve a goal or outcome, often without any emotional attachment to the target. Proactive aggression is another term used to describe this type of aggression. Choice B (zero-sum aggression) is not a commonly used term in the field of psychology. Self-defense (choice C) involves reacting to a perceived threat or attack, which is not the same as instrumental or proactive aggression. Reciprocal aggression (choice D) involves a back-and-forth pattern of aggression between individuals, which may or may not involve instrumental aggression.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?
A) Rachel pushes Ted so that she can rush past him to catch a glass that is about to fall off the counter.
B) Rachel fantasizes about punching Ted, who has been getting on her nerves lately.
C) Rachel hits Ted, but only because Ted just hit her.
D) Rachel is thinking about planting drugs in Ted's desk at work so that she can get Ted fired and take over his job.

Accepted Answer

Instrumental aggression is aggressive behavior that is purposeful and aimed at achieving a goal, such as in this situation where Rachel pushes Ted in order to catch a falling glass.

Question 11

At the most general level, the term antisocial behavior refers to ____.
A) behavior that damages interpersonal relationships or is culturally undesirable
B) any aggressive behavior or violent behavior
C) any behavior that harms those who are close to the perpetrator
D) behavior that is aberrant is some way and that the perpetrator enacts alone

Accepted Answer

Antisocial behavior refers to behavior that goes against social norms and expectations, and may harm others or damage interpersonal relationships. This can include a range of behaviors such as lying, stealing, aggression, and disregard for rules and laws. It does not necessarily have to be enacted alone, nor does it have to be violent in nature.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of hostile aggression?
A) Mr. W fantasizes about punching his enemy in the face.
B) Mr. X accidentally knocks his friend over a balcony.
C) Mr. Y intentionally humiliates an annoying co-worker.
D) Dr. Z gives a patient a painful injection.

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression is defined as an act of aggression that is driven by feelings of anger and intent to harm someone. Intentionally humiliating someone, as in the case of Mr. Y, is an example of hostile aggression. Option A is a form of fantasizing about aggression, but does not involve any actual behavior. Option B is an accidental act of aggression, and Option D is a necessary medical procedure that may cause pain but is not intended to harm the patient.

Question 13

According to the text, most social psychologists define aggression as ____ and state ____.
A) an intentional action; that the victim must be motivated to avoid it
B) an intentional action; nothing about the victim
C) an intentional or unintentional action; nothing about the victim
D) an intentional thought or action; that the victim must be motivated to avoid it

Accepted Answer

Most social psychologists define aggression as an intentional action and state that the victim must be motivated to avoid it.

Question 14

Social psychologists define aggression in a very specific way. According to that definition, which of the following is NOT an example of aggression?
A) A mafia "hit man" who kills for paychecks
B) A disgruntled employee who fantasizes about shouting at his boss
C) A woman who tries to backstab an ex-lover by sending a package of incriminating photos to his new girlfriend, but mistakenly sends the package to the wrong address.
D) A boy who posts mean comments about a fellow classmate on MySpace.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social psychologists define aggression in a very...

Question 15

In his early writings, Freud proposed that humans have a constructive, life-giving instinct, which he called ____.
A) Thanatos
B) Eros
C) Jocasta
D) Ares

Accepted Answer

In his early writings, Freud proposed that humans have a constructive, life-giving instinct, which he called Eros. Thanatos, on the other hand, is the name Freud gave to the death instinct or the drive towards self-destruction. Jocasta and Ares are names from Greek mythology and are not related to Freud's theories.

Question 16

Social psychologists define aggression in a very specific way. According to that definition, which of the following is an example of aggression?
A) A man committing suicide
B) A surgeon drilling into a person's head during brain surgery
C) A child calling her older brother cruel and hurtful names
D) A disgruntled employee fantasizing about punching his boss in the face

Accepted Answer

Aggression, as defined by social psychologists, is any behavior intended to harm or injure another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. In this case, the child calling her older brother cruel and hurtful names fits this definition because she is intending to harm and injure her brother through her words, and her brother is motivated to avoid this treatment. The other options do not fit this definition because the man committing suicide is not intending to harm others, the surgeon drilling into a person's head is not intending to harm the patient but rather is performing a necessary medical procedure, and the disgruntled employee only fantasizing about punching his boss in the face is not actually engaging in behavior that intends to harm his boss.

Question 17

The main difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression lies in ____.
A) the motive(s) of the aggressor
B) whether the aggressive act is violent or non-violent
C) the outcome of the aggressive act
D) the emotions of the victim(s)

Accepted Answer

Hostile aggression is motivated by the desire to harm someone, while instrumental aggression is aimed at achieving a goal or outcome, rather than causing harm for the sake of harm. Therefore, the motive of the aggressor is the main difference between the two types of aggression.

Question 18

According to ____, human motivational forces, such as sex and aggression, are based on instincts.
A) Richard Nisbett
B) Walter Mischel
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Albert Bandura

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud proposed the theory of psychoanalysis, which suggests that human behavior and mental states are determined by unconscious desires and conflicts. He believed that human motivation is driven by powerful innate instincts, such as the sexual drive (Eros) and the aggressive drive (Thanatos). Freud believed that these instincts play a crucial role in shaping human personality and behavior.

Question 19

Thad is angry at his football coach for making him sit out the next game. Thad talks about his coach behind the coach's back to the other players. Thad is displaying ____ aggression.
A) displaced
B) direct
C) indirect
D) instrumental

Accepted Answer

Thad is not directly confronting his coach, but instead is using gossip and talking behind his back to hurt him. This is an example of indirect aggression.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a good example of antisocial behavior?
A) Cruelly gossiping about an enemy
B) Boxing in a professional boxing match
C) Refusing to leave the house or talk to any friends or family
D) Killing someone for pay (as a "hit man")

Accepted Answer

Antisocial behavior refers to actions that harm or disregard the rights of others or societal norms. Boxing in a professional match is a socially accepted sport and therefore not an example of antisocial behavior. The other options all involve behaviors that are harmful or illegal.

Quiz 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

The fact that violence and aggression appear to be decreasing over time are consistent with which of the following themes of the book?

The textbook defines violence as that extreme harm, such as injury or death.

Maureen is really frustrated that the contractor working on her house is taking so long. But she doesn't want to yell at him because she is worried he will not produce quality work for her if she does. Instead, she yells and snipes at her husband. Maureen's aggression is ____.

According to the definitions of aggression and violence used in the text, which of the following statements is true?

Recent data on violence in the world suggests that ____.

Based on the definitions in the text, it is most accurate to say that ____.

Freud proposed that people have a life-giving instinct as well as a "death instinct." He called the latter ____.

Which of the following comes closest to the way that most social psychologists define aggression?

Another term for instrumental aggression is ____.

Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?

At the most general level, the term antisocial behavior refers to ____.

Which of the following is an example of hostile aggression?

According to the text, most social psychologists define aggression as and state .

Social psychologists define aggression in a very specific way. According to that definition, which of the following is NOT an example of aggression?

In his early writings, Freud proposed that humans have a constructive, life-giving instinct, which he called ____.

Social psychologists define aggression in a very specific way. According to that definition, which of the following is an example of aggression?

The main difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression lies in ____.

According to ____, human motivational forces, such as sex and aggression, are based on instincts.

Thad is angry at his football coach for making him sit out the next game. Thad talks about his coach behind the coach's back to the other players. Thad is displaying ____ aggression.

Which of the following is NOT a good example of antisocial behavior?