Question 1

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Max Ringlemann observed men as they pulled on a rope either alone, as part of a small group, or as part of a large group. He found that as the size of the group increased, ____.

Accepted Answer

Ringlemann's experiment showed that individual effort decreased as group size increased, a phenomenon he called "social loafing." This is likely due to a diffusion of responsibility and a sense that individual effort is less necessary in a larger group.

Question 2

During the first half of the 20th century, who argued that attitudes were the most important and useful concept in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Gordon Allport argued that attitudes were the most important and useful concept in social psychology, emphasizing their role in understanding human behavior.

Question 3

Dr. Puni does not want the participants in his study to be aware of his hypothesis. What will he strive to reduce in his study?

Accepted Answer

Demand characteristics refer to clues in a study that reveal to participants what the researcher is looking for or expects to find. By striving to reduce demand characteristics, Dr. Puni can decrease the likelihood that participants will become aware of his hypothesis and alter their behavior accordingly.

Question 4

Early research in social psychology conducted by Max Ringlemann revealed that people ____ when they work as part of a group (e.g., pushing a car off of the road with two other people) compared to when they work alone at the same task.

Accepted Answer

Ringlemann effect states that people tend to exert less effort when they are working as a group compared to when they are working alone. This means that they do not work as hard when working as part of a group. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 5

Which of the following elements is particularly critical to include in a deception study, but is not usually required in other types of studies?

Accepted Answer

In a deception study, participants are often intentionally misled or deceived about the true purpose of the study. Therefore, it is critical to provide a complete debriefing at the end of the study to inform participants about the true nature of the study, address any concerns or misconceptions, and explain why deception was necessary. This is not usually required in other types of studies where participants are not intentionally misled. IRB approval, demand characteristics, and informed consent are important considerations in most types of studies, not just deception studies.

Question 6

Milgram's famous studies of obedience to authority were motivated by which historical event?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's studies were motivated by his own experiences as a Jew during the Holocaust, and his desire to understand how individuals could carry out orders that resulted in such atrocities.

Question 7

Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists, we should expect that people who exercise on rowing machines at gyms are more likely to ____ than people who exercise on the same machines in the privacy of their homes.

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett's early research on social facilitation found that individuals perform tasks better or more vigorously in the presence of others than when alone. This suggests that people exercising on rowing machines at gyms, where others are present, are likely to burn more calories compared to those exercising alone at home.

Question 8

In the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream psychology was divided between two main theoretical camps: ____.

Accepted Answer

In the 1950s and 1960s, the dominant schools of thought in psychology were behaviorism and Freudian psychoanalysis. These two approaches were very different from one another, with behaviorism focusing on observable behaviors and stimulus-response relationships, while psychoanalysis focused on the unconscious and internal mental processes.

Question 9

Who proposed the idea that behavior is a function of both the person and the situation in the first half of the 20th century?

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin proposed the idea that behavior is a function of both the person and the situation in the first half of the 20th century. This concept is known as Lewin's equation and is a fundamental principle in social psychology.

Question 10

Given Max Ringlemann's early research looking at group size and individual effort, should we expect Student X to put in a different amount of effort depending on whether she worked on a history project in a five-person group rather than a two-person group?

Accepted Answer

Max Ringlemann's research suggests that as group size increases, individual effort decreases. Therefore, we should expect Student X to put in more effort in a smaller group, such as a two-person group, compared to a larger group, such as a five-person group.

Question 11

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Norman Triplett examined the records of teams of cyclists. He found that cyclists who raced against each other ____ than those who raced alone (against the clock).

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett found that cyclists who raced against each other cycled more quickly than those who raced alone against the clock. This was one of the earliest experiments in social psychology, and it led to further research on the effects of competition and social facilitation on performance.

Question 12

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Norman Triplett built a "competition machine," in which children wind up a fishing reel. He found that the children were able to wind more quickly when ____.

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett found that the children were able to wind more quickly when they worked as a group side by side, indicating the presence of social facilitation.

Question 13

In the history of psychology and social psychology, the late 1800s and early 1900s marked ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the history of psychology and social...

Question 14

When did social psychology begin to come into its own as a field?

Accepted Answer

This was the era of significant development in social psychology as a field, with the rise of experimentation and research methods that helped shape the field's theories and principles. Key figures such as Solomon Asch, Muzafer Sherif, and Leon Festinger made notable contributions during this period, leading to the growth and establishment of social psychology as a scientific discipline.

Question 15

The first social psychological experiments and the publication of the first book to bear the title Social Psychology both occurred around ____.

Accepted Answer

The first social psychological experiments were conducted in the late 1800s and the first book to bear the title Social Psychology was published in 1908 by psychologist William McDougall, indicating that the field of social psychology emerged around the turn of the 20th century. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. Options A and B are incorrect because they are both too early in history, while option D is incorrect as it is too late.

Question 16

In the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream psychology was divided between ____.

Accepted Answer

During the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream psychology was divided between behaviorism and Freudian psychoanalysis. These two schools of thought had very different approaches to studying and understanding human behavior and mental processes. Behaviorism focused on observable behavior and learning through reinforcement and conditioning, while Freudian psychoanalysis focused on unconscious motivations and childhood experiences influencing adult behavior.

Question 17

Today, both funded and unfunded studies conducted at universities must first obtain ____ approval.

Accepted Answer

IRB (Institutional Review Board) approval is required for both funded and unfunded studies conducted at universities in order to ensure that the research is ethical and protects the rights and welfare of research participants. ABPP and APA are organizations related to psychology, but they do not provide approval for research studies. ERB does not have a commonly recognized meaning in the context of university research approval.

Question 18

You want to ask your friend Maya to help you with your sorority's float for the competition in the homecoming parade next week. Maya is extremely reliable and trustworthy, but she is totally swamped with her internship and upcoming midterm exams. You decide not to ask her since she might be too busy to follow through. According to Kurt Lewin's analysis of human behavior, knowing that Maya is reliable is an example of "____" information, and knowing she is busy is an example of "____" information.

Accepted Answer

According to Kurt Lewin's analysis of human behavior, knowing that Maya is reliable is an example of "person" information, as it relates to her individual traits and characteristics. Knowing she is busy is an example of "situation" information, as it relates to external circumstances and factors affecting her availability.

Question 19

Based on early research by Norman Triplett, we should expect that children who work on math problems alone will ____ than children who work on math problems side by side with their classmates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on early research by Norman Triplett,...

Question 20

Suppose that you own a rowboat and enjoy going rowing on a nearby lake in the summer. In June, you are planning to go rowing with two of your friends (three people total in the boat), and in July, you are planning to go rowing with just one friend (two people total in the boat). Will you put in more effort (row harder) on the three-person trip or on the two-person trip?

Accepted Answer

When there are more people in the boat, the weight in the boat increases, which makes it harder to row. Therefore, on the three-person trip, you will have to put in more effort to row the boat compared to the two-person trip.

Quiz 1: The Mission and the Method