Question 1

_____ influences eating by inhibiting the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that induces eating.
A)Adrenalin
B)Insulin
C)Leptin
D)Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone released by adipose tissue that plays a key role in regulating energy balance and appetite. It acts on the hypothalamus to inhibit the production of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide, which induce eating behavior. Therefore, higher levels of leptin lead to decreased appetite and food intake. Adrenalin and calcitonin do not have a direct effect on appetite regulation, while insulin plays a role in glucose metabolism but does not inhibit the production of appetite-inducing neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus.

Question 2

Identify a true statement about adipose cells.
A)They are fat cells that are stored in one's body.
B)They are absent in normal-weight individuals.
C)They are less in obese individuals than in normal-weight individuals.
D)They reduce the capacity of obese individuals to consume more fooD.

Accepted Answer

Adipose cells, also known as fat cells, are cells that store fat in one's body. They can be found in individuals of all weights, and their amount increases in individuals who are overweight or obese.

Question 3

Who among the following is most likely to be suffering from anorexia nervosa?
A)Essme,who refuses to eat any meal for fear of gaining weight
B)Alison,who recurrently binge eats in her apartment when her parents are away
C)Amira,who binges and purges on a regular basis
D)Layla,who eats excessively among friends but not when alone

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to restricted food intake and potentially severe weight loss. Essme, who refuses to eat any meal for fear of gaining weight, is most likely suffering from anorexia nervosa. Binge eating and purging behaviors are more characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Eating excessively in social situations but not alone could be a sign of binge eating disorder or other forms of disordered eating, but it is not specific enough to identify a specific disorder.

Question 4

Danielle is a woman of normal weight,whereas Ron is an obese man.Whenever they go out to dinner together,Ron always eats more food.Ron,a psychology major,correctly explains this difference in food intake by pointing out that
A)males release leptin at a slower rate than females.
B)he has more fat cells than Danielle and he is not satiated until all his fat cells are filled.
C)the ventromedial hypothalamus of his brain induces in him an urge to take in large portions of food.
D)males and females have different levels of the hormone cholecystokinin.

Accepted Answer

Obesity can be caused by having more fat cells which results in a slower satiety response. Ron's explanation that he has more fat cells than Danielle and is not satiated until all his fat cells are filled is therefore a valid explanation for why he eats more food.

Question 5

Identify a feature of anorexia nervosa.
A)Anorexia nervosa is rare among teens.
B)People with anorexia nervosa refuse to maintain weight at a healthy level.
C)People with anorexia nervosa have an intense fear of losing weight.
D)Anorexia nervosa has the lowest mortality rate of any physiological disorder.

Accepted Answer

People with anorexia nervosa refuse to maintain weight at a healthy level, often through restrictive eating and/or excessive exercise. This is a defining feature of the disorder. Option A is incorrect as anorexia nervosa is not rare, and in fact, it is the third most common chronic illness among adolescents. Option C is partially correct but not a defining feature of the disorder. People with anorexia nervosa may have a fear of gaining weight, but it may not necessarily be an intense fear of losing weight. Option D is incorrect as anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of an individual suffering from obesity?
A)An obese individual can have up to 10 to 20 billion fat cells.
B)An obese individual has to eat more to feel satisfied.
C)An obese individual has an intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss.
D)An obese individual weighs less than 85 percent of what is considered normal for age and height.

Accepted Answer

An obese individual often has a higher set point for hunger and may need to eat more to feel satisfied due to changes in hormones and metabolism.

Question 7

Mariah is an adolescent.She idolizes Gisele Bundchen,the famous supermodel.Mariah desires to be skinny like Gisele because she believes that being thin is considered attractive.In her pursuit of losing weight,Maria often refrains from eating for several full days.She begins to fear the thought of gaining weight and is not satisfied even when she loses weight.Mariah is most likely suffering from
A)bulimia nervosA.
B)obesity.
C)binge eating disorder.
D)anorexia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Mariah's desire to be thin, fear of weight gain, and restriction of food intake for several full days are all symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Additionally, her idolization of a very thin supermodel and dissatisfaction even when she loses weight are also common in individuals with anorexia nervosa.

Question 8

Which of the following is associated with anorexia nervosa?
A)high blood pressure
B)thickening of bones and hair
C)binge-and-purge eating pattern
D)severe constipation

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa often leads to severe constipation due to malnutrition and a decrease in food intake, which affects the digestive system's function.

Question 9

Sean is an obese teenager.He has strong cravings for food.He eats large portions of food every day.His mother,Anita,is worried about his eating habits as well as the health hazards that might arise as a result of overeating.Which of the following measures can prove most effective in curbing Sean's obesity?
A)Sean should only eat until he is satiated.
B)Anita should compel Sean to finish all the food in his plate.
C)Anita should serve food to Sean in a small-sized plate and bowl.
D)Sean should follow a binge-and-purge eating pattern.

Accepted Answer

Serving Sean's food in a small-sized plate and bowl can help in curbing his obesity as it will limit the amount of food he can consume in one sitting. This can also help in establishing healthy portion sizes and prevent overeating. Option A is a good measure, but Sean should also be guided on how to recognize feelings of satiety to prevent him from eating excessively. Option B can reinforce the idea of finishing all the food on his plate, which may lead to overeating. Option D is not a healthy or effective method to control obesity.

Question 10

Amber wants to reduce her weight.She is already below the normal weight level for her age group.She goes on a strict diet to reduce her weight and refuses to eat anything for fear of gaining weight.Amber is most likely suffering from
A)gender dysphoriA.
B)binge eating disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)anorexia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Amber's refusal to eat anything and fear of gaining weight is a classic symptom of anorexia nervosa. This disorder is characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, despite being underweight, and can lead to severe health complications.

Question 11

Paris thinks her friend,Nicole,may be suffering from an undiagnosed case of anorexia nervosa.She shares her concerns with Nicole,but Nicole insists that anorexia nervosa is a trivial issue.Which of the following is the most serious consequence of anorexia nervosa?
A)It can cause damage to the thyroid.
B)It can cause extreme changes in personality.
C)It can cause volatile mood swings.
D)It can severely impair logical thinking.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa can lead to severe health complications, including damage to the thyroid. The thyroid gland is crucial for regulating metabolism, and its impairment can have widespread effects on the body's systems.

Question 12

Though her weight is normal,Ashley is terrified of gaining extra pounds.She knows she should stick to a healthy diet,but she often consumes huge servings of junk food-up to 5,000 calories in one sitting.Desperate to keep her weight under control,she then uses laxatives and diuretics to purge the calories.Ashley is suffering from:
A)anorexia nervosA.
B)bulimia nervosa.
C)obesity.
D)binge eating disorder.

Accepted Answer

Ashley is exhibiting behavior characteristic of bulimia nervosa, including binge eating and purging through the use of laxatives and diuretics. While she may have anxiety about weight gain, she is not exhibiting the severe food restriction typically seen in anorexia nervosa. Additionally, she is not necessarily obese, as her weight is said to be normal, and she is not exclusively engaging in binge eating, which would suggest a diagnosis of binge eating disorder.

Question 13

Bianca is very self-conscious about her weight.She indulges in strict dieting and often skips her meals.As a result,she was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis,an abnormal condition related to the thinning of bones.Bianca is most likely to be diagnosed with
A)somnambulism.
B)anorexia nervosa.
C)bulimia nervosa.
D)binge eating disorder.

Accepted Answer

Bianca's strict dieting and skipping meals indicate an unhealthy preoccupation with weight and body image, which are symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Osteoporosis is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa, as the body does not receive adequate nutrition to maintain healthy bone density. Somnambulism is sleepwalking, and binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa involve episodes of overeating followed by compensatory behaviors, which are not described in the scenario.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of anorexia nervosa?
A)Anorexia nervosa is much more common in boys and men than in girls and women.
B)People suffering from this disorder weigh more than 85 percent of what is considered normal for age and height.
C)Most individuals with anorexia nervosa are Latin American female adolescents or young adults from low income families.
D)Anorexia nervosa is said to have the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is said to have the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder, making this option the correct choice. Option A is incorrect as anorexia is much more common in girls and women than in boys and men. Option B is incorrect as individuals with anorexia nervosa often weigh much less than what is considered normal for age and height. Option C is also incorrect as anorexia nervosa affects individuals of different ethnicities, social classes, and ages, and is not limited to Latin American female adolescents or young adults from low income families.

Question 15

Edna loves McDonald's sweet tea.Whenever she sees the famous "golden arches",she drives right in and orders a sweet tea.This best illustrates the effect of _____ on her eating behavior.
A)learned associations
B)negative reinforcement
C)avoidance learning
D)modeling

Accepted Answer

Edna's love for McDonald's sweet tea shows a learned association between the sight of the golden arches and her desire to consume the sweet beverage. This learned association influences her eating behavior every time she sees the McDonald's logo.

Question 16

Identify a true statement about bulimia nervosa.
A)It is more common in males than in females.
B)It typically begins in late adolescence.
C)It is the easiest disorder to detect as it occurs within a normal weight range.
D)It is associated with high levels of self-efficacy in individuals.

Accepted Answer

Bulimia nervosa typically begins in late adolescence, although it can also develop in early adulthood. The disorder is more commonly seen in females than in males. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may appear within a normal weight range, making it difficult to detect. The disorder is also associated with low self-esteem and feelings of shame and guilt, rather than high self-efficacy.

Question 17

Rachel is a young woman of medium build.On a professional level,she has very high standards but suffers from low confidence.Rachel often engages in impulsive eating.However,after eating,she purges by self-induced vomiting because she has a fear of gaining weight.Rachel is most likely to be diagnosed with
A)bulimia nervosA.
B)obesity.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)anorexia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Rachel displays symptoms of binge-eating followed by purging, which are characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Additionally, her fear of gaining weight and low self-confidence provide further evidence for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Obesity and bipolar disorder do not fit the symptoms described, and while anorexia nervosa also involves a fear of weight gain, it is typically associated with restrictive eating rather than binge-eating and purging behaviors.

Question 18

_____ refers to the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight.
A)Basal metabolic rate
B)Resting metabolic rate
C)Set point
D)Body mass index.

Accepted Answer

Set point refers to the weight that the body naturally strives to maintain through regulation of hunger, metabolism, and other physiological processes. It is often thought of as a "weight thermostat" and can vary from person to person. The other options, basal metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate, and body mass index, are related to weight but not specifically to the weight that is maintained without effort.

Question 19

Brianna has a sweet tooth.She cannot resist the urge to eat fudge brownies and chocolate tarts.She relishes feasting on sugary food items.However,being of a slim build,she wants to maintain her weight.She often gets depressed about her uncontrollable eating urges and consumes emetic,a drug to induce barfing.Brianna is most likely suffering from
A)bulimia nervosA.
B)obesity.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)anorexia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Brianna's behavior of consuming emetic, which is used to induce vomiting, suggests that she is engaging in purging behavior. This, along with her uncontrollable eating urges and desire to maintain her weight, is indicative of bulimia nervosa. Obesity, bipolar disorder, and anorexia nervosa are not consistent with the symptoms described.

Question 20

_____ antagonists have been used to treat obesity in humans.
A)Dopamine
B)Serotonin
C)Acetylcholine
D)Norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

Serotonin antagonists have been used to treat obesity in humans by reducing appetite and increasing feelings of fullness. Dopamine antagonists have been used in the treatment of other conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine antagonists have not been used in the treatment of obesity.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion

_____ influences eating by inhibiting the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that induces eating.

Identify a true statement about adipose cells.

Who among the following is most likely to be suffering from anorexia nervosa?

Danielle is a woman of normal weight,whereas Ron is an obese man.Whenever they go out to dinner together,Ron always eats more food.Ron,a psychology major,correctly explains this difference in food intake by pointing out that

Identify a feature of anorexia nervosa.

Which of the following is true of an individual suffering from obesity?

Which of the following is associated with anorexia nervosa?

Amber wants to reduce her weight.She is already below the normal weight level for her age group.She goes on a strict diet to reduce her weight and refuses to eat anything for fear of gaining weight.Amber is most likely suffering from

Paris thinks her friend,Nicole,may be suffering from an undiagnosed case of anorexia nervosa.She shares her concerns with Nicole,but Nicole insists that anorexia nervosa is a trivial issue.Which of the following is the most serious consequence of anorexia nervosa?

Bianca is very self-conscious about her weight.She indulges in strict dieting and often skips her meals.As a result,she was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis,an abnormal condition related to the thinning of bones.Bianca is most likely to be diagnosed with

Which of the following is true of anorexia nervosa?

Edna loves McDonald's sweet tea.Whenever she sees the famous "golden arches",she drives right in and orders a sweet tea.This best illustrates the effect of _____ on her eating behavior.

Identify a true statement about bulimia nervosa.

_____ refers to the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight.

_____ antagonists have been used to treat obesity in humans.