Question 1

A researcher conducts a study which outlines the daily habits of women who are overweight.This study represents what type of research?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive research is the exploration and description of phenomena in real-life situations.Correlational research involves the systematic investigation of relationships between or among variables.Experimental research is an objective,systematic,highly controlled investigation conducted for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena.The purpose of quasi-experimental research is to examine causal relationships or determine the effect of one variable on another.Thus these studies involve implementing a treatment or intervention and examining the effects of this intervention using selected methods of measurement.

Question 2

The nurse participates in data collection for a clinical drug trial in which subjects are randomly assigned to either a treatment or a placebo group to measure the effects of the drug on a specific outcome.This is which type of study?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design involves control of variables and random assignment of subjects so that effects of variables on specific outcomes can be measured.Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables but does not attribute cause.Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations.Quasi-experimental studies have less control than experimental studies,but they do exhibit some degree of control.

Question 3

A nurse is assisting with data collection for a study measuring the effects of a sleep aid medication on oxygen saturations.Subjects will sleep in a darkened room in a sleep lab while participating.Which type of research setting is this?

Accepted Answer

A highly controlled setting is one in which the influence of extraneous variables is greatly reduced.Examples of such a setting would include laboratories,research or experimental centers,and test units in hospitals.Field settings are uncontrolled,real-life situations or environments.Natural settings are uncontrolled,real-life situations or environments.Partially controlled settings are environments that the researcher has manipulated or modified in some way.

Question 4

In which type of research does the researcher seek to examine causal relationships among variables without being able to manipulate the variables?

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental studies have less control than experimental studies,but they do exhibit some degree of control.Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations.Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables but does not attribute cause.Experimental design is considered the most powerful quantitative design because of the rigorous control of variables.

Question 5

To evaluate data collection methodology prior to conducting a large-scale study,a researcher might carry out a smaller-scale study.This smaller-scale study is known as a/an

Accepted Answer

A pilot study is frequently defined as a smaller version of a proposed study conducted to refine the methodology.The abstract is a synopsis of the study found at the beginning of a research report.Exploratory design is used when the total situation is unclear.A proposal is a formal request to conduct a study; it can be submitted to obtain funds or get feedback on the study's methodology.

Question 6

Research subjects in a study of body image after mastectomy will complete a questionnaire about body image after surgery.Which assumption would the researcher likely make when conducting this study?

Accepted Answer

Assumptions are statements taken for granted or considered true,even though they have not been scientifically tested.The researcher will assume that subjects have an awareness of this concept.The researcher does not indicate that negative effects of mastectomy are an assumption of the study.The results of the study may indicate whether this is true or not.The researcher does not indicate that the importance of body image and appearance is an assumption of the study.The results of the study may indicate whether this is true or not.The researcher does not indicate that this is an assumption of the study.It is undoubtedly hoped for to get complete data.

Question 7

The researcher wants to learn whether there is a relationship between parental education and emergency room use among children who have asthma.Which type of research study will this researcher use?

Accepted Answer

Correlational research involves the systematic investigation of relationships between or among variables.Basic research is scientific investigation that involves the pursuit of "knowledge for knowledge's sake." Historical research is a type of qualitative research.Phenomenological research is a type of qualitative research.

Question 8

When conducting a research study using a convenience sample of all second-grade students from two classrooms in a nearby school,the nurse researcher may increase the sample control by

Accepted Answer

Randomly assigning subjects to either a treatment group or a control group improves sample control and decreases bias.Even when convenience sampling is used,subjects may be randomly assigned to groups.Assigning one classroom to one group and the other classroom to the other group is less effective than random sampling.Pre- and post-treatment comparison may be used when random assignment is not possible.Comparing a treatment group to a group in another study does not control the treatment variables because of variations between two studies.

Question 9

The nurse evaluates a research study that examines the relationship between computer and television screen time and obesity.A correlational analysis reveals a correlation of +0.95.What can the nurse conclude about the relationship between these two variables?

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation between variables indicates that the variables vary together.Variables that vary in opposite directions will have a negative correlation.Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations.Correlational studies do not indicate cause,so an increase in screen time or an increase in obesity does not cause or lead to an increase in the other.

Question 10

In which type of research study does the researcher explore and describe phenomena in real-life situations?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations.Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables but does not attribute cause.Experimental design involves control of variables and random assignment of subjects so that effects of variables on specific outcomes can be measured.Quasi-experimental studies have less control than experimental studies,but they do exhibit some degree of control.

Question 11

A researcher studies the effect of asthma action plans on frequency of emergency department visits for asthma-related symptoms.The study would be described as

Accepted Answer

Applied research involves research that is directly applicable to clinical practice.Basic research is scientific investigation that involves the pursuit of "knowledge for knowledge's sake." Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations.Phenomenological research would not investigate this type of research question.Phenomenological research asks,"what is the lived experience of the person in this situation?"

Question 12

In which type of research study does the researcher have the most control?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design involves control of variables and random assignment of subjects so that effects of variables on specific outcomes can be measured.Correlational research investigates the relationship between or among variables but does not attribute cause.Descriptive research is the exploration of phenomena in real-life situations.Quasi-experimental studies have less control than experimental studies,but they do exhibit some degree of control.

Question 13

When developing a study,a researcher establishes rules for measurement of independent and dependent variables to minimize the possibility of error.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Control involves the imposing of rules by the researcher to decrease the possibility of error and thus increase the probability that the study's findings are an accurate reflection of reality.Manipulation is when the researcher makes changes in the treatment received by the subjects.Precision encompasses accuracy,detail,and order and is evident in the concise statement of the research purpose.Rigor is the discipline,attention to detail,and precision necessary when striving for excellence in research.

Question 14

Statements that will be scientifically tested as part of a research study are called

Accepted Answer

Hypotheses are the researcher's best guess as to the outcome of the study.Assumptions are statements that are taken for granted or considered true,even though they have not been scientifically tested.Limitations are factors in the study that cannot be controlled or manipulated,but might have an influence on the outcome.Variables are the factors influencing the hypotheses that the researcher wants to investigate.

Question 15

The nurse researcher is developing a study to examine the effects of asthma education on missed school days among grade school children.When defining the research problem in the research proposal,the nurse will discuss

Accepted Answer

When describing the research problem,the researcher identifies an area of concern for a population.The discussion about proposed methodologies is part of the study design.The costs and types of medications would be included in background information,but this discussion does not identify the research problem.The discussion about the need for further studies is part of the discussion and summary.

Question 16

A researcher designs a study to evaluate stress and anxiety associated with breastfeeding in which data collection takes place in the homes of mothers with premature newborns after discharge home from the NIC.This would be an example of which type of research setting?

Accepted Answer

The setting describes where the research and data collection occur.A natural setting,or field setting,is an uncontrolled,real-life situation or environment,such as the home.In a natural setting,there is relatively little control over the setting and the variables associated with the setting.There are three common settings for conducting research: natural,partially controlled,and highly controlled.A highly controlled setting would involve experimental control of an independent variable,which this study does not do.This is a field study,with data collection occurring in patients' homes and not in a laboratory.A natural setting,or field setting,is an uncontrolled,real-life situation or environment.This is a field study,with data collection occurring in patients' homes and not in a laboratory.

Question 17

The overall plan developed by the researcher to obtain answers to the questions being studied is called

Accepted Answer

Research design is a blueprint for the conduct of a study that maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the study's desired outcome.Data analysis reduces,organizes,and gives meaning to the data.Researchers develop an operational definition so that the variables can be measured or an intervention implemented in a study.The problem statement in a study usually identifies an area of concern for a particular population that requires investigations.

Question 18

Basic research seeks to

Accepted Answer

Basic research is more likely to be found in a laboratory setting and generates knowledge for knowledge's sake.It may be used as the foundation for other research.Applied research is used to solve problems,make decisions,or predict or control outcomes in real-life practice situations.Experimental research is conducted to be able to predict or control outcomes.Grounded theory research is used to validate theoretical frameworks.

Question 19

A nurse researcher explains the relationships between research processes and the nursing process to a group of graduate-level nursing students.Which statement by a nursing student indicates the need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

The nursing process may be based on research,but does not require the rigorous application of research methods.Nursing research may be used to develop evidence-based nursing practice guidelines.Nursing research has a broader focus than the nursing process and is generally population based rather than individual based.The nursing process can help to identify nursing research problems.

Question 20

A study that analyzes the effect of exercise on diabetes control among Native-American children with type II diabetes would most credibly be generalizable to which population?

Accepted Answer

Generalization is the extension of the implications of the research findings from the sample to a larger population.The population represented in the study is Native-American children,so the results of this study may be generalized to this population.The population that the sample represents does not include all African-Americans with type II diabetes.The population that the sample represents does not include all children with type II diabetes.The population that the sample represents does not include all patients with type II diabetes.

Quiz 2: Introduction to Quantitative Research