Question 1

Children begin to prefer sex-typed toys between the ages of

Accepted Answer

Between the ages of 12 and 18 months, children begin to develop a sense of gender identity and start to form gender stereotypes. This is when they start to show a preference for toys that are typically associated with their own gender, such as dolls for girls and trucks for boys. Prior to this age, infants and young children tend to be interested in a variety of toys regardless of whether they are considered "boy" or "girl" toys.

Question 2

Which of the following describes Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development begins at birth and ends at the age of 2 years. This stage is characterized by infants actively exploring their environment through their senses and motor abilities. They develop object permanence, the understanding that objects still exist even when they are out of sight.

Question 3

The notion that even very young children seem to understand a great deal about objects and how they work,even before they've had much experience interacting with those objects,is called _____ theory.It contradicts Piaget's cognitive theory.

Accepted Answer

The notion described in the question is called naïve theory, which suggests that even young children have some innate understanding of how objects work, even without extensive interaction with them. This idea contradicts Piaget's cognitive theory, which emphasizes learning through hands-on experience and exploration.

Question 4

Which of the following reflects the view of contemporary developmental psychologists and is in contrast to Piaget's analysis?

Accepted Answer

Contemporary developmental psychologists often find that very young children have an innate understanding of objects and their properties, suggesting that some cognitive abilities are present before extensive interaction, contrasting with Piaget's emphasis on experience-driven development.

Question 5

Which of the following is an accurate definition of assimilation?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation refers to the process of incorporating new information into an existing schema without the need to revise or change the schema itself. This can involve integrating new experiences or information into pre-existing mental frameworks or understanding.

Question 6

What is Piaget's name for the stage of development that begins at the age of 2 years and ends at the age of 6 years and is characterized by use of symbols,egocentrism,and limits on the ability to reason logically?

Accepted Answer

Piaget named this stage as the preoperational stage, which is characterized by the use of symbols, egocentrism, and limited abilities to reason logically. During this stage, children lack the ability to think abstractly and engage in systematic problem-solving.

Question 7

According to the theory of Jean Piaget,how is egocentrism defined?

Accepted Answer

According to Jean Piaget, egocentrism is defined as the limited ability to understand the point of view of other people. Children in the preoperational stage of development are often egocentric and have difficulty understanding that others have different perspectives and thoughts from their own.

Question 8

What is object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence refers to the ability to form mental representations of objects that are no longer present. It is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, touched, or otherwise sensed. It is an important milestone in cognitive development, as it allows infants to remember and anticipate the presence of objects, and to engage in complex behaviors such as play and problem-solving.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's view of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky believed that a child's cognitive development is influenced by social and cultural factors, and that learning occurs through interactions with more knowledgeable individuals such as parents, teachers, and peers. This is known as the sociocultural theory of cognitive development.

Question 10

In some cultures,children are encouraged to walk earlier or later than what would be considered the average age in the United States (Super,1976).With this in mind,which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Cultural practices can slightly influence the timing of motor milestones, but these changes are usually slight because biological processes like myelination play a significant role in motor development.

Question 11

When Zach first started playing video games,he was able to focus very attentively on the game,but only for limited periods of time.By about sixth grade,his attention span started to lengthen significantly each year.Which model or theory does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

The description of Zach's increasing attention span over time aligns with the Information Processing Model, which suggests that as children develop, their capacity for processing and attending to information increases. This model views cognitive development as a gradual progression in which children acquire increasingly complex mental processes and strategies.

Question 12

Stephan is 5 years old,and is able to put moderate-sized jigsaw puzzles together with the help of his older brother.If he tries to do the puzzle on his own,he will usually be unsuccessful.According to Lev Vygotsky,putting together these puzzles falls in Stephan's ______.

Accepted Answer

According to Vygotsky's theory, the zone of proximal development is the range of tasks that a child can do with the help of someone more competent than themselves. In this case, Stephan can complete puzzles with the help of his older brother, indicating that this task falls within his zone of proximal development.

Question 13

For which of the following has Piaget's theory of cognitive development been criticized?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory has been criticized for not taking into account the cultural and societal influences on cognitive development. Critics argue that Piaget viewed the child in isolation from their environment and did not consider the impact of cultural factors on cognitive abilities.

Question 14

Alex is 15 years old.He doesn't have a part-time job,his grades are poor,and his parents are worried that he is skipping school.Recently he is becoming very involved in political issues,including the legalization of medical use marijuana.According to Piaget,Alex is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the formal operational stage typically occurs between the ages of 12 to adulthood. During this stage, individuals become capable of abstract thinking, hypothetical reasoning, and logical deduction. Alex's involvement in political issues, such as the legalization of medical use marijuana, suggests that he is capable of abstract and hypothetical reasoning, which is indicative of the formal operational stage. His poor grades and school attendance may be attributed to factors other than cognitive development.

Question 15

Little Janie is visiting the zoo for the first time and sees a wolf.She says,"Look,Mommy,a doggy." This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of assimilation, where Janie is using her existing schema (knowledge) of dogs and applying it to what she sees as a wolf. She is assimilating the new information into her existing schema.

Question 16

Which of the following is an accurate definition of accommodation?

Accepted Answer

Accommodation is the process of incorporating new learning into an existing schema that requires revision of the schema. This means that the individual has to modify their existing understanding or belief system to accommodate new information. Option A is referring to the concept of mental representation, option B is describing assimilation, and option C is referring to the concept of conservation.

Question 17

Louie is 10 years old.He is becoming quite good at arguing with his parents over such topics as what his bedtime should be and whether he has eaten enough of his dinner to have dessert.He loves toys and projects that involve hands-on learning,but cannot yet handle abstract concepts.According to Piaget,Louie is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, Louie is in the concrete operational stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11. In this stage, children develop logical thinking skills but still struggle with abstract concepts. Louie's ability to argue and his preference for hands-on learning align with this stage.

Question 18

Vito,age 5,and his godfather are playing with cookie dough.They make two round balls of the same size.Vito flattens one ball of cookie dough into a pancake shape on the baking sheet and says,"Look,now this one has more dough." In this context,Vito does not yet understand ____.

Accepted Answer

Vito does not yet understand conservation, which is the understanding that a quantity remains the same despite its shape or arrangement. In this case, Vito believes that flattening the cookie dough changes the amount of dough, when in reality the amount of dough remains the same. Vito's statement shows a lack of conservation understanding.

Question 19

Baby Asha is sitting on the floor when her older brother sits down next to her.He takes her favorite stuffed rabbit out of her hands,holds it up,and then puts it behind his back.Within just a few seconds,Asha begins to cry.Her brother hands her back the rabbit,which stops the crying,but he doesn't understand why she didn't just look behind his back for the toy.What would be the reason for this?

Accepted Answer

In Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, which typically lasts from birth to around 2 years of age, young children have not yet mastered object permanence - the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. Therefore, Asha may not have realized that her stuffed rabbit was still there, behind her brother's back, and thus became upset when it disappeared from her immediate view.

Question 20

According to Lev Vygotsky's theory,cultures teach children not only what to think but also

Accepted Answer

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, culture teaches children how to think through language and social interactions with more knowledgeable others. Children learn to use different cognitive tools and strategies to problem-solve and think critically.

Quiz 11: The Developing Mind Life Span Development