Question 1

Why has our contemporary lifestyle,with many people spending hours sitting sedentary in front of televisions or computers,contributed to a significant rise in obesity?

Accepted Answer

When humans are sitting sedentary in front of televisions or computers, they use less energy as compared to when they are active. As a result, less energy is burned, and it becomes easier to gain weight, leading to obesity.

Question 2

Interested in losing weight,Frederica seeks the advice of her doctor.Dr.Rothschild recommends removing one sugared soft drink per day from her diet.According to your textbook,this lifestyle change should lead to a _______ pound weight loss over the next year.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that reducing sugary drink consumption by one serving per day can lead to a weight loss of approximately 10 pounds over the course of a year. This is because sugary drinks are high in calories and cutting them out of the diet can help reduce overall calorie intake. So, removing one sugared soft drink per day from Frederica's diet would likely result in a 10 pound weight loss over the next year.

Question 3

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by the maintenance of unusually low body weight,an intense fear of gaining weight and ____.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa involves a distorted body image, where individuals see themselves as overweight even when they are underweight.

Question 4

Dr.Pasantes is investigating how the brain regulates patterns of eating behavior.She performs an experiment and finds that lesioning a particular brain region causes rodents to completely stop eating.What area of the brain has Dr.Pasantes lesioned?

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is known to be involved in stimulating hunger. Lesioning this area can lead to a lack of eating behavior, as it disrupts the signals that trigger the sensation of hunger.

Question 5

Brianna suffers from anorexia nervosa.In addition to having an unusually low body weight,she has irregular menstrual cycles,an increased sensitivity to cold,a fine downy hair on her face and body (called lanugo),and has skin that appears ____.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa can lead to dry skin with a yellow tint due to malnutrition and liver issues affecting skin pigmentation.

Question 6

Why are those who suffer from diabetes with high levels of glucose in their blood likely to report feeling hungry?

Accepted Answer

When glucose levels are high in the blood, it is likely that the cells are not able to absorb the glucose efficiently due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin levels. This can lead to a state of cellular starvation, causing the individual to feel hungry.

Question 7

Derek,a neuropsychology graduate student,works in a behavioral eating research lab.Derek suggests to the lead investigator that injecting people with leptin will help them lose weight.His idea is quickly shot down by a classmate,who states,"Not so fast,Derek;____."

Accepted Answer

Obese individuals already have high levels of circulating leptin, so additional injections of leptin are unlikely to have significant weight loss effects. In fact, resistance to leptin is often a contributing factor in obesity. Options A and B are false statements, and option C does not necessarily speak to the efficacy of injecting leptin for weight loss.

Question 8

Suppose that it is 1964,and that Betty,a homemaker who put on weight with each of her three pregnancies,wants to lose 20 pounds.What medication would have been prescribed to Betty at that time to help her lose weight?

Accepted Answer

In 1964, amphetamines were commonly prescribed for weight loss. However, it is important to note that the use of amphetamines for weight loss is no longer recommended due to safety concerns and the high potential for abuse and addiction.

Question 9

The height-to-weight ratio used to identify healthy weight,underweight,overweight,and obesity is referred to as the ____.

Accepted Answer

The height-to-weight ratio used to identify healthy weight, underweight, overweight, and obesity is referred to as the body mass index (BMI). It is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. BMI is widely used to assess an individual's body weight status as it is quick, easy, and inexpensive to measure. It has been shown to be a reliable indicator of body fatness and correlated with health risks associated with excess body weight.

Question 10

Molly is hungry.She passes right by the fruit basket on her kitchen counter and instead,grabs the ice cream out of the freezer.What human food preferences does Molly's behavior demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Molly's behavior indicates a preference for calorie-rich, high-fat foods which aligns with the idea that humans retain the food preferences of our ancestors to ward off starvation. This preference for high-calorie foods would have allowed our ancestors to survive in periods of food scarcity.

Question 11

Drugs that inhibit cholecystokinin's (CCK)action in the brain

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that is released by the small intestine in response to food intake. It acts on the brain to reduce appetite and reduce food intake. Therefore, drugs that inhibit CCK's action in the brain would increase eating behavior.

Question 12

Anorexia nervosa is one of the few psychological disorders that can kill,with up to ______ percent of people with the disorder dying per decade from causes related to the condition,which includes an elevated risk for suicide.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anorexia nervosa is one of the few...

Question 13

Long-term,who is most likely to succeed in their attempts to lose weight?

Accepted Answer

Gaila's approach of simply cutting out specific unhealthy foods from her diet is more sustainable and realistic for long-term weight loss than extreme diets or severe caloric restriction. Making small changes to one's diet and gradually building upon them is a more effective approach than attempting drastic changes that are difficult to maintain.

Question 14

Following his afternoon classes,Darren stops at the cafeteria and eats a hot dog and fries.If you were to run a blood test on Darren shortly after his meal,what would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

After eating a meal high in carbohydrates, like a hot dog and fries, Darren's blood glucose levels would rise, prompting the pancreas to release insulin to help cells absorb the glucose, resulting in high glucose and high insulin levels.

Question 15

Elroy is eager to lose weight after gaining 15 pounds during his freshman year of college.He decides to do a crash diet over the summer,which starts with cabbage soup and salad every day for 2 weeks.Elroy loses weight at first but quickly puts weight back on,even gaining an extra 5 pounds before returning to college.What is the most likely reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Crash diets like the cabbage soup and salad diet can trigger mechanisms designed to prevent starvation by lowering metabolism. This means that when Elroy goes back to his normal diet after two weeks, his body will store more fat to prepare for another "starvation" period, leading to weight gain. Additionally, the diet was not diverse, meaning that Elroy may have been missing out on important nutrients, which can also affect weight gain.

Question 16

According to Cannon and Washburn (1912),what was hypothesized to be the cause of hunger cues?

Accepted Answer

Cannon and Washburn hypothesized that hunger cues are caused by the extent of stomach contractions.

Question 17

The body monitors fat stores by assessing levels of the hormone ____,which is produced and secreted by fat cells.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone produced and secreted by fat cells that helps the body monitor fat stores. Its levels increase as fat tissue increases and decrease as fat tissue decreases. Leptin helps regulate appetite and metabolism, and plays a role in energy balance.

Question 18

Dr.Pollini is investigating how the brain regulates patterns of eating behavior.He performs an experiment and finds that lesioning a particular brain region interferes with rodent's ability to feel satiated.This,in turn,leads them to significantly increase their food intake and to gain weight.What area of the brain has Dr.Pollini lesioned?

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus is known to play a critical role in regulating feelings of satiety and hunger. Lesioning this area of the brain interferes with the animal's ability to feel full, which leads to increased food intake and weight gain. The lateral hypothalamus, on the other hand, plays a role in regulating hunger but not satiety. The amygdala is not specifically involved in regulating eating behavior.

Question 19

Interested in losing weight,Patrick seeks the advice of his doctor.Dr.Burns recommends a medication that can help Patrick by inhibiting the absorption of fats by the digestive tract.What medication is Patrick's doctor recommending?

Accepted Answer

Orlistat is a medication that inhibits the absorption of fats by the digestive tract. Ephedrine and amphetamines are stimulants used for weight loss, while sibutramine is an appetite suppressant that has been taken off the market due to safety concerns. Therefore, the best choice in this scenario is B, Orlistat.

Question 20

From 1991 to 2014,the rates of obesity have risen from 12% to ____% (Ogden,Carroll,Kit,& Flegal,2014).

Accepted Answer

According to the study by Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal in 2014, the rates of obesity rose to 37% by 2014.

Quiz 7: The Feeling Mind Emotion and Motivation