Question 1

________ is the densely nutritious, yellowish, sticky breast milk secreted during the first 2 to 3 days after birth.

Accepted Answer

Colostrum is the densely nutritious, yellowish, sticky breast milk secreted during the first 2 to 3 days after birth.

Question 2

SIDS is the ______ leading cause of infant mortality.

Accepted Answer

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the third leading cause of infant mortality in many countries, following congenital malformations and low birth weight complications.

Question 3

Since the beginning of the Safe to Sleep Campaign in 1994, the rate of SIDS has dropped more than ____%.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the rate of SIDS has dropped by more than 50% since the beginning of the Safe to Sleep Campaign in 1994.

Question 4

Elizabeth recently gave birth to her first baby. While breastfeeding, she has no menstrual cycle. This is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

Lactational amenorrhea is a normal physiological effect of breastfeeding. The hormone prolactin, which is responsible for milk production, also suppresses ovulation, leading to the absence of menstruation. This can serve as a natural form of contraception for women who are exclusively breastfeeding their infants. Increased oxytocin levels during breastfeeding can stimulate uterine contractions but do not directly affect the menstrual cycle. "Ovum amenorrhea" is not a recognized term. Postpartum infertility refers to the period of time after giving birth when fertility has not yet returned, but it is not specific to breastfeeding.

Question 5

Jana is 6 months old. She receives breast milk and other forms of solid food to meet her nutritional requirements. The type of feeding Jana is receiving is referred to as ________________ breastfeeding.

Accepted Answer

Jana is receiving breast milk as well as other forms of solid food, which means she is receiving complementary breastfeeding. On-demand refers to feeding based on the baby's cues. Exclusive breastfeeding means only breast milk is given and nothing else. Joint feeding is not a commonly used term in relation to infant feeding.

Question 6

Breastfeeding has many benefits, including but not limited to:

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are benefits of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding can decrease the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), lower the mother's risk of high blood pressure and lower the infant's risk of problematic blood cholesterol. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 7

Juliette is a new mother who has made the decision to breastfeed. She notices that the more her baby suckles and stimulates her nipples, the more milk she produces. This is due to the release of the hormone:

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is the hormone responsible for milk production. It is released in response to suckling and stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk.

Question 8

In the United States, African American infants are ______ as likely to die of SIDS compared to Caucasian American babies.

Accepted Answer

African American infants are 2 to 3 times more likely to die of SIDS compared to Caucasian American babies.

Question 9

The highest rate of SIDS occurs in infants between _______ months.

Accepted Answer

The highest rate of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) occurs in infants between 2 and 4 months of age, with the peak incidence happening around 2 and 3 months.

Question 10

Annually, in the United States, approximately ________ families will face the loss of their child to SIDS.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 2300 families in the United States face the loss of their child to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) each year.

Question 11

___________ is a risk factor associated with an increased risk of SIDS.

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are risk factors associated with an increased risk of SIDS. Sleeping in a hot room can increase the risk of overheating, exposure to second-hand smoke can increase the risk of respiratory issues, and low birth weight can increase the risk of various health complications, all of which can increase the risk of SIDS.

Question 12

The duration of breastfeeding is a highly controversial subject in society. According to the AAP, the proper length of time for breastfeeding is:

Accepted Answer

The AAP states that the duration of breastfeeding should be determined by the child and mother, taking into account individual circumstances and preferences. Therefore, answer A is the best choice. B, D, and especially C are not recommended by the AAP as appropriate or necessary lengths of time for breastfeeding.

Question 13

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development designed the _______ campaign to reduce the number of SIDS-related deaths.

Accepted Answer

The Safe to Sleep campaign was specifically designed to reduce the number of SIDS-related deaths. The other options are not related to SIDS prevention.

Question 14

Sudden infant death syndrome describes the sudden and unexplained death of a seemingly healthy infant.

Accepted Answer

Sudden infant death syndrome, also known as SIDS, is a real and tragic phenomenon. It typically occurs during sleep, and there is no clear cause of death found upon examination.

Question 15

When Gabrielle was born, doctors told her parents that the most effective way to reduce the risk of SIDS is to:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that exclusively breastfeeding and placing infants on their backs to sleep are the most effective ways to reduce the risk of SIDS. Breastfeeding helps to boost the immune system and reduces the risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, which are risk factors for SIDS. Placing infants on their backs to sleep reduces the risk of suffocation and helps to ensure that infants are breathing properly. Therefore, combining these two strategies is the best option for reducing the risk of SIDS.

Question 16

There are often many signs and symptoms of SIDS.

Accepted Answer

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the sudden death of an infant younger than 1 year of age that remains unexplained after a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history. There are no specific signs or symptoms of SIDS, which makes it difficult to predict or prevent.

Question 17

Two maternal hormones, _____________ and _____________ directly affect milk production and, indirectly, the breastfeeding experience for mother and infant.

Accepted Answer

Prolactin and oxytocin are the hormones responsible for milk production and release, respectively. Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk while oxytocin causes the release of milk from the breast during breastfeeding. These hormones are crucial for a successful breastfeeding experience for both mother and infant. Estrogen and testosterone are also involved in lactation but to a lesser extent, while dopamine inhibits the release of prolactin and can interfere with milk production.

Quiz 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy