Question 1

A client in psychoanalysis has been arriving late for sessions,acting hostile toward the analyst,and making up dreams.This is MOST likely

Accepted Answer

The client's behavior of arriving late, acting hostile, and making up dreams may indicate resistance to the psychoanalytic process. Resistance is when the client unconsciously avoids confronting certain aspects of themselves or their emotions during therapy. It can manifest as disruptive or uncooperative behavior in sessions.

Question 2

Tasha has been in psychotherapy for just over a year.Lately she has started to express a strong sexual desire for her therapist.Unconsciously she is acting toward him the way she wishes she could act toward her own husband.According to Freud,Tasha's behavior may be a sign of

Accepted Answer

Tasha's behavior is consistent with transference, which is the process by which a patient projects their feelings and desires onto their therapist. In this case, Tasha is projecting her sexual desire onto her therapist as a way of fulfilling a desire she has for her own husband. This is a common phenomenon in psychotherapy and is often used as a way to explore unresolved issues from the patient's past. Resistance refers to the patient's reluctance or unwillingness to discuss certain topics or issues, free association refers to the technique of spontaneously verbalizing thoughts and feelings without censorship, and defensive neurosis refers to the use of defense mechanisms to avoid dealing with anxiety-provoking situations.

Question 3

In the rich diversity of psychodynamic approaches to therapy available today,recent research reviews suggest that

Accepted Answer

Recent research reviews suggest that interpretation, resistance, and transference still play key roles in psychodynamic approaches to therapy. While the emphasis may vary among different approaches, these three concepts continue to be seen as critical components of the therapeutic process.

Question 4

An important goal of client-centered therapy is to

Accepted Answer

The main goal of client-centered therapy is to help clients become more self-aware and recognize that they have the ability to make choices for themselves without worrying about the approval of others. This approach emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship and the therapist's ability to provide a supportive and nonjudgmental environment that can help clients explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It does not focus on childhood conflicts, changing thoughts, or modifying behavior patterns.

Question 5

Psychoanalysis is a therapy that emphasizes

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy developed by Freud based on the idea that many psychological problems stem from unconscious conflicts and motives. Therefore, psychoanalysis seeks to uncover and recover repressed memories, motives, and defenses in order to gain insight into the root causes of current difficulties. It is less focused on correcting thinking errors, improving interpersonal skills, or providing a supportive climate for clients.

Question 6

Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy grew from the

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy is associated with the humanistic tradition, which emphasizes the individual's innate worth, potential for growth, and the importance of empathy and unconditional positive regard in the therapeutic relationship.

Question 7

Carl Rogers named his technique "client-centered therapy" to emphasize his belief that

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that clients should play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy. This means that the client is seen as the expert on their own experiences and is in control of the therapeutic process, rather than the therapist holding all the power and authority. This is reflected in the term "client-centered" therapy, as opposed to "therapist-centered" therapy.

Question 8

Dr.Spann is a psychoanalytic therapist and over the past two weeks his patient has begun showing increasing hostility,and he often yells and becomes threatening when Dr.Spann offers her interpretations of the things that the patient says during therapy.Dr.Spann should MOST likely deal with the patient's behavior by

Accepted Answer

The patient's behavior seems to be a result of transference, which needs to be acknowledged and dealt with in therapy. Allowing the patient to work through their feelings associated with transference can help them gain insight into their behavior and can ultimately lead to a positive therapeutic outcome. Ignoring the behavior or moving to a new topic might temporarily alleviate the situation but will not address the root cause. Modeling new behavior may not be effective in this situation.

Question 9

Freud believed that psychological disorders are caused by

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that psychological disorders are caused by unconscious conflicts left over from early childhood. He believed that these conflicts, often relating to unresolved issues with parents or other important figures in childhood, could lead to distress, anxiety, and other symptoms later in life.

Question 10

Contemporary psychodynamic approaches to therapy tend to do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Contemporary psychodynamic approaches to therapy emphasize the importance of emotional experience and encourage the exploration and processing of emotions as a central aspect of therapy. Therefore, neglecting emotional experience would be contradictory to this approach.

Question 11

Rogers believed that client-centered therapists must provide unconditional positive regard for their clients.In other words,they must

Accepted Answer

Rogers believed that therapists must provide unconditional positive regard, which means showing complete, nonjudgmental acceptance of the client as a person. This includes accepting the client's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors without imposing their own values or expectations on the client. This creates a safe and supportive environment where the client can feel comfortable being themselves and exploring their inner experiences. The other choices (A, B, and C) are not accurate descriptions of unconditional positive regard.

Question 12

Transference in psychoanalytic therapy may reveal itself when the patient

Accepted Answer

Transference in psychoanalytic therapy occurs when the patient unconsciously transfers feelings or attitudes from past significant relationships onto the therapist. This can manifest in the patient responding to the therapist as though he or she were the patient's parent, for example, seeking validation, approval or punishment.

Question 13

According to Rogers,personal distress occurs when

Accepted Answer

According to Rogers, personal distress occurs when there is incongruence between a person's self-concept and reality. This means that a person's perception of themselves is not aligned with their actual experiences or behaviors, which can cause emotional discomfort and distress.

Question 14

During psychoanalysis when a client begins to start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives the patient is said to be engaging in

Accepted Answer

Transference occurs when a patient begins to project feelings and attitudes they have towards important people in their lives onto their therapist. They may see the therapist as a parent, authority figure, or someone else they have a significant relationship with. This can provide valuable insights into the patient's past experiences and current emotional state, allowing the therapist to better understand and treat their issues.

Question 15

Treating the therapist as though he were a very important person from one's past,such as a parent,defines

Accepted Answer

Treating the therapist as though he were a very important person from one's past, such as a parent, defines transference. This is a common phenomenon in psychotherapy where the client unconsciously transfers feelings, attitudes, and behaviors from significant people in their past onto the therapist. It can be positive or negative and can interfere with the therapeutic process if not addressed by the therapist.

Question 16

George has been in psychotherapy for several months.When he first started therapy George had a very positive relationship with his therapist.However,over the past two weeks he has shown increasing hostility,and he often yells and becomes threatening when his therapist offers her interpretations of the things that George says during therapy.According to Freud,George's behavior may be

Accepted Answer

George's increasing hostility and threatening behavior towards his therapist when she offers interpretations suggests transference, which is when a patient projects feelings and attitudes from past relationships onto the therapist. This may indicate that George is beginning to confront deep-seated emotional patterns and conflicts that are being stirred up by the therapeutic process, and that he is struggling to integrate these new insights into his sense of self. It is important for the therapist to acknowledge and address this transference in order to help George work through his psychological issues.

Question 17

Jimmy has been in psychotherapy for several months,but during the last few sessions he has been distracted and inattentive.When his therapist asks him to describe any dreams he has had recently,Jimmy insists that he doesn't remember any of his dreams.According to Freud,Jimmy's behavior may be a sign of

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, resistance is a natural part of the therapeutic process, and it often manifests as the patient's refusal to share certain thoughts, feelings, or experiences with the therapist. This can be seen as a form of self-protection, as the patient may be afraid of confronting painful or unacceptable aspects of their personality or past. Jimmy's distraction and inability to recall his dreams may indicate that he is experiencing some form of resistance, perhaps due to feelings of discomfort or fear.

Question 18

Dr.Brittain uses a therapeutic technique that focuses on providing a supportive emotional climate for clients,who in turn play a major role in determining the pace and direction of therapy.Most likely Dr.Brittain is a

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic technique described in the question is the hallmark of client-centered therapy, which was developed by Carl Rogers. This approach emphasizes creating a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts and emotions, with the therapist providing unconditional positive regard and empathy. Client-centered therapy is a humanistic approach that focuses on the person rather than the problem, and empowers the client to take an active role in their healing process. Dr. Brittain's approach matches with the tenets of client-centered therapy, so the best choice is B.

Question 19

At times,individuals decide to terminate therapy at a time the therapist feels is premature and at a point when therapy is about to make significant progress.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of resistance, which refers to the defense mechanisms patients use to avoid or hinder the psychotherapeutic process. In this case, terminating therapy prematurely could be seen as a way to resist change or avoid addressing certain issues. The therapist may need to explore and work through this resistance in order to continue making progress in therapy.

Question 20

Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Resistance refers to the unconscious behavioral and psychological maneuvers that patients use to hinder the progress of therapy. This can include avoiding topics, intellectualizing, denying the existence of problems, and being defensive. Transference refers to the patient's projection of emotions and attitudes from earlier life onto the therapist. Frustration is a general feeling of disappointment or dissatisfaction that can occur in any context, and projection is a defense mechanism in which a person attributes their own unwanted thoughts or feelings onto others.

Quiz 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders