Question 1

Patrick ate a large breakfast.When he arrived for his 8:00 a.m. class the student next to him offered Patrick a large raisin muffin. Even though Patrick was still quite full from breakfast, he ate the muffin that he was offered. In this instance, Patrick's behavior can best be explained using

Accepted Answer

Incentive theories of motivation suggest that behavior is driven by external rewards or incentives. In this case, Patrick was offered a large raisin muffin by the student next to him, which can be seen as an external incentive that motivated him to eat the muffin despite being full from breakfast.

Question 2

A bonus of $100.00 for completing a work assignment before a deadline is an example of

Accepted Answer

An incentive is something that motivates or encourages someone to do something, in this case completing a work assignment before a deadline to receive a $100.00 bonus.

Question 3

Homeostasis is a state of

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to a state of physiological stability in which an organism maintains a relatively stable internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment. It involves a complex set of physiological processes that work together to regulate various bodily systems, such as temperature, blood sugar levels, and fluid balance. Psychological stability or instability is a separate concept and not directly related to homeostasis.

Question 4

Evolutionary theories of motivation suggest that motives result in behaviors that

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary theories of motivation suggest that motives have evolved to maximize reproductive success, as this is crucial for the survival and continuation of a species. Restoring homeostasis, reducing biological needs, and reducing incentives may be outcomes of certain motivational behaviors, but they are not the primary reasons why motives exist according to evolutionary theory.

Question 5

According to drive theorists,the foremost motivation for all organisms is to

Accepted Answer

Drive theorists believe that the primary motivation for all organisms is to maintain homeostasis, or a state of internal balance and stability. This involves satisfying basic physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sleep. Maintaining homeostasis is necessary for the survival and functioning of an organism. While self-actualization and pleasant stimulation may be important for motivation, they are considered secondary to the basic drive for homeostasis.

Question 6

According to K.B.Madsen,most motivation theories identify ____ biological needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to K.B.Madsen,most motivation theories identify ____...

Question 7

An internal state of tension that precedes behavior designed to reduce that tension is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

The term "drive" refers to an internal state of tension or arousal that motivates behavior aimed at reducing that tension. This concept is often associated with the work of early behaviorists such as Clark Hull and B.F. Skinner. The other options do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 8

Which of the following behaviors is consistent with a drive theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

Drive theory of motivation suggests that physiological needs create an internal state of tension or arousal, which drives the organism to engage in behaviors that will alleviate the tension. Eating an apple when hungry is consistent with this theory as hunger creates a physiological need that drives the organism to seek food to alleviate the tension.

Answer: B
 Eating dessert after a large meal can also be consistent with drive theory of motivation as it may be driven by a desire to satisfy a craving or seek pleasure, which could be seen as a psychological need. The large meal may have also created a physiological need to consume more food, leading to the desire for dessert.

Answer: C and D are not consistent with drive theory of motivation. Looking up information in the encyclopedia and studying hard for a test are behaviors that are driven by the desire to learn, achieve goals or obtain rewards, which are not directly related to physiological or psychological needs.

Question 9

Food-deprived rats will learn a new response if given nonnutritive,saccharine-sweetened water as a reward.Thus,the sweet-tasting water is motivating even though no actual hunger reduction takes place.This fact raises questions about

Accepted Answer

Drive theories of motivation suggest that behaviors are driven by the need to reduce physiological tension or deprivation, such as hunger. Since the saccharine-sweetened water does not reduce hunger but still motivates the rats, it challenges the idea that only physiological needs drive behavior, thus questioning drive theories.

Question 10

Motives are BEST described as ____ that propel people in certain directions.

Accepted Answer

Motives refer to internal psychological factors such as needs, wants, interests, and desires that propel individuals towards certain goals or behaviors. While biological and social factors may play a role in shaping these motives, the core impetus for behavior is rooted in the individual's internal psychological state. Drives and incentives may contribute to the manifestation of these motives, but they are not interchangeable with the concept of motives themselves. Therefore, option D is the most accurate description of motives.

Question 11

While ____ theories of motivation emphasize internal factors,____ theories emphasize external factors.

Accepted Answer

Drive theories focus on the internal states that motivate individuals to act, such as hunger or thirst, while incentive theories emphasize external stimuli, such as rewards or punishments, that influence behavior. Biological and environmental theories are not directly related to the internal/external distinction in theories of motivation.

Question 12

Tension reduction is the goal according to which motivational theory?

Accepted Answer

Tension reduction is the central goal of drive theory, which proposes that physiological needs create an aroused state of tension that motivates an organism to satisfy the need and reduce the tension. Option B (evolutionary theory) explains behavior in terms of adaptation to environmental pressures, Option C (instinct theory) suggests that certain behaviors are innate or fixed patterns controlled by genes, and Option D (incentive theory) emphasizes the role of external stimuli in motivating behavior.

Question 13

According to motivation theorists,we would expect people generally to be

Accepted Answer

Biological needs are generally universal and similar across humans, such as the need for food, water, and shelter, whereas social needs can vary greatly depending on cultural, personal, and environmental factors.

Question 14

According to drive theory of motivation,if you drink water when you are thirsty,drinking results in

Accepted Answer

The drive theory of motivation states that physiological needs create a state of tension, or drive, that motivates an individual to take action to reduce the tension and restore physiological equilibrium. When a person drinks water when they are thirsty, it reduces the drive or tension created by the need for water and restores physiological equilibrium. Therefore, drinking water when thirsty results in drive reduction and restores physiological equilibrium.

Question 15

When you are engaging in goal-directed behavior,you may be BEST described as experiencing

Accepted Answer

Goal-directed behavior is driven by motivation, which is the internal state that initiates, directs, and maintains goal-directed behavior. Drive reduction and incentives can be part of the motivation process, but they are not the complete explanation. Emotion is a separate experience from motivation, although it can be influenced by motivational states.

Question 16

Most motivational theorists divide motives into two categories consisting of

Accepted Answer

Most motivational theorists divide motives into two categories consisting of biological and social motives. Biological motives are related to the basic physiological needs of the body such as hunger, thirst, and sex, whereas social motives are related to the needs of social interaction and recognition, such as the need for affiliation, achievement, and power.

Question 17

An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior is

Accepted Answer

An incentive is an external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior. Incentives can be both positive, such as rewards or benefits, or negative, such as punishments or consequences. A motive refers to an internal force or desire that directs behavior, while a drive is a state of tension or arousal that prompts action. A need is a physiological or psychological requirement that must be satisfied for survival or well-being.

Question 18

Rita has just finished a large meal at her favorite restaurant.Although she is quite full,when the waiter brings the dessert tray,she orders a piece of chocolate cheesecake.In this instance,Rita's behavior is LEAST consistent with

Accepted Answer

Drive theories of motivation suggest that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs, such as hunger or thirst. Since Rita is already full, her decision to order dessert is not motivated by a need to reduce hunger, making this option the least consistent with her behavior.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT considered a social need in humans?

Accepted Answer

Aggression is not considered a social need as it is a behavior that is often associated with negative effects on social interactions and relationships. The other options, affiliation, nurturance, and achievement, are all social needs that are essential for human well-being and relationships.

Question 20

Needs,wants,interests and desires that propel people in certain directions are known as

Accepted Answer

Drives refer to the physiological needs like hunger, thirst, etc. Habits are actions that become automatic and do not involve any conscious decision-making. Incentives are external factors that motivate individuals to act in a certain way. Motives, on the other hand, are the internal factors like needs, wants, interests, and desires that propel individuals in certain directions.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion