Question 1

Which of the following statistics is generally used to estimate reliability and validity?
A) the correlation coefficient
B) the standard deviation
C) the percentile score
D) the median

Accepted Answer

The correlation coefficient is generally used to estimate reliability and validity as it measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. A high correlation coefficient indicates a strong relationship and therefore higher reliability and validity. The standard deviation, percentile score, and median are not commonly used for estimation of reliability and validity.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is an example of reification?
A) Birds of a feather flock together.
B) Creative people are born, not raised.
C) She gets good grades in school because she is intelligent.
D) Intelligence tests are only moderate predictors of vocational success.

Accepted Answer

The statement "She gets good grades in school because she is intelligent" is an example of reification, as it treats "intelligence" as a concrete, tangible thing that causes her to get good grades, rather than a complex concept that is influenced by multiple factors.

Question 3

Most school districts consider children who fall in the upper ____________________ of the IQ distribution to be gifted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most school districts consider children who fall...

Question 4

Intelligence testing is largely a(n)____________________ enterprise and does not generally translate into the language and cognitive framework of other cultures except for the Japanese.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intelligence testing is largely a(n)____________________ enterprise and...

Question 5

Steele's theory of stereotype vulnerability is an attempt to explain why
A) Asian-Americans score higher than average on IQ tests.
B) African-Americans score lower than average on IQ tests.
C) cultural bias must necessarily be inherent in all intelligence tests.
D) general intelligence in a population declines over time.

Accepted Answer

Steele's theory of stereotype vulnerability proposes that the negative stereotypes associated with a particular group can lead to anxiety and stress when faced with situations that reinforce those stereotypes. This anxiety can then negatively impact performance, such as in the case of African-American students and IQ tests. Therefore, choice B is the best answer as it aligns with Steele's theory. Choices A, C, and D are not directly related to Steele's theory of stereotype vulnerability.

Question 6

Psychological tests can be categorized into two general categories,tests of ____________________,which include intelligence,aptitude and achievement tests; and ____________________ tests which measure various aspects of individuals like motives,interests,values,and attitudes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychological tests can be categorized into two...

Question 7

When he introduced his adult intelligence scale,____________________ did not use the intelligence quotient scoring scheme that had been part of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test,but instead used a new scoring scheme based on the normal distribution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When he introduced his adult intelligence scale,____________________...

Question 8

____________________ is the term that refers to the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure and is also used to refer to the accuracy or usefulness of the inferences or decisions based on a test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the term that refers to...

Question 9

____________________ is a metabolic disorder (due to an inherited enzyme deficiency)that can lead to retardation if it is not caught and treated in infancy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is a metabolic disorder (due to...

Question 10

What form of mental illness frequently has been found to be associated with outstanding creativity?
A) anxiety disorders
B) antisocial personality
C) schizophrenia
D) mood disorders

Accepted Answer

Mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, have been frequently associated with outstanding creativity. Many creative individuals have been found to experience intense emotional states that can enhance creative thinking.

Question 11

IQ tests are correlated with occupational ____________________,but there is debate as to whether they predict ____________________well.

Accepted Answer

The answer of IQ tests are correlated with occupational ____________________,but...

Question 12

Intelligence tests tend to measure ____ thinking; tests of creativity tend to measure ____ thinking.
A) divergent; convergent
B) divergent; divergent
C) convergent; divergent
D) convergent; convergent

Accepted Answer

Intelligence tests typically measure convergent thinking, which involves finding a single correct solution to a problem. Creativity tests measure divergent thinking, which involves generating multiple, unique solutions to a problem.

Question 13

With respect to modern intelligence tests:
A) validity is generally higher than reliability
B) reliability and validity are about the same
C) reliability is generally higher than validity
D) I have no idea what you're talking about.

Accepted Answer

Reliability, which refers to the consistency of a test, is generally higher than validity, which refers to how well the test measures what it is intended to measure, in modern intelligence tests.

Question 14

Which of the following explanations for racial differences in intelligence is best supported by research evidence?
A) Jensen's heritability theory
B) cultural bias in IQ tests
C) cultural disadvantage
D) Watson's differential conditioning theory

Accepted Answer

Cultural disadvantage is the only explanation for racial differences in intelligence that is supported by research evidence.

Question 15

Modern IQ scoring uses ____________________ IQ scores that indicate where people fall in the normal distribution of intelligence for their age group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Modern IQ scoring uses ____________________ IQ scores...

Question 16

Information about where an individual score on a psychological test ranks,in relation to other scores on that test,is provided by ____________________ that are developed through test standardization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Information about where an individual score on...

Question 17

What kind of validity do tests such as the SAT and ACT particularly strive for?
A) content validity
B) construct validity
C) absolute validity
D) criterion-related validity

Accepted Answer

The SAT and ACT aim for criterion-related validity, which means they strive to predict a student's academic success in college. This is measured by comparing test scores with college grades achieved by previous test-takers.

Question 18

____________________ refers to subaverage general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills,originating before age 18.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ refers to subaverage general mental ability...

Question 19

Studies of ____________________ gifted children suggest that they tend to be either average or above average in social and emotional development while ____________________ gifted children are often introverted and socially isolated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies of ____________________ gifted children suggest that...

Question 20

The measurement consistency of a test is known as ____________________ and is measured using a correlation coefficient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The measurement consistency of a test is...

Quiz 9: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

Which of the following statistics is generally used to estimate reliability and validity?

Which of the following statements is an example of reification?

Most school districts consider children who fall in the upper ____________________ of the IQ distribution to be gifted.

Intelligence testing is largely a(n)____________________ enterprise and does not generally translate into the language and cognitive framework of other cultures except for the Japanese.

Steele's theory of stereotype vulnerability is an attempt to explain why

Psychological tests can be categorized into two general categories,tests of ,which include intelligence,aptitude and achievement tests; and tests which measure various aspects of individuals like motives,interests,values,and attitudes.

When he introduced his adult intelligence scale,____________________ did not use the intelligence quotient scoring scheme that had been part of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test,but instead used a new scoring scheme based on the normal distribution.

____________________ is the term that refers to the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure and is also used to refer to the accuracy or usefulness of the inferences or decisions based on a test.

____________________ is a metabolic disorder (due to an inherited enzyme deficiency)that can lead to retardation if it is not caught and treated in infancy.

What form of mental illness frequently has been found to be associated with outstanding creativity?

IQ tests are correlated with occupational ,but there is debate as to whether they predict well.

Intelligence tests tend to measure thinking; tests of creativity tend to measure thinking.

With respect to modern intelligence tests:

Which of the following explanations for racial differences in intelligence is best supported by research evidence?

Modern IQ scoring uses ____________________ IQ scores that indicate where people fall in the normal distribution of intelligence for their age group.

Information about where an individual score on a psychological test ranks,in relation to other scores on that test,is provided by ____________________ that are developed through test standardization.

What kind of validity do tests such as the SAT and ACT particularly strive for?

____________________ refers to subaverage general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills,originating before age 18.

Studies of gifted children suggest that they tend to be either average or above average in social and emotional development while gifted children are often introverted and socially isolated.

The measurement consistency of a test is known as ____________________ and is measured using a correlation coefficient.