Question 1

Which category of psychoactive drug is best characterized as having a moderate risk for physical dependence associated with a high risk for psychological dependence?
A) cannabis
B) stimulants
C) hallucinogens
D) narcotics

Accepted Answer

Stimulants are known to have a moderate risk for physical dependence and a high risk for psychological dependence due to their effects on the brain's reward system.

Question 2

Recent studies have reported an unexpected link between cannabis use and
A) severe mood disorders, including bipolar disorder.
B) the onset of some dementias, including Alzheimer's disease.
C) severe psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia.
D) the onset of some motor system disorders, including Parkinson's disease.

Accepted Answer

Recent studies have found a clear and significant association between cannabis use and the onset of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Cannabis has been shown to increase the risk of developing psychotic symptoms, and heavy use during adolescence or early adulthood appears to be particularly harmful.

Note: While there is some evidence linking cannabis use with mood disorders and cognitive decline, the association is not as clear and consistent as with psychotic disorders. There is currently no strong evidence linking cannabis use with motor system disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

Question 3

Chronic,heavy use of marijuana is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
A) increased risk for respiratory and pulmonary disease.
B) reduced levels of testosterone.
C) disabling cognitive deficits.
D) increased risks of automobile accidents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chronic,heavy use of marijuana is associated with...

Question 4

Chronic,heavy use of MDMA is NOT associated with
A) depression.
B) reduced fertility.
C) memory deficits.
D) increased anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Chronic, heavy use of MDMA is not associated with reduced fertility. However, it is associated with depression, memory deficits, and increased anxiety.

Question 5

Rachel has been using a non-prescription drug on a regular basis for several years.She has now developed liver disease and ulcers,and she has been in three car accidents.It is most likely that Rachel is a chronic user of
A) LSD.
B) marijuana.
C) sedatives.
D) alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of liver disease and ulcers are most common with chronic alcohol use. Additionally, alcohol impairs judgment and can lead to an increased risk of car accidents. LSD is not typically associated with liver disease or ulcers and marijuana generally does not cause such severe physical effects. Sedatives can also impair judgment and increase the risk of accidents, but they are not typically associated with liver disease and ulcers in the same way that alcohol is.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct effect health-related risk associated with recreational drugs?
A) marijuana can increase the risk of respiratory disease
B) sedatives and alcohol can increase the risk of automobile accidents
C) cocaine can increase the risk of heart attacks
D) alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage

Accepted Answer

The risk of automobile accidents is an indirect effect of using sedatives and alcohol, as it involves an external consequence (accidents) rather than a direct physiological impact on health.

Question 7

Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose?
A) LSD
B) heroin
C) cocaine
D) morphine

Accepted Answer

LSD is a psychedelic substance that typically does not lead to fatal overdose. While LSD use may result in some negative physical and psychological effects, these are usually not life-threatening. In contrast, heroin, cocaine, and morphine can all lead to fatal overdose due to their effects on the respiratory system and heart.

Question 8

Psychoactive drugs that are associated with a low risk of a lethal overdose include all of the following EXCEPT
A) marijuana.
B) hallucinogens.
C) sedatives.
D) cannabis.

Accepted Answer

Sedatives, also known as depressants, can cause respiratory depression and even death at high enough doses. While marijuana and hallucinogens may have other risks associated with their use, they are not typically associated with a lethal overdose. "Cannabis" is essentially synonymous with "marijuana," so it is already included in the first option.

Question 9

There is the greatest amount of debate on the risks associated with which of the following drugs?
A) marijuana
B) alcohol
C) cocaine
D) heroin

Accepted Answer

While there is some debate and controversy surrounding the risks associated with all of these drugs, marijuana is the only one that still remains illegal at the federal level in the United States and has not been extensively studied due to its classification as a Schedule I drug. Furthermore, different studies have produced conflicting results regarding the potential long-term effects of marijuana use, such as impaired cognition and mental health issues, making it a heated topic of discussion.

Question 10

Which of the following drugs would MOST likely result in a fatal overdose?
A) LSD
B) mescaline
C) marijuana
D) morphine

Accepted Answer

Morphine is an opioid and can suppress the respiratory system, leading to fatal overdose if taken in excessive amounts. LSD, mescaline, and marijuana are not known to be lethal in overdose.

Question 11

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the greatest risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?
A) narcotics and sedatives
B) stimulants and hallucinogens
C) sedatives and alcohol
D) cannabis and alcohol

Accepted Answer

Narcotics (such as opioids) and sedatives have the greatest risk for developing physical and psychological dependence. Stimulants and hallucinogens have a lower risk for dependence, while cannabis and alcohol have a moderate risk. Sedatives and alcohol also have a high risk for dependence.

Question 12

The negative effect of recreational drugs that results from the drug's impact on the individual's behavior is referred to as
A) an indirect effect.
B) a direct effect.
C) a lifestyle effect.
D) a codependency effect.

Accepted Answer

An indirect effect refers to the negative consequences that arise from the changes in behavior caused by drug use, rather than the direct physiological effects of the drug itself.

Question 13

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the LEAST risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?
A) hallucinogens
B) stimulants
C) sedatives
D) alcohol

Accepted Answer

Hallucinogens have the least risk for developing physical and psychological dependence compared to other categories of psychoactive drugs. They do not produce tolerance, dependence, or withdrawal symptoms. Examples of hallucinogens include LSD, psilocybin mushrooms, and DMT.

Question 14

Which of the following has NOT been shown to be associated with the use of ecstasy (MDMA)?
A) depression and anxiety
B) memory deficits
C) a high risk for physical dependence
D) strokes and seizures

Accepted Answer

The use of ecstasy (MDMA) has been associated with depression and anxiety, memory deficits, strokes and seizures, but it has not been shown to have a high risk for physical dependence.

Question 15

The ____ neural pathway has been characterized as a "reward pathway" that is believed to be responsible for the reinforcing effects of most abused drugs.
A) cortical
B) medulla-pons
C) mesolimbic dopamine
D) hypothalamus dopamine

Accepted Answer

The mesolimbic dopamine pathway is often referred to as the "reward pathway" and is believed to be responsible for the reinforcing effects of most abused drugs. This pathway originates in the midbrain and projects to the limbic system, which is involved in emotional processing and motivation. Activation of this pathway leads to the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, a key region in the limbic system, which is believed to be responsible for the pleasurable effects of drugs and other rewarding stimuli.

Question 16

Amphetamines appear to exert their main effects by altering the release and reuptake of
A) serotonin and acetylcholine.
B) dopamine and norepinephrine.
C) endorphins.
D) GABA.

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines primarily affect the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine by increasing their release and inhibiting their reuptake, leading to increased stimulation and euphoria.

Question 17

Symptoms such as fever,chills,tremors,convulsions,vomiting,cramps,and diarrhea are associated with
A) consuming psychoactive drugs.
B) tolerance.
C) psychological dependence.
D) physical dependence.

Accepted Answer

These symptoms are all associated with physical dependence, which occurs when the body adapts to the presence of a drug and experiences withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Question 18

Dr.Montgomery has developed a new drug that blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.It is likely that this drug will
A) function as a sedative.
B) have stimulant effects in the body.
C) produce hallucinogenic effects.
D) act as an effective pain killer.

Accepted Answer

Blocking the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine would increase the levels of these neurotransmitters in the synapses, leading to increased activity in the nervous system. This is likely to produce stimulant effects in the body. Sedation, hallucinogenic effects, and pain relief are not generally associated with the activity of dopamine and norepinephrine.

Question 19

Most psychoactive drugs work primarily by altering
A) the functioning of the endocrine system.
B) the functioning of sensory receptor cells.
C) neurotransmitter activity in the brain.
D) neurotransmitter activity in the peripheral nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Most psychoactive drugs work by altering neurotransmitter activity in the brain. They can mimic or block neurotransmitters, or they can affect the reuptake or breakdown of neurotransmitters, which can have a variety of effects on behavior and mood.

Question 20

Ralph has been using a drug on a regular basis for several years.He has now developed damaged nasal membranes,a host of respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease.It is most likely that Ralph is a chronic user of
A) cocaine.
B) marijuana.
C) sedatives.
D) alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are most commonly associated with chronic cocaine use. Cocaine is known to cause damage to nasal membranes, respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease. Marijuana is not typically associated with these specific symptoms, while sedatives and alcohol can cause respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease but not nasal membrane damage.

Quiz 5: Variations in Consciousness

Which category of psychoactive drug is best characterized as having a moderate risk for physical dependence associated with a high risk for psychological dependence?

Recent studies have reported an unexpected link between cannabis use and

Chronic,heavy use of marijuana is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

Chronic,heavy use of MDMA is NOT associated with

Rachel has been using a non-prescription drug on a regular basis for several years.She has now developed liver disease and ulcers,and she has been in three car accidents.It is most likely that Rachel is a chronic user of

Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct effect health-related risk associated with recreational drugs?

Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose?

Psychoactive drugs that are associated with a low risk of a lethal overdose include all of the following EXCEPT

There is the greatest amount of debate on the risks associated with which of the following drugs?

Which of the following drugs would MOST likely result in a fatal overdose?

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the greatest risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

The negative effect of recreational drugs that results from the drug's impact on the individual's behavior is referred to as

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the LEAST risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

Which of the following has NOT been shown to be associated with the use of ecstasy (MDMA) ?

The ____ neural pathway has been characterized as a "reward pathway" that is believed to be responsible for the reinforcing effects of most abused drugs.

Amphetamines appear to exert their main effects by altering the release and reuptake of

Symptoms such as fever,chills,tremors,convulsions,vomiting,cramps,and diarrhea are associated with

Dr.Montgomery has developed a new drug that blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.It is likely that this drug will

Most psychoactive drugs work primarily by altering

Ralph has been using a drug on a regular basis for several years.He has now developed damaged nasal membranes,a host of respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease.It is most likely that Ralph is a chronic user of