Question 1

Derek dropped a hammer on his foot and shrieked a split second later at the intense pain from a newly broken toe.The almost instantaneous pain signals traveled along
A) thin, unmyelinated C fibers.
B) gated endorphin pathways in the hypothalamus.
C) periacqueductal gray neurons in the midbrain.
D) thick, myelinated A-delta fibers.

Accepted Answer

Thick, myelinated A-delta fibers are responsible for the rapid transmission of pain signals from the site of injury to the brain, resulting in the almost instantaneous experience of pain. Thin, unmyelinated C fibers transmit slower, duller, and more persistent pain signals. Gated endorphin pathways in the hypothalamus and periacqueductal gray neurons in the midbrain are involved in pain modulation and inhibition, rather than pain transmission.

Question 2

One's ability to overcome tremendous amounts of pain in certain situations (such as an athlete who plays with a broken foot and does not feel the pain until later)can be partially explained by
A) sympathetic nervous system control mechanisms.
B) the hypnotic induction control theory of pain.
C) an overactive thyroid response (hormone release).
D) the gate-control theory of pain.

Accepted Answer

The gate-control theory of pain suggests that pain signals must pass through a "gate" in the spinal cord before reaching the brain. This "gate" can be closed or opened, allowing or blocking pain signals from reaching the brain. Factors such as emotional state, attention, and previous experiences can affect the opening or closing of the gate, and thus influence one's ability to overcome pain in certain situations.

Question 3

Catelin has had a slow throbbing pain in her ankle since she twisted it roller blading last week.These pain signals are traveling along
A) ungated endorphin pathways in the hypothalamus.
B) thin, unmyelinated C fibers.
C) thick, myelinated A-delta fibers.
D) periacqueductal gray neurons in the midbrain.

Accepted Answer

Thin, unmyelinated C fibers transmit slow, dull pain signals from damaged tissue such as Catelin's ankle. These fibers respond to chemical, thermal, and mechanical stimuli and contribute to the sensation of chronic, aching pain.

Question 4

The pathway that researchers believe mediates the perception of pain originates in
A) the septal nucleus.
B) the periacqueductal gray.
C) the medulla.
D) the medial forebrain bundle.

Accepted Answer

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a region in the brainstem that plays a crucial role in the modulation and perception of pain. It is involved in the descending pain control pathway, which can inhibit pain signals at the spinal cord level.

Question 5

Sal's friend dropped a brick on Sal's foot.If Sal believes that his friend intentionally dropped the brick,Sal is likely to perceive the pain as
A) more intense.
B) less intense.
C) a dull ache.
D) a sharp sensation.

Accepted Answer

This is a psychological phenomenon called "intentional binding." When we believe that someone has intentionally caused our pain, our brain amplifies the pain signals and perceives the pain as more intense. This is because our brain wants to ensure that we are aware enough of the pain so that we can protect ourselves from further harm.

Question 6

Stimulation of sensory receptors of the skin is processed by the
A) septal cortex, which is located in the cerebellum.
B) limbic system, which is located in the hypothalamus.
C) somatosensory cortex, which is located in the parietal lobes.
D) medial forebrain bundle, which is located in the temporal lobes.

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of sensory receptors in the skin is processed by the somatosensory cortex, which is located in the parietal lobes of the brain. This region is responsible for integrating and interpreting sensory information, including touch, pressure, temperature, and pain, from different parts of the body.

Question 7

Which of the following has NOT been shown to influence the perception of pain in humans?
A) culture
B) context
C) attention
D) age

Accepted Answer

Age has been shown to be a factor that can influence the perception of pain in humans. Therefore, it is the option that has not been shown to have an influence that is not correct.

Question 8

The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the
A) location of the injury
B) spinal cord
C) thalamus
D) cortex

Accepted Answer

The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the spinal cord, where a "gate" can modulate the flow of pain signals to the brain. This gate can be opened by nociceptive (pain) signals and closed by non-nociceptive (non-painful touch) signals, helping to regulate the amount of pain that is experienced. The theory also suggests that descending pathways from the brain can influence the opening or closing of the gate, leading to the modulation of pain perception. The location of the injury, thalamus, and cortex may also play a role in pain perception and processing, but they are not specifically implicated in the gate-control theory.

Question 9

Cutting fibers in the neural pathway leading away from the periacqueductal gray in the midbrain
A) reduces the perception of pain.
B) enhances the effects of morphine and other opiate drugs.
C) increases the perception of pain.
D) causes the release of endorphins.

Accepted Answer

Cutting fibers in the neural pathway leading away from the periaqueductal gray (PAG) disrupts the descending pain modulation pathway, which typically inhibits pain signals. This disruption can lead to an increased perception of pain.

Question 10

A theory that can account for the fact that people suffering from pain sometimes report pain relief from a sugar pill placebo is
A) gate-control theory.
B) sensory adaptation theory.
C) perceptual constancy theory.
D) cognitive control theory.

Accepted Answer

The gate-control theory suggests that psychological factors, such as beliefs and expectations, can influence the perception of pain, which explains how a placebo can lead to pain relief.

Question 11

The pathway for pain that results in the experience of pain being less localized and longer lasting is the
A) thalamic pathway.
B) endorphin pathway.
C) slow pathway.
D) generic pathway.

Accepted Answer

The slow pathway, also known as the spinothalamic pathway or the "second pain system," carries information about pain that is slower, less localized, and longer-lasting than the faster and more localized pathway, the "first pain system."

Question 12

Recent research indicates that glial cells might
A) increase the experience of chronic pain.
B) decrease the experience of chronic pain.
C) increase the experience of pain associated with childbirth.
D) decrease the experience of pain associated with childbirth.

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that glial cells might contribute to chronic pain by increasing the sensitization of neurons in the spinal cord and brain. Therefore, glial cells would increase the experience of chronic pain. However, there is no evidence to suggest that they have any effect on the experience of pain associated with childbirth.

Question 13

The newest discovery in the research on the experience of pain is that certain types of ____ may play in important role in chronic pain.
A) free nerve endings
B) glial cells
C) gate neurons
D) endorphins

Accepted Answer

Recent research has shown that glial cells, which were previously thought to primarily provide support and protection to neurons, may also play a key role in chronic pain. Glial cells become activated in response to injury or inflammation and release substances that trigger pain signals to be sent to the brain. This discovery has sparked new avenues of research into potential treatments for chronic pain by targeting glial cells.

Question 14

The fact that what first appeared to be contradictory and incompatible theories on color vision and sound perception lead psychologists to better understand both processes illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?
A) Psychology is empirical.
B) Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
C) Behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
D) Psychology is theoretically diverse.

Accepted Answer

The fact that apparently contradictory theories on color vision and sound perception ultimately enhanced understanding of both processes exemplifies how psychology is theoretically diverse. Different theoretical perspectives can offer valuable insights into a phenomenon, even when initially they appear to be incompatible with one another.

Question 15

Our construction of perceptual hypotheses illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?
A) Psychology is empirical.
B) Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
C) Behavior is determined by multiple causes.
D) Our experience of the world is highly subjective.

Accepted Answer

Our construction of perceptual hypotheses illustrates that our experience of the world is highly subjective, as it involves personal interpretation and perception.

Question 16

Neural transmission in the slow pain pathway depends on
A) thicker, myelinated neurons called A-delta fibers.
B) thin, unmyelinated neurons called C fibers.
C) pulsating neural impulses called pain spindles.
D) opponent process receptors in the area surrounding the injury.

Accepted Answer

The slow pain pathway, also known as the C-fiber pathway or the unmyelinated pathway, depends on thin, unmyelinated neurons called C fibers for neural transmission. These fibers transmit pain signals slowly, leading to a delayed feeling of pain that is often described as aching or burning.

Question 17

Pain messages transmitted to the brain through the fast pathway are associated with ____,while messages transmitted through the slow pathway are associated with ____.
A) external; internal
B) internal; external
C) sharp pain; a longer-lasting aching pain
D) a longer-lasting aching pain; sharp pain

Accepted Answer

Pain messages transmitted through the fast pathway are associated with sharp pain, while messages transmitted through the slow pathway are associated with a longer-lasting aching pain. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 18

Recent research suggests that pain is experienced as less intense when looking at
A) unpleasant pictures.
B) pleasant pictures.
C) pictures of men.
D) pictures of women.

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that viewing pleasant pictures reduces the subjective experience of pain. This effect is due to the activation of the brain's reward system, which can modulate pain perception. Therefore, looking at pleasant pictures can be helpful in reducing pain intensity.

Question 19

A variety of physical stimuli including mechanical,thermal,and chemical energy are the stimuli for the sense of
A) touch.
B) smell.
C) taste.
D) both taste and smell.

Accepted Answer

The sense of touch is stimulated by mechanical, thermal, and chemical energy such as pressure, temperature, and molecules interacting with receptors in the skin. Smell and taste are primarily stimulated by chemical molecules.

Question 20

Cells in the nervous system that respond to touch sensation convey touch information from a specific area of skin or from a
A) receptive field.
B) focal point.
C) target area.
D) tactile trigger.

Accepted Answer

Cells in the nervous system that respond to touch sensation have a receptive field, which is the specific area of skin or sensory organ that activates that particular cell. The other answer choices are not specific or accurate terms for this concept.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception

Derek dropped a hammer on his foot and shrieked a split second later at the intense pain from a newly broken toe.The almost instantaneous pain signals traveled along

One's ability to overcome tremendous amounts of pain in certain situations (such as an athlete who plays with a broken foot and does not feel the pain until later) can be partially explained by

Catelin has had a slow throbbing pain in her ankle since she twisted it roller blading last week.These pain signals are traveling along

The pathway that researchers believe mediates the perception of pain originates in

Sal's friend dropped a brick on Sal's foot.If Sal believes that his friend intentionally dropped the brick,Sal is likely to perceive the pain as

Stimulation of sensory receptors of the skin is processed by the

Which of the following has NOT been shown to influence the perception of pain in humans?

The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the

Cutting fibers in the neural pathway leading away from the periacqueductal gray in the midbrain

A theory that can account for the fact that people suffering from pain sometimes report pain relief from a sugar pill placebo is

The pathway for pain that results in the experience of pain being less localized and longer lasting is the

Recent research indicates that glial cells might

The newest discovery in the research on the experience of pain is that certain types of ____ may play in important role in chronic pain.

The fact that what first appeared to be contradictory and incompatible theories on color vision and sound perception lead psychologists to better understand both processes illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?

Our construction of perceptual hypotheses illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?

Neural transmission in the slow pain pathway depends on

Pain messages transmitted to the brain through the fast pathway are associated with ,while messages transmitted through the slow pathway are associated with .

Recent research suggests that pain is experienced as less intense when looking at

A variety of physical stimuli including mechanical,thermal,and chemical energy are the stimuli for the sense of

Cells in the nervous system that respond to touch sensation convey touch information from a specific area of skin or from a