Question 1

Choosing three of the European countries that were directly involved in the colonization of the African continent, compare and contrast the colonial "styles" of each. For each, give an example of one modern country that is a former colony.

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Question 2

The principal characteristics of the "culture of poverty," according to Oscar Lewis, are __________.

Accepted Answer

Oscar Lewis identified fatalism, apathy, and hopelessness as the principal characteristics of the "culture of poverty." While factors such as malnutrition and poor access to basic necessities may be present in this culture, they are not the defining features according to Lewis. The absence of fathers and older siblings is also not included in Lewis's characterization of the culture of poverty.

Question 3

What is meant by the term "dyadic contract"? Give some examples of the kinds of dyadic contracts that exist in Latin American culture. Have you ever had experience with a dyadic contract? Describe either your personal experience or an example of a dyadic contract in your own culture.

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Question 4

The so-called "culture of poverty" does not exist where poor people __________.

Accepted Answer

The culture of poverty theory suggests that poverty is not just a lack of financial resources, but a set of attitudes, behaviors, and values that are inherently self-perpetuating. However, studies have shown that when poor individuals have access to real opportunities for social mobility, such as education, job training, and upward mobility, they do not exhibit the cultural traits described by the theory. Therefore, if poor people are provided with real opportunities for social mobility, the culture of poverty does not exist.

Question 5

Although both Mexico and Venezuela are oil-producing nations, the standard of living in each of these countries is still well below that of the United States or most European countries for the majority of the population. What are the most important factors responsible for these differences?

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Question 6

What were the effects of the slave trade on African society with respect to mercantilism, warfare, social organization, demography, and technology?

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Question 7

What were the effects of colonialism on the politics of African nations? What are some of the characteristics of African nations today that can be traced directly to the colonial experience?

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Question 8

In open peasant communities, crops are raised primarily for __________.

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Question 9

The term maquiladoras refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

The term maquiladoras refers to factories in Mexico owned and run by multinational corporations. These factories typically operate on Mexican land close to the U.S. border and assemble or manufacture products for export to the United States.

Question 10

The compadrazgo system in Latin America is based on the establishment of kinship ties by becoming someone's __________.

Accepted Answer

The compadrazgo system in Latin America is based on becoming someone's godparent, which establishes a kinship tie between the godparent and the godchild's family. This system is an important social, cultural, and religious tradition in many Latin American countries, particularly among Catholics. The godparent is expected to provide spiritual guidance, financial support, and protection to the godchild, and in return, the godchild is expected to show respect, loyalty, and obedience to the godparent. The compadrazgo system reinforces social networks and solidarity among families and communities, and is also seen as a way to achieve upward social mobility and power.

Question 11

The term mestizo refers to an individual of mixed __________ descent.

Accepted Answer

The term mestizo generally refers to an individual of mixed Indian and European descent.

Question 12

What are some of the ways in which agricultural production administrated by the United Fruit Company in Latin America resembled the hacienda system? What are some of the ways in which it differed?

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Question 13

What were the immediate and long-term effects of colonialism on indigenous people in Latin America? Discuss the impact of disease, religion, and slavery on the region.

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Question 14

Using specific examples from Latin America, compare and contrast one peripheral and one semiperipheral society. What are the specific characteristics that distinguish these societies from one another? What changes would be required to make the peripheral society a semiperipheral one?

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Question 15

As a result of problems with debt repayment, the International Monetary Fund required the Mexican government to cut back on __________.

Accepted Answer

The International Monetary Fund required the Mexican government to cut back on social services as part of their agreement to address their debt repayment issues. This included reducing funding for education, health care, and housing programs.

Question 16

How did European colonization of Africa and Latin America influence ethnicity in each area? How were the effects similar or different? How do they tie into other economic, political, and social circumstances?

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Question 17

An example of a dyadic contract would be the relationship between __________.

Accepted Answer

A dyadic contract involves a specific relationship between two individuals. The relationship between a parent and a godparent is a good example of a dyadic contract as it involves a mutual agreement between two people to care for and support a child.

Question 18

Most anthropologists now agree that __________.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists have recognized that the term "peasants" does not accurately describe the diverse and complex social and economic relations in African agricultural states.

Question 19

A "closed peasant community" is one in which peasants produce agricultural goods primarily for __________.

Accepted Answer

In a closed peasant community, the peasants are self-sufficient and produce agricultural goods primarily for their own local subsistence needs. They do not rely heavily on foreign export or national markets for their produce.

Question 20

What is the status of women in African societies? What are some of the differences in women's roles within urban and rural settings?

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Quiz 14: Globalization in Latin America,Africa, and the Caribbean