Question 1

Unlike early editions of the DSM, DSM-IV-TR recognizes culture-bound syndromes and disorders that are more prevalent in some cultures than in others.These changes show the influence of which model?
A)humanistic
B)existential
C)multicultural
D)multipath

Accepted Answer

The recognition of culture-bound syndromes and disorders in DSM-IV-TR reflects the multicultural model, which emphasizes the importance of cultural factors in understanding and treating mental health issues. This model recognizes that different cultures may have unique experiences and expressions of mental distress, and that understanding and addressing these factors is crucial for effective treatment. The humanistic and existential models focus more on the individual and their subjective experience, while the multipath model emphasizes the complex interplay of biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors in mental health.

Question 2

The conjoint family therapeutic approach developed by Virginia Satir stresses ____.
A)the importance of teaching message-sending and message-receiving skills to family members
B)the importance of shifting the balance of power from the identified patient to the entire family
C)that most family problems arise because family members are too involved with one another
D)that most family problems arise because family members are not sufficiently involved with one another

Accepted Answer

Satir stressed the importance of teaching message-sending and message-receiving skills to family members as a way of improving communication within the family. She believed that communication problems are at the root of many family issues and that improving communication can lead to more functional relationships.

Question 3

The humanistic and existential approaches have been most successful at ____.
A)explaining the relationship between inheritance and stress
B)creating a coherent theory of behavior
C)describing the human condition
D)developing a scientific body of evidence for its concepts

Accepted Answer

The humanistic and existential approaches focus on understanding and describing the human condition, including issues such as meaning, purpose, and self-awareness. These approaches have not been as focused on developing a scientific body of evidence or explaining biological factors such as inheritance and stress. While they offer theories of behavior, these are not as coherent as those offered by other approaches such as behavioral or cognitive psychology.

Question 4

Tuyet-Hoa says, "I tend to focus on the individual and how that person can reach his or her full potential.I am optimistic that people can fulfill themselves when they are free of society's burdening expectations." Tuyet-Hoa's ideas sound most like ____.
A)Ellis's A-B-C theory of personality
B)Thorndike's "law of effect"
C)humanistic thinking
D)existential thinking

Accepted Answer

Tuyet-Hoa's focus on the individual's potential and optimism align with principles of humanistic thinking, which emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 5

One limitation of the family systems approach is that ____.
A)id processes are overemphasized but ego and superego processes are ignored
B)little research has been done to test the basic elements of the model
C)research has failed to support the theory's central idea that family relationships contribute to the development of mental disorders
D)research studies have generally not been rigorous in design

Accepted Answer

The answer of One limitation of the family systems approach...

Question 6

A reasonable criticism of the multicultural model is that it ____.
A)relies too heavily on scientific evidence for its assumptions
B)lacks empirical validation of its assumptions
C)makes biased, culture-bound assumptions about human nature
D)seeks to find universal explanations for mental health problems

Accepted Answer

The multicultural model has been criticized for having a lack of empirical validation of its assumptions, particularly the assumption that different cultural groups have unique cultural values and beliefs that influence their mental health. Some researchers argue that this assumption relies on stereotypes and may not be true for all individuals within a particular cultural group.

Question 7

The existential and humanistic approaches differ from one another in that the existentialists emphasize ____.
A)the need for society to control and restrict the antisocial impulses of individuals
B)responsibility to society as well as personal responsibility
C)the importance of the therapist's interpretation of the client's difficulties in life
D)optimism

Accepted Answer

Existentialists emphasize personal responsibility and the individual's responsibility to society, distinguishing their approach from humanistic psychology, which focuses more on personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 8

Which of the following approaches would be most likely to emphasize how other people, especially significant others, influence our behavior?
A)family systems
B)existentialist
C)behavioral
D)cognitive

Accepted Answer

The family systems approach emphasizes how individuals are influenced by the systems of relationships they are a part of, especially their family and significant others. This approach recognizes the importance of social context in shaping behavior, beliefs, and values.

Question 9

According to the multicultural model, cultural differences ____.
A)result from the interplay of undesirable elements in a person's biological makeup
B)result from not being born into the "right culture"
C)are unimportant
D)do not necessarily equate with deviance

Accepted Answer

According to the multicultural model, cultural differences do not necessarily equate with deviance. Instead, cultural differences are seen as a natural and valuable aspect of human diversity. This model recognizes and respects cultural differences while promoting cooperation and understanding among different cultures. A and B are incorrect because they suggest that cultural differences are negative or undesirable, which is contrary to the multicultural model. C is also incorrect because cultural differences are seen as significant and should be acknowledged and celebrated.

Question 10

Humanistic therapists ____.
A)emphasize the use of specific techniques in therapy
B)withhold unconditional positive regard when clients are unwilling to accept personal responsibility
C)do not need training to develop clinical skills because it is their attitude that is paramount for effecting therapeutic change
D)believe that people are able to advance and grow on their own

Accepted Answer

Humanistic therapists believe in the capacity for people to grow and develop on their own. They view the therapist's role as a supportive facilitator of that growth, rather than someone who provides specific techniques or solutions. Humanistic therapy emphasizes the importance of the therapist creating a safe and accepting environment for the client to explore their own feelings and experiences. Additionally, unconditional positive regard (acceptance and nonjudgmental understanding) is considered a core element of humanistic therapy.

Question 11

Are traditional psychoanalytic therapy and humanistic psychotherapies effective in helping severely disturbed people?
A)Only humanistic psychotherapies are effective; traditional psychoanalytic therapy is not.
B)Psychoanalytic and humanistic psychotherapies do not work well with severely disturbed people.
C)Both psychotherapies are designed to help severely disturbed people.
D)Only traditional psychoanalytic therapy is effective; humanistic psychotherapies are not.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic and humanistic psychotherapies often focus on self-exploration and may not directly address the specific needs or symptoms of severely disturbed individuals, who might benefit more from structured or symptom-focused therapies.

Question 12

Dr.Castillo says, "I look at psychopathology in terms of human suffering and the alienation that individuals now feel in an increasingly impersonal world.We are responsible for our actions, and responsible to others as well." Dr.Castillo's remarks best illustrate which approach?
A)humanistic
B)cognitive
C)post-Freudian
D)existential

Accepted Answer

Dr. Castillo's remarks reflect the existential approach, which emphasizes individual responsibility, the search for meaning, and the focus on human suffering and alienation in a seemingly impersonal world. This approach is concerned with understanding the human condition and the individual's existence within it.

Question 13

Which perspective is not really a systemized school of thought, and instead is more like a set of attitudes that emphasizes the individual's quest for meaning and personal responsibility for choices?
A)existential
B)cognitive
C)psychodynamic
D)behavioral

Accepted Answer

The existential perspective is not really a systemized school of thought in the same way that the other options are. It is more of a loose set of attitudes that prioritize the individual's search for meaning and personal responsibility for their own choices. The other perspectives listed are more structured and have specific theories or techniques associated with them.

Question 14

Before contemporary multicultural models were developed, racial differences in rates of mental disorder were often explained in terms of ____.
A)cultural deprivation
B)automatic thoughts
C)therapists' biases in diagnosis
D)double binds

Accepted Answer

Before contemporary multicultural models were developed, racial differences in rates of mental disorder were often explained in terms of cultural deprivation, meaning that certain racial and ethnic groups lacked the cultural resources and experiences necessary for healthy mental functioning.

Question 15

Alicia and Isaac are planning to get married.Before they begin to make plans, they want to ensure that they can deal effectively with conflicts that might arise from being raised in very different cultures.Among the potential problems they might encounter are their respective roles in the relationship and how to communicate their feelings to each other.They would most likely seek out a therapist who specializes in ____.
A)family therapy
B)behavioral therapy
C)couples therapy
D)group therapy

Accepted Answer

Couples therapy focuses specifically on helping couples navigate and resolve conflicts in their relationship. A therapist specializing in this type of therapy would be best suited to help Alicia and Isaac address the potential cultural differences and communication issues that may arise in their relationship. Family therapy may also be appropriate if the conflicts involve their families of origin, but given the specific focus on their relationship, couples therapy is the most appropriate option. Behavioral therapy and group therapy may not be as relevant to their particular concerns.

Question 16

Joseph is a hardheaded scientist who puts high value on objective investigation and the clear definition of terms.The model of psychopathology he is most likely to value is ____.
A)humanistic
B)psychoanalytical
C)behavioral
D)existential

Accepted Answer

Joseph's focus on objective investigation and clear definition of terms align with the behavioral model of psychopathology, which emphasizes observable behavior and measurable outcomes. The humanistic and existential models prioritize subjective experience and personal growth, while the psychoanalytical model emphasizes unconscious processes and early childhood experiences.

Question 17

Which early model of psychopathology believed that differences between various minority groups and their white counterparts resulted from minority groups not being as good as the white majority?
A)the deficit model
B)the inferiority model
C)the Jensen model
D)the deprivation model

Accepted Answer

The inferiority model posited that minority groups were inherently inferior to the white majority, explaining differences in behavior and achievement as a result of this perceived inferiority.

Question 18

Anita's therapist suggests that she enter into a therapy group that the therapist is starting.Which of the following features is least likely to be a benefit Anita will experience from participating in group therapy?
A)getting special attention from her therapist that she would not get in private sessions
B)developing new communication skills, social skills, and insights
C)becoming involved in a social situation so the therapist can see how Anita's behavior affects others
D)getting strong social and emotional support

Accepted Answer

Group therapy is focused on having participants interact with each other and work on their issues together. While the therapist may provide some guidance and support, the special attention that Anita may receive in private sessions is not a feature of group therapy.

Question 19

As we learn more about human behavior and mental disorders, the research suggests that ____.
A)behavioral explanations are superior to the others
B)cultural factors are more important than biological or psychological factors
C)biological, psychological, and cultural factors are all important
D)most of the models are so different that there is little room for their integration

Accepted Answer

Research in the fields of psychology and psychiatry suggest that a combination of biological, psychological, and cultural factors contribute to human behavior and the development of mental disorders. There is no one single explanation that is superior or more important than the others. Different models and theories can be integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of human behavior and mental disorders.

Question 20

A psychologist who supports the multicultural model would most likely say that ____.
A)some cultures value family identity more than individuality
B)Western cultures value "belongingness" over individualism
C)European American therapists place too little importance on the problems within the person
D)almost all non-Western cultures value individuality over collectivity

Accepted Answer

A psychologist who supports the multicultural model would emphasize the importance of understanding and respecting cultural differences, including values and beliefs surrounding family and individual identity. Choice B is incorrect as the multicultural model recognizes that individualism vs collectivism is not simply a matter of Western vs non-Western cultures. Choice C is not necessarily true and does not relate directly to the multicultural model. Choice D is also incorrect as not all non-Western cultures prioritize individuality over collectivity.

Quiz 2: Models of Abnormal Behavior

Unlike early editions of the DSM, DSM-IV-TR recognizes culture-bound syndromes and disorders that are more prevalent in some cultures than in others.These changes show the influence of which model?

The conjoint family therapeutic approach developed by Virginia Satir stresses ____.

The humanistic and existential approaches have been most successful at ____.

Tuyet-Hoa says, "I tend to focus on the individual and how that person can reach his or her full potential.I am optimistic that people can fulfill themselves when they are free of society's burdening expectations." Tuyet-Hoa's ideas sound most like ____.

One limitation of the family systems approach is that ____.

A reasonable criticism of the multicultural model is that it ____.

The existential and humanistic approaches differ from one another in that the existentialists emphasize ____.

Which of the following approaches would be most likely to emphasize how other people, especially significant others, influence our behavior?

According to the multicultural model, cultural differences ____.

Humanistic therapists ____.

Are traditional psychoanalytic therapy and humanistic psychotherapies effective in helping severely disturbed people?

Dr.Castillo says, "I look at psychopathology in terms of human suffering and the alienation that individuals now feel in an increasingly impersonal world.We are responsible for our actions, and responsible to others as well." Dr.Castillo's remarks best illustrate which approach?

Which perspective is not really a systemized school of thought, and instead is more like a set of attitudes that emphasizes the individual's quest for meaning and personal responsibility for choices?

Before contemporary multicultural models were developed, racial differences in rates of mental disorder were often explained in terms of ____.

Joseph is a hardheaded scientist who puts high value on objective investigation and the clear definition of terms.The model of psychopathology he is most likely to value is ____.

Which early model of psychopathology believed that differences between various minority groups and their white counterparts resulted from minority groups not being as good as the white majority?

Anita's therapist suggests that she enter into a therapy group that the therapist is starting.Which of the following features is least likely to be a benefit Anita will experience from participating in group therapy?

As we learn more about human behavior and mental disorders, the research suggests that ____.

A psychologist who supports the multicultural model would most likely say that ____.