Question 1

Which of the following is a difference between fertility and fecundity?
A)Fertility refers to the number of births that occur in a particular population,while fecundity refers to the number of deaths that occur in a particular population.
B)Fertility refers to the number of live births occurring in a particular population during a given year for each 1,000 people,while fecundity refers to the total number of deaths for every 1,000 people.
C)Fertility refers to the number of years,on average,that people can expect to live,while fecundity refers to the number of live births occurring in a particular population during a given year.
D)Fertility refers to the actual number of children born,while fecundity refers to the biological maximum number of children that could be born.

Accepted Answer

Fertility refers to the actual number of children born in a population, while fecundity refers to the biological maximum number of children that could be born. Therefore, D is the correct choice. A, B, and C are incorrect because they either refer to death rates or life expectancy rather than fertility or fecundity.

Question 2

What is the major drawback of racially segregating minorities in ghettos?
A)It leads to negative stereotyping,hostility,and prejudice.
B)It spreads the problem of poverty more evenly around a metropolitan area.
C)Ghettos encourage decentralization of urban areas.
D)Ghettos are taxed at a higher rate than other areas of a city.

Accepted Answer

Racially segregating minorities in ghettos leads to negative stereotyping, hostility, and prejudice. This perpetuates a cycle of discrimination and inequality, making it more difficult for individuals living in these areas to escape poverty and improve their socioeconomic status. It also limits opportunities for interaction and understanding between different racial and ethnic groups, contributing to social divisions and tensions within society.

Question 3

The defensible space strategy focuses on ________.
A)spreading poverty evenly around a metropolitan area by developing ghettos so that communities are grouped together
B)the segregation of neighborhoods to promote stability
C)the physical environment of neighborhoods that makes it easier for people to protect themselves against crime
D)reducing tensions between racial groups

Accepted Answer

The defensible space strategy is about creating a physical environment that promotes safety and helps people protect themselves against crime. It does not involve spreading poverty or promoting segregation. While reducing tensions between racial groups is important, it is not the focus of the defensible space strategy.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of extensive urbanization in the United States?
A)Lands located within cities are inexpensive,easily available,and ready for construction.
B)Most industries and jobs in industrial societies are located in cities,and people are drawn to cities to find work.
C)The increasing affluence of people in the United States made it feasible for people to live in cities.
D)The Federal Housing Administration (FHA)and Veterans Administration (VA)made available federally guaranteed mortgage loans for the purchase of new homes within cities.

Accepted Answer

Extensive urbanization in the United States is primarily driven by the concentration of industries and job opportunities in cities, which attracts people looking for work. This has been the case for many decades, dating back to the Industrial Revolution. Options A and D are not true as lands within cities are often expensive and federally guaranteed mortgage loans were not the primary driver of urbanization. Option C is partially true, as increased affluence has made it easier for some people to choose to live in cities, but it is not the primary factor driving extensive urbanization.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the Green Revolution strategy?
A)It was implemented to head off the threat of massive famine by making it possible to produce far larger crops from the same amount of land.
B)It became the panacea for the world food problem.
C)It had a minimum impact on biological uniformity as its emphasis was on growing a broad range of crops with a short turnaround time.
D)It relied extensively on the use of natural fertilizers.

Accepted Answer

The Green Revolution strategy was implemented to increase crop yields and feed a growing population, reducing the threat of massive famine. It achieved this by introducing high-yielding crop varieties, modern irrigation, and chemical fertilizers.

Answer: B
 While the Green Revolution was successful in increasing crop yields and averting famine in many parts of the world, it was not a panacea for the world food problem. Many countries still face food insecurity and hunger.

Answer: C
 The Green Revolution did have an impact on biological uniformity as its emphasis was on growing a narrow range of high-yielding crop varieties. This led to a loss of genetic diversity in agricultural systems.

Answer: D
 The Green Revolution relied extensively on the use of chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals, rather than natural fertilizers. This led to concerns about the environmental and health impacts of these chemicals.

Question 6

According to the ________ perspective,population becomes a social problem when those who control the economic system take steps to limit artificially the resources available in order to benefit a particular group of people.
A)behaviorist
B)interactionist
C)conflict
D)functionalist

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective in sociology argues that social problems arise when dominant groups exploit or oppress subordinate ones, and in the context of population issues, this perspective suggests that problems occur when those in control of the economy manipulate resource availability to benefit themselves at the expense of others.

Question 7

A similarity between the preindustrial stage and the postindustrial stage of demographic transition is that ________.
A)the availability of better and more food helped people resist infectious diseases and reduced infant mortality
B)people were encouraged to have large families so the birthrate stayed high
C)the improvement in lifestyle resulted in falling death rates
D)it resulted in a roughly stable population that grew slowly

Accepted Answer

In both the preindustrial and postindustrial stages of demographic transition, the population tends to grow slowly or remain stable. In the preindustrial stage, this stability is due to high birth rates and high death rates. In the postindustrial stage, it's because of low birth rates and low death rates, reflecting changes in societal norms, economic conditions, and advancements in healthcare.

Question 8

The ________ perspective stresses that population conditions become social problems,in part,because of people's social definition of what is desirable or essential in their lives.
A)interactionist
B)behaviorist
C)conflict
D)functionalist

Accepted Answer

The interactionist perspective emphasizes on how people's social definition shapes what they believe to be desirable or essential in their lives. This perspective believes that social problems arise from the interactions between individuals and groups and the meanings they ascribe to their situations. Hence, the interactionist perspective is the best fit for the statement.

Question 9

After marriage,Joe and Monica decide to shift to Milano,a peaceful,multicultural residential area located on the outskirts of the city of Robinville.Milano is an example of a ________.
A)settlement
B)ghetto
C)suburb
D)village

Accepted Answer

Milano is described as a residential area located on the outskirts of a city, which matches the definition of a suburb. A settlement can be any type of populated area, while a ghetto typically refers to a section of a city where a specific ethnic or social group is isolated or excluded. A village is a small community usually located in rural areas.

Question 10

The ________ actively promoted the idea that neighborhoods should be racially segregated.
A)Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)program
B)Community Reinvestment Act of 1977
C)Housing Act of 1949
D)Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

Accepted Answer

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) actively promoted the idea of racial segregation in neighborhoods by refusing to insure mortgages in areas with racially mixed populations. This policy, known as redlining, contributed to the racial segregation of U.S. cities.

Question 11

________ is the study of the size,composition,and distribution of human populations and how these factors change over time.
A)Gerontology
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Demography
D)Socialism

Accepted Answer

Demography is the study of the size, composition, and distribution of human populations and how these factors change over time. Gerontology is the study of aging, Ethnocentrism is a belief in the superiority of one's own ethnicity, and Socialism is a political and economic theory advocating for collective or government ownership and distribution of resources.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes capitalism?
A)It is based on achieving societal goals,such as providing adequate food and housing or keeping illness rates at an acceptable level.
B)It is based on changing systems of production and distribution that would lead to a broader and more equitable distribution of resources among groups.
C)It is based on making profits as food and other goods are not produced unless someone can make a profit from producing and selling them.
D)It is based on producing food and other goods for human needs rather than making profits.

Accepted Answer

Capitalism is an economic system where producers aim to make a profit by producing and selling goods and services. The production and distribution of goods and services in a capitalist economy are determined by the laws of supply and demand and the market price. This means that goods and services are only produced if someone can make a profit from producing and selling them.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of the functionalist perspective on population growth?
A)Population and urban problems are as much about subjective definitions of reality as they are about objective conditions.
B)Population becomes a social problem when those who control the economic system take steps to limit artificially the resources available in order to benefit a particular group of people.
C)Population and urban problems are due more to an inequitable distribution of resources than to a lack of resources.
D)Population will eventually grow larger than the food supply can support if the tendency toward population growth continues unchecked.

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective on population growth suggests that if the tendency toward population growth continues unchecked, population will eventually grow larger than the food supply can support. This view is based on the premise that population growth is a natural response to an abundance of resources, but eventually results in a scarcity of resources. The functionalist perspective does not focus on subjective definitions of reality, control of the economic system, or inequitable distribution of resources as the primary causes of population and urban problems.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes demographic transition?
A)It refers to an upper-size limit that is imposed on a population by its environmental resources and that cannot be permanently exceeded.
B)It refers to movement into a particular country.
C)It refers to the changing patterns of birth and death rates that are brought about by industrialization.
D)It refers to moving out of a particular country.

Accepted Answer

Demographic transition refers to the historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low levels in a population. Industrialization brings about changes in the society that eventually result in lower fertility and mortality rates, leading to demographic transition.

Question 15

Dnipro is a well-developed nation.The country has transformed itself into a major industrial powerhouse in the last three decades.However,the increasing affluence along with improvements in lifestyle has contributed to a low death rate.Similarly,rapid urbanization and inflation have led couples to desire small families,which has affected the country's birth rate.This has resulted in a relatively stable population with little growth.Hence,Dnipro is in the ________ stage of demographic transition.
A)industrial
B)postindustrial
C)preindustrial
D)transitional

Accepted Answer

Dnipro is described as having a low death rate and a low birth rate due to increased affluence, improvements in lifestyle, and a preference for smaller families due to urbanization and inflation. These characteristics are indicative of the postindustrial stage of demographic transition, where populations stabilize or even begin to decline slightly due to very low birth and death rates.

Question 16

Population refers to the ________.
A)actual number of children born
B)total number of people inhabiting a particular geographic area at a specified time
C)biological maximum number of children that could be born
D)the changing patterns of birth and death rates brought about by industrialization

Accepted Answer

Population refers to the total number of people inhabiting a particular geographic area at a specified time. Option A refers only to the number of children born, while option C refers to the maximum number of children that could be born, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual population. Option D refers to a specific factor that can affect population growth, but does not define population itself.

Question 17

Paolo,an Italian American,lives in Hamford,a neighborhood dominated by Italian Americans.Four generations of Paolo's family have lived in Hamford.The neighborhood is isolated and has little contact with other communities.Hamford is an example of a ________.
A)village
B)county
C)suburb
D)ghetto

Accepted Answer

The description of Hamford as a neighborhood dominated by Italian Americans, with little contact with other communities, and where four generations of Paolo's family have lived, suggests that it is a ghetto. A ghetto is a particular area or neighborhood where a minority group is confined or isolated from the rest of society.

Question 18

Why did the Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration promote residential segregation of neighborhoods?
A)to spread the burden of assisting the poor throughout the metropolitan area
B)to encourage decentralization of urban areas
C)to reduce the need for corporations or service industries to concentrate their facilities in one neighborhood
D)to promote more neighborhood stability and higher property values

Accepted Answer

The Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration promoted residential segregation of neighborhoods to promote more neighborhood stability and higher property values. This was achieved through practices like redlining, which systematically denied mortgages and insurance to people in certain areas, often based on race, thereby segregating neighborhoods and influencing their economic stability and growth.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the transitional stage of demographic transition?
A)It is characterized by high birthrates and high death rates,resulting in a population that grows slowly,if at all.
B)The falling death rates occur because of improvements in lifestyle resulting from industrial development.
C)The decline in the birthrate was a response to the impact of industrialization on cultural values regarding childbearing.
D)It is characterized by low birthrates and low death rates,resulting in a roughly stable population with little growth.

Accepted Answer

The transitional stage of demographic transition is characterized by falling death rates due to improvements in lifestyle resulting from industrial development, which is described in option B. Option A describes the pre-transition stage, option C describes the post-transition stage, and option D describes the fourth stage of demographic transition.

Question 20

________ refers to the total number of deaths for every 1,000 people.
A)Crude death rate
B)Life expectancy
C)Rate of natural increase
D)Relative death rate

Accepted Answer

Crude death rate is the total number of deaths for every 1,000 people in a population. It is a commonly used measure of mortality and is calculated by dividing the number of deaths in a given year by the mid-year population and multiplying by 1,000.

Quiz 13: Population Growth and Urbanization

Which of the following is a difference between fertility and fecundity?

What is the major drawback of racially segregating minorities in ghettos?

The defensible space strategy focuses on ________.

Which of the following is true of extensive urbanization in the United States?

Which of the following is true of the Green Revolution strategy?

According to the ________ perspective,population becomes a social problem when those who control the economic system take steps to limit artificially the resources available in order to benefit a particular group of people.

A similarity between the preindustrial stage and the postindustrial stage of demographic transition is that ________.

The ________ perspective stresses that population conditions become social problems,in part,because of people's social definition of what is desirable or essential in their lives.

After marriage,Joe and Monica decide to shift to Milano,a peaceful,multicultural residential area located on the outskirts of the city of Robinville.Milano is an example of a ________.

The ________ actively promoted the idea that neighborhoods should be racially segregated.

________ is the study of the size,composition,and distribution of human populations and how these factors change over time.

Which of the following best describes capitalism?

Which of the following is true of the functionalist perspective on population growth?

Which of the following best describes demographic transition?

Population refers to the ________.

Paolo,an Italian American,lives in Hamford,a neighborhood dominated by Italian Americans.Four generations of Paolo's family have lived in Hamford.The neighborhood is isolated and has little contact with other communities.Hamford is an example of a ________.

Why did the Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration promote residential segregation of neighborhoods?

Which of the following is true of the transitional stage of demographic transition?

________ refers to the total number of deaths for every 1,000 people.