Question 1

According to the conflict perspective,the health-care system in the U.S.is characterized by ________.

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective suggests that there is competition between various interest groups for their fair share of resources within the health-care system in the U.S. This means that different groups are fighting for access to limited medical resources, leading to imbalances and inequality in the distribution of healthcare services. Therefore, option B is the best choice. Option A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the realities of the health-care system in the U.S as it exists from a conflict perspective.

Question 2

A diagnostic process is said to be reliable if ________.

Accepted Answer

Reliability in a diagnostic process refers to the consistency of the results obtained. If the same diagnosis is made of the same patient by different professionals, it indicates that the diagnostic process is reliable. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Options A, C, and D do not accurately define reliability in a diagnostic process.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases are long-term health conditions that can be managed but not cured. They require continuous health care and often involve changes in lifestyle. They are not caused by an organism or parasite and do not have a quick onset. They were not the leading cause of deaths in preindustrial societies, as infectious diseases and malnutrition were more prevalent at that time.

Question 4

According to the functionalist perspective,the health-care system becomes a social problem when ________.

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective on social institutions, including the health-care system, emphasizes their role in maintaining the stability and functionality of society. According to this perspective, the health-care system becomes a social problem when it fails to perform its primary function, which is to return individuals to their normal social functioning after illness or injury.

Question 5

The difference between poor women and affluent women is that poor women are ________.

Accepted Answer

Poor women are less likely to have access to prenatal care, which can result in infants with low birth weights. Affluent women are more likely to have access to better health care and preventive services, such as prenatal checkups. The other options (A, B, and C) are not true for poor women compared to affluent women.

Question 6

According to psychiatrist Thomas Szasz,mental disorders ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to psychiatrist Thomas Szasz,mental disorders ________.
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Question 7

________ is the treatment of people's illnesses after they become ill.

Accepted Answer

Curative medicine is defined as the treatment of illnesses after they have manifested in the body. This can include medications, surgeries, therapies, and other interventions aimed at curing or managing an illness. Preventive medicine, on the other hand, focuses on stopping illnesses before they occur, and epidemiology is the study of how diseases spread and how to control them. Dystrophy refers to a group of disorders that result in progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue.

Question 8

Which of the following measures has been taken by hospitals to cut back on their costs and increase their profits?

Accepted Answer

Cutting back on services to patients and placing heavy workloads on nurses is a measure that hospitals have taken to cut back on their costs and increase their profits.

Question 9

Which of the following is a limitation of the medical model on mental illness?

Accepted Answer

The medical model tends to focus solely on biological factors and can therefore overlook the many social and environmental factors that can contribute to mental illness. This can lead to a narrow understanding of mental health and may limit the effectiveness of treatments.

Question 10

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons,the preferred or most functional human condition is ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Talcott Parsons, health is the most preferred or functional human condition because it enables individuals to perform their roles in society effectively. This includes both physical and mental health, as well as the absence of any chronic conditions that may hinder one's ability to participate in social activities.

Question 11

Which of the following views is expressed by people who consider mental illness as a form of deviance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following views is expressed...

Question 12

________ is a mode of payment in which a patient pays premiums into a fund,and the doctor or hospital is paid from this fund for each treatment provided to the patient.

Accepted Answer

Third-party medicine refers to a mode of payment in which a patient pays premiums into a fund, and the doctor or hospital is paid from this fund for each treatment provided to the patient. This third party can be an insurance company or government program such as Medicare or Medicaid. Medical underwriting refers to the process of evaluating a person's health and medical history before providing them with insurance coverage. Out-of-pocket payment refers to the patient paying for medical expenses directly without the involvement of any third party, while preventive medicine refers to measures taken to prevent illness or disease.

Question 13

The initial reactions of people in political and economic power to the spread and control of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)implied that ________

Accepted Answer

The initial reactions of people in political and economic power to the spread and control of AIDS showed that societal reaction to diseases results from a complex intertwining of biology with political, social, and cultural considerations. The stigma and discrimination attached to the disease highlighted the importance of understanding the social and cultural contexts in which the disease is perceived and addressed. Thus, option A is the best choice as it captures the complexities involved in societal reactions to diseases.

Question 14

The country of Duligan is undergoing major changes in its health-care system.Many interest groups have begun to propagate the community treatment approach for the treatment of the mentally ill.As a result,the government was forced to open many community health centers.Consequently,many mentally ill people began to be treated in these community centers than in psychiatric wards of mental hospitals.This shift in the treatment of the mentally ill is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The shift in the treatment of mentally ill patients from psychiatric wards of mental hospitals to community health centers as a result of the propagation of the community treatment approach is known as deinstitutionalization. Primary deviance refers to norm violations that have little influence on a person's self-concept, while mechanization pertains to the use of machines and automated systems. Preventive medicine refers to measures taken to prevent the onset of diseases.

Question 15

Which of the following perspectives is particularly useful to understand the societal reaction to some diseases like acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)and mental illness?

Accepted Answer

The interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals and groups interact, interpret, and respond to their social world, including health issues. It is particularly useful for understanding societal reactions to diseases like AIDS and mental illness because it examines how these conditions are socially constructed, stigmatized, and managed within communities and through social interactions.

Question 16

The medical model views mental illness as ________.

Accepted Answer

The medical model views mental illness as a problem having the same basic nature as physical illness, meaning that mental illnesses are seen as medical conditions that require medical treatment.

Question 17

Damien's family has a history of deaths due to heart diseases.In order to avoid heart problems,Damien adopts a healthy lifestyle by following a balanced diet and exercise regime.Therefore,Damien is using ________ to avoid heart problems.

Accepted Answer

Preventive medicine aims to prevent the occurrence of diseases or health problems by adopting a healthy lifestyle, getting regular check-ups, and taking necessary vaccinations. Damien is following a balanced diet and exercise regime to avoid any heart problems, which falls under the preventive medicine category. Curative medicine deals with treating the disease or health problem after it has occurred, crisis medicine deals with emergency situations, and palliative medicine focuses on relieving the pain and symptoms of a disease.

Question 18

Julia is weak and tired as she has a fever.Her manager allows her to take leave till she recovers.Her husband,Mike,takes over the responsibility for household chores.He allows her to rest and relieves her from doing any work.What privilege is given to Julia due to her illness?

Accepted Answer

Julia is being allowed to take on the "sick role," as described by sociologist Talcott Parsons. This is a temporary role of being exempt from normal social obligations and responsibilities due to an illness or injury. By allowing Julia to take on this role, her manager and husband are acknowledging her condition and the need for her to focus on recovering without the additional stress of household chores or work duties.

Question 19

________ diseases progress over a long period of time and often exist long before they are detected.

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases progress slowly and often have no symptoms in the early stages, making them difficult to detect until they have advanced. Examples include diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Acute diseases, on the other hand, come on quickly and typically have a short duration. Epidemic and endemic refer to the spread of diseases within populations, rather than the characteristics of the disease progression.

Question 20

The violation of social norms in which the violator is not caught or is excused rather than labeled as a deviant is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Primary deviance refers to the initial act of violating a social norm, which may not necessarily result in being labeled as deviant. If the violator is not caught or excused, they may not face any further consequences or social labeling. Secondary deviance, on the other hand, refers to the subsequent deviant behavior that results from being labeled as deviant. Causality refers to the relationship between cause and effect, and scapegoating refers to blaming an individual or group for problems or issues in society without evidence.

Quiz 4: Health and Illness