Question 1

If a mother has been diagnosed as having the AIDS virus,which of the following is most likely to be suggested to help reduce the likelihood that the AIDS virus will be transmitted to her fetus?
A)Testing the baby for infection early in the pregnancy
B)Vaccinating the fetus while in the womb
C)Treating the mother with AZT during pregnancy
D)Breastfeeding the baby as soon as it is born

Accepted Answer

Treating the mother with zidovudine (AZT)during pregnancy and the infant after birth reduces the likelihood that the AIDS virus will be transmitted to the infant.

Question 2

At what stage of pregnancy is syphilis most likely to be damaging?
A)Four months or more after conception
B)During conception
C)During implantation
D)In the first trimester of pregnancy

Accepted Answer

Syphilis (a sexually transmitted infection)is more damaging later in prenatal development-four months or more after conception.

Question 3

When a mother's blood type is Rh negative and the child's blood type is Rh positive:
A)there is no available medical treatment for such incompatibility of blood types.
B)certain prescription drugs can be taken by the mother to keep the baby safe.
C)breastfeeding is not recommended for the first two months.
D)the baby may be given blood transfusions before or immediately after birth.

Accepted Answer

To counteract the effects of Rh incompatibility,affected babies can be given blood transfusions before or immediately after birth.

Question 4

_____ is a sexually transmitted infection and it damages organs after they have formed.
A)Rubella
B)Eczema herpeticum
C)Pseudoangiomatosis
D)Syphilis

Accepted Answer

Syphilis (a sexually transmitted infection)is more damaging later in prenatal
development-four months or more after conception.Rather than affecting organogenesis,
as rubella does,syphilis damages organs after they have formed.

Question 5

A woman with which of the following diseases is most likely to deliver a very large infant (weighing 10 pounds or more)?
A)AIDS
B)Rubella
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Syphilis

Accepted Answer

Women who have gestational diabetes (a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes develop high blood glucose levels during pregnancy)may deliver very large infants (weighing 10 pounds or more),and the infants themselves are at risk for diabetes.

Question 6

The greatest risk for prenatal defects exists when a mother contracts rubella:
A)in the third month of pregnancy.
B)in the second trimester of pregnancy.
C)right before birth.
D)in the third or fourth week of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The greatest prenatal damage occurs if a mother contracts rubella in the third or fourth week of pregnancy,although infection during the second month is also damaging.

Question 7

The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has given the following recommendations for women of childbearing age and young children: Eat up to 12 ounces (two average meals)a week of:
A)swordfish.
B)shark.
C)king mackerel.
D)catfish.

Accepted Answer

The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has given the following recommendations for women of childbearing age and young children: Don't eat shark,swordfish,king mackerel,or tilefish;eat up to 12 ounces (two average meals)a week of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury,such as shrimp,canned light tuna,salmon,pollock,and catfish.

Question 8

Pregnant women under stress are more likely to:
A)have babies with limb defects.
B)have babies who will develop high blood pressure.
C)feel morning sickness after conception.
D)deliver their babies prematurely.

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women under stress are more likely to deliver their babies prematurely.Recent research has shown that the risk of preterm birth was highest when maternal exposure to stress occurred during the fifth and sixth months of pregnancy.

Question 9

While pregnant,Diana experienced several traumatic life changes.She separated from her husband,discovered that her mother was seriously ill,and began a more stressful job.Diana is at increased risk for having a child with _____.
A)facial deformities.
B)heart defects.
C)defects of limbs.
D)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Accepted Answer

Pregnant women with high levels of stress are at increased risk for having a child with emotional or cognitive problems,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),and language delay.

Question 10

If a mother's total caloric intake and intake of proteins,vitamins,and minerals is insufficient,then the children born to such mothers are more likely to:
A)develop eating disorders as adolescents.
B)develop heart diseases.
C)have brittle bones.
D)be malformed.

Accepted Answer

Children born to malnourished mothers are more likely than other children to be malformed.

Question 11

Folic acid,a B-complex vitamin,is important in preventing:
A)brittle bones.
B)neural tube defects.
C)facial deformities.
D)cognitive problems.

Accepted Answer

A lack of folic acid is linked with neural tube defects in offspring,such as spina bifida.

Question 12

Sharon,who is seven months pregnant,just visited her doctor,who discovered that she has a particular disease.The doctor said that if he performs a cesarean section near her due date she will not pass her disease on to her child.Sharon is most likely suffering from:
A)genital herpes.
B)rubella.
C)syphilis.
D)toxoplasmosis.

Accepted Answer

Sharon's doctor has told her that if he performs a cesarean section near her due date she will not pass her disease on to her child.This indicates that Sharon has genital herpes because one way of preventing a newborn from contracting the virus from an infected mother's birth canal is to perform a cesarean section close to the delivery date.

Question 13

The Rh factor can result in a risk to a child if the:
A)fetus's blood is Rh negative and the mother's is Rh positive.
B)fetus's blood is Rh positive and the mother's is Rh negative.
C)father's Rh factor and the mother's Rh factor are both negative.
D)father's Rh factor and the mother's Rh factor are both positive.

Accepted Answer

If the fetus' blood is Rh-positive and the mother's is Rh-negative,the mother's immune system may produce antibodies that will attack the fetus.Such an assault can result in any number of problems,including miscarriage or stillbirth,anemia,jaundice,heart defects,brain damage,or death soon after birth.

Question 14

Mary,a 16-year-old,found out she was pregnant and went to a clinic to get some advice.There she learned that babies born to adolescent mothers are:
A)often stillborn and have higher infant mortality rates.
B)more prone to be born with facial and limb deformities.
C)at a higher risk for developing behavioral disorders.
D)more likely to develop eating disorders as adolescents.

Accepted Answer

Mary is most likely to have found from the clinic that the rates of stillbirth is high for adolescent girls and the mortality rate of infants born to adolescent mothers is double that of infants born to mothers in their twenties.

Question 15

_____ has been linked with high infant mortality,developmental and behavioral problems,and low birth weight.
A)Heroin
B)Marijuana
C)Methamphetamine
D)Cocaine

Accepted Answer

Babies born to mothers who use methamphetamine,or "meth," during pregnancy are at risk for a number of problems,including high infant mortality,low birth weight,and developmental and behavioral problems.

Question 16

Jo-mei is 14 years old and pregnant.Compared to a pregnant woman in her twenties,Jo-mei is more likely to have:
A)a baby with Down syndrome.
B)a baby with a propensity for high blood pressure.
C)a baby that dies shortly after birth.
D)difficulty getting pregnant a second time.

Accepted Answer

The mortality rate of infants born to adolescent mothers is double that of
infants born to mothers in their twenties.

Question 17

Advanced maternal age confers a much greater risk of having a baby with _____.
A)heart defects
B)Down syndrome
C)diabetes
D)respiratory diseases

Accepted Answer

Advanced maternal age confers a much greater risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.

Question 18

The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has given the following recommendations for women of childbearing age and young children: Don't eat:
A)swordfish.
B)shrimp.
C)salmon.
D)catfish.

Accepted Answer

The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has given the following recommendations for women of childbearing age and young children: Don't eat shark,swordfish,king mackerel,or tilefish;eat up to 12 ounces (two average meals)a week of fish and shellfish that are lower in mercury,such as shrimp,canned light tuna,salmon,pollock,and catfish.

Question 19

Which of the following is a risk factor for dwarfism?
A)Father's smoking
B)Father's use of cocaine
C)Father's alcohol consumption
D)Father's age

Accepted Answer

The offspring of older fathers face increased risk for birth defects,including dwarfism and Marfan syndrome,which involves head and limb deformities.
Short Answer Questions

Question 20

Which of the following is a risk factor for Marfan syndrome?
A)Father's smoking
B)Father's use of cocaine
C)Father's alcohol consumption
D)Father's age

Accepted Answer

The offspring of older fathers face increased risk for birth defects,including dwarfism and Marfan syndrome,which involves head and limb deformities.

Quiz 3: Prenatal Development

If a mother has been diagnosed as having the AIDS virus,which of the following is most likely to be suggested to help reduce the likelihood that the AIDS virus will be transmitted to her fetus?

At what stage of pregnancy is syphilis most likely to be damaging?

When a mother's blood type is Rh negative and the child's blood type is Rh positive:

_____ is a sexually transmitted infection and it damages organs after they have formed.

A woman with which of the following diseases is most likely to deliver a very large infant (weighing 10 pounds or more) ?

The greatest risk for prenatal defects exists when a mother contracts rubella:

The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has given the following recommendations for women of childbearing age and young children: Eat up to 12 ounces (two average meals) a week of:

Pregnant women under stress are more likely to:

While pregnant,Diana experienced several traumatic life changes.She separated from her husband,discovered that her mother was seriously ill,and began a more stressful job.Diana is at increased risk for having a child with _____.

If a mother's total caloric intake and intake of proteins,vitamins,and minerals is insufficient,then the children born to such mothers are more likely to:

Folic acid,a B-complex vitamin,is important in preventing:

Sharon,who is seven months pregnant,just visited her doctor,who discovered that she has a particular disease.The doctor said that if he performs a cesarean section near her due date she will not pass her disease on to her child.Sharon is most likely suffering from:

The Rh factor can result in a risk to a child if the:

Mary,a 16-year-old,found out she was pregnant and went to a clinic to get some advice.There she learned that babies born to adolescent mothers are:

_____ has been linked with high infant mortality,developmental and behavioral problems,and low birth weight.

Jo-mei is 14 years old and pregnant.Compared to a pregnant woman in her twenties,Jo-mei is more likely to have:

Advanced maternal age confers a much greater risk of having a baby with _____.

The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has given the following recommendations for women of childbearing age and young children: Don't eat:

Which of the following is a risk factor for dwarfism?

Which of the following is a risk factor for Marfan syndrome?