Question 1

It is possible for local DBMSs to commit updates at some sites and undo updates at other sites. This inconsistency can be prevented by using a ____.
A)two-step rollback
B)two-phase commit
C)two-phase rollback
D)two-phase transaction

Accepted Answer

A two-phase commit protocol ensures that all sites either commit or abort a transaction together, preventing any inconsistencies that could arise from partial updates. The other options do not provide the same level of consistency control.

Question 2

A DDBMS that has at least two sites at which the local DBMSs are different is known as a ____.
A)homogeneous DDBMS
B)heterogeneous DDBMS
C)holistic DDBMS
D)heuristic DDBMS

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous DDBMS is a distributed database management system where the local DBMSs at different sites are different from each other in terms of hardware, operating systems, or database management systems. This is in contrast to a homogeneous DDBMS, where all local DBMSs are identical. A holistic DDBMS and heuristic DDBMS are not recognized terms in the context of DDBMS.

Question 3

The site that initiates the update in a two-phase commit is known as the ____.
A)director
B)initiator
C)coordinator
D)leader

Accepted Answer

The site that initiates the update in a two-phase commit is known as the coordinator.

Question 4

When users are unaware of the steps taken by the DDBMS to update the various copies of data,this characteristic of the DDBMS is called ____.
A)location transparency
B)fragmentation transparency
C)replication transparency
D)update transparency

Accepted Answer

Replication transparency refers to the characteristic where users are unaware of the replication of data across different sites in a distributed database management system (DDBMS).

Question 5

____ is the data communication method used by Web clients and Web servers to exchange data on the Internet.
A)UML
B)HTTP
C)URL
D)IIS

Accepted Answer

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the data communication method used by Web clients and Web servers to exchange data on the Internet.

Question 6

____ implies that the performance of functions such as adding sites,changing versions of DBMSs,creating backups,and modifying hardware should not require planned shutdowns of the entire distributed database.
A)Continuous operation
B)Local autonomy
C)Location transparency
D)Fragmentation transparency

Accepted Answer

Continuous operation refers to the ability of a distributed database system to continue functioning without any planned shutdowns or interruptions. This implies that functions such as adding sites, changing versions of DBMSs, creating backups, and modifying hardware should be able to be performed without affecting the overall functioning of the distributed database system.

Question 7

Each digital document on the Web is called a ____.
A)Web server
B)Web browser
C)client
D)Web page

Accepted Answer

A digital document on the Web is typically referred to as a "Web page," which can include elements such as text, images, and multimedia. A Web server is a computer or software system that provides access to Web pages, while a Web browser is a software application used to access and view Web pages. A client is a computer or other device that accesses the Web server to view Web pages.

Question 8

The formula for message transmission time is: communication time = access delay + (data volume / X),where X represents ____.
A)transmission rate
B)length of transmission
C)lag time
D)seek time

Accepted Answer

The variable X in the formula refers to the transmission rate, which is the speed of data transfer between devices. This means that the data volume being transmitted is divided by the transmission rate to calculate the amount of time it will take for the message to be transmitted. Therefore, choice A - transmission rate - is the correct answer. The other options (B, C, and D) are not related to the transmission rate and are therefore incorrect.

Question 9

Because the clients and the server perform different functions and can run two different operating systems,there is an arrangement of client/server architecture known as ____.
A)single-tier architecture
B)two-tier architecture
C)three-tier architecture
D)four-tier architecture

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because the clients and the server perform...

Question 10

____ implies that no site should depend on another site to perform its database functions.
A)No reliance on a central site
B)Local autonomy
C)Continuous operation
D)Fragmentation transparency

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ implies that no site should depend...

Question 11

____ implies that users should not need to be concerned with the location of any specific data in the database.
A)Fragmentation transparency
B)Replication transparency
C)Location transparency
D)Update transparency

Accepted Answer

Location transparency implies that users should not need to be concerned with the location of any specific data in the database. This means that the database management system should be responsible for managing the physical location of the data, and users should be able to access the data regardless of its location. Fragmentation transparency deals with the partitioning of data across multiple systems, replication transparency deals with the replication of data across multiple systems, and update transparency deals with the updating of data in the database without disrupting ongoing transactions.

Question 12

_____ is a standard interface that provides the capability necessary for Web browsers to communicate with server-side extensions.
A)Common Gateway Interface
B)Operating System Interface
C)Web Server Interface
D)Procedural Interface

Accepted Answer

Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard interface that allows web servers to communicate with server-side extensions. It provides the capability for web browsers to send HTTP requests to the web server and receive responses from it. The web server can execute scripts or programs based on the incoming requests and generate dynamic content as a response. Thus, CGI enables dynamic web applications that can generate customized responses based on user input and other variables.

Question 13

When the data is organized by entity rather than by the application that uses the data,it is called ____.
A)table-oriented
B)row-oriented
C)column-oriented
D)subject-oriented

Accepted Answer

When data is organized by entity, it is called subject-oriented. This means that all data related to a specific subject, such as a customer or a product, is stored together regardless of which application will use it. This approach is commonly used in data warehousing and business intelligence where data needs to be easily accessible and analyzed across multiple applications. Tables, rows, and columns refer to the way data is structured within an entity, but do not necessarily indicate how the data is organized across multiple entities.

Question 14

Computers in a network communicate through ____.
A)tokens
B)messages
C)notes
D)letters

Accepted Answer

Computers in a network communicate through messages, which are packets of data that are sent from one device to another. These messages can contain a variety of information, such as text, images, or commands. Tokens are used in some network protocols as a way of controlling access to shared resources, but they are not the primary means of communication between devices. Notes and letters are not used in network communication.

Question 15

When a centralized database becomes unavailable for any reason,no users can continue processing. In contrast,if a local database in a distributed database becomes unavailable,only users who need that data are affected. Because of this,distributed databases have a(n) ____ advantage over a centralized database.
A)local control of data
B)increasing database capacity
C)system availability
D)added efficiency

Accepted Answer

The advantage of a distributed database over a centralized database is system availability. In a distributed database, if a local database becomes unavailable, only users who need that data are affected, while the rest of the system remains functional. This is not the case with a centralized database, where the entire system becomes unavailable if the database goes down. Therefore, the best choice is C) system availability.

Question 16

If the client,in a client/server system,performs the business functions (calculations,etc.),then this client is known as a(n) ____.
A)thin client
B)fat client
C)maximum client
D)minimum client

Accepted Answer

A "fat client" is a client in a client/server system that performs business functions such as calculations, processing data, and running applications on its own rather than relying on the server to perform these tasks. This type of client is also known as a "thick client" or a "rich client." A thin client, in contrast, relies heavily on the server to perform these functions and typically has fewer capabilities than a fat client. The terms "maximum client" and "minimum client" are not commonly used in this context.

Question 17

Which of the following is an advantage of distributed databases?
A)Local control of data
B)Easier updates of replicated data
C)More complex query processing
D)More complex treatment of concurrent updates

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an advantage...

Question 18

____ is the ability of a computer system to continue to function well as utilization of the system increases.
A)Data fragmentation
B)Data mining
C)Scalability
D)Polymorphism

Accepted Answer

Scalability refers to the ability of a computer system to handle increasing amounts of data or users without compromising performance or functionality. It is an important consideration for systems that are expected to experience growth or expansion in the future. Data fragmentation is a process of breaking up data into smaller pieces or fragments to improve storage efficiency. Data mining refers to the process of analyzing large data sets to discover patterns and insights. Polymorphism is a concept in object-oriented programming that allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors depending on context.

Question 19

____ is a metalanguage derived from a restricted subset of SGML,and designed for the exchange of data on the Web.
A)UML
B)URL
C)XML
D)HTTP

Accepted Answer

The metalanguage derived from a restricted subset of SGML and designed for the exchange of data on the web is XML (Extensible Markup Language). UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a graphical notation used for modeling software systems, URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a reference to a web resource, and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for communication between web servers and clients.

Question 20

When users interact with an RDBMS,they use transactions. These types of systems are called ____ systems.
A)OLTP
B)ODBMS
C)OLAP
D)ODBC

Accepted Answer

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) systems are designed for transactional processing such as adding, modifying, and deleting data in real-time. The use of transactions is a key feature of OLTP systems, which ensures that data is consistent and accurate. ODBMS (Object-Database Management Systems) are a type of database management system that store data in the form of objects rather than tables or rows. OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) systems are designed for querying and analyzing large amounts of data. ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) is a standard interface for connecting to databases. While all of these systems may interact with RDBMS in some way, only OLTP systems use transactions as a key feature.

Quiz 9: Database Management Approaches

It is possible for local DBMSs to commit updates at some sites and undo updates at other sites. This inconsistency can be prevented by using a ____.

A DDBMS that has at least two sites at which the local DBMSs are different is known as a ____.

The site that initiates the update in a two-phase commit is known as the ____.

When users are unaware of the steps taken by the DDBMS to update the various copies of data,this characteristic of the DDBMS is called ____.

____ is the data communication method used by Web clients and Web servers to exchange data on the Internet.

____ implies that the performance of functions such as adding sites,changing versions of DBMSs,creating backups,and modifying hardware should not require planned shutdowns of the entire distributed database.

Each digital document on the Web is called a ____.

The formula for message transmission time is: communication time = access delay + (data volume / X) ,where X represents ____.

Because the clients and the server perform different functions and can run two different operating systems,there is an arrangement of client/server architecture known as ____.

____ implies that no site should depend on another site to perform its database functions.

____ implies that users should not need to be concerned with the location of any specific data in the database.

_____ is a standard interface that provides the capability necessary for Web browsers to communicate with server-side extensions.

When the data is organized by entity rather than by the application that uses the data,it is called ____.

Computers in a network communicate through ____.

If the client,in a client/server system,performs the business functions (calculations,etc.) ,then this client is known as a(n) ____.

Which of the following is an advantage of distributed databases?

____ is the ability of a computer system to continue to function well as utilization of the system increases.

____ is a metalanguage derived from a restricted subset of SGML,and designed for the exchange of data on the Web.

When users interact with an RDBMS,they use transactions. These types of systems are called ____ systems.