Question 1

The Flynn effect refers to a long-term secular trend in which

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect refers to the phenomenon of IQ scores rising by around three points per decade in whole populations over a long period of time. This trend has been observed globally and has been attributed to environmental and cultural factors rather than genetic changes. Options A, B and D are incorrect as they do not describe the phenomenon referred to as the Flynn effect.

Question 2

At the annual company party, Joe Plodder got the Employee of the Year award and said, "I didn't go to college, but I do well because I got my smarts from the School of Hard Knocks." Joe alluded to his high level of

Accepted Answer

Joe Plodder's statement suggests that he has practical intelligence, which refers to the ability to apply knowledge and skills to real-world situations through experience, observation, and adaptation. This type of intelligence is often associated with individuals who have not received formal education but have gained expertise through hands-on learning and problem-solving. Therefore, the best choice is D (tacit/practical intelligence).

Question 3

The higher correlation of IQ for identical over fraternal twins is typically interpreted as evidence for the influence of

Accepted Answer

The higher correlation of IQ for identical over fraternal twins suggests that there is a greater genetic influence on intelligence. Identical twins share 100% of their genes, while fraternal twins share on average 50% of their genes, so if genetics were not a factor, the correlation between the two types of twins would be the same. Therefore, the answer is A, heredity in intellectual performance.

Question 4

Based on research by Terman, mentally gifted and mentally retarded women in the previous century were similar because most

Accepted Answer

Terman's research found that both mentally gifted and mentally retarded women tended to marry and become homemakers. This was likely due to societal expectations and limited opportunities for women in the workforce during that time period.

Question 5

In Terman's longitudinal study of bright children, most of the women

Accepted Answer

Terman's longitudinal study found that most of the women became full-time homemakers and raised children, indicating a societal pressure for women to prioritize family responsibilities over career achievement.

Question 6

Terman's gifted children showed longitudinal evidence of

Accepted Answer

Terman's gifted children showed longitudinal evidence of being better adjusted emotionally than their peers. This was one of the key findings of the study, which followed a group of gifted children from childhood to adulthood. The study found that the gifted children were generally well-adjusted, with good social skills and emotional stability. They had higher self-esteem, were more independent, and showed lower levels of anxiety and depression than their non-gifted peers.

Question 7

When adoptive children move to a more stimulating home, their IQ scores typically rise. This illustrates a(n)

Accepted Answer

The rise in IQ scores when adoptive children move to a more stimulating home shows the environmental effect on intelligence. The change in the environment helps the children to develop their cognitive abilities, which results in improved IQ scores. There is no evidence of an evolutionary effect, nutritional/dietary effect or hidden genetic effect in this case.

Question 8

Children's IQs resemble their biological parents' IQs more than their adoptive parents' IQs. This supports the ____ perspective on intelligence.

Accepted Answer

This supports the hereditary perspective on intelligence, as it suggests that IQ is primarily influenced by genetics rather than environmental factors such as upbringing or education.

Question 9

"A rising tide lifts all ships." This slogan describes the

Accepted Answer

The slogan "a rising tide lifts all ships" is often used to describe the Flynn effect, which refers to the trend of rising IQ scores over time. This effect implies that as the average intelligence level of a population improves, all individuals within that population are likely to experience some level of increase in their own intelligence. Therefore, the best choice is D, which references the Flynn effect of intelligence.

Question 10

For vocational outcomes, IQ test scores correlate most clearly with

Accepted Answer

IQ test scores are more closely related to occupational prestige, as higher scores often correlate with jobs that are considered more prestigious or require more cognitive skills.

Question 11

The social class IQ effect means that children

Accepted Answer

The social class IQ effect refers to the pattern of middle-class children scoring higher on IQ tests than children from poorer backgrounds, suggesting that environmental factors such as access to education and resources play a role in cognitive development. Choices A, B, and D are not related to the social class IQ effect.

Question 12

The positive correlation between IQ scores of unrelated children reared in the same home shows the influence of their

Accepted Answer

The positive correlation between IQ scores of unrelated children reared in the same home indicates that their shared environmental experiences, such as the quality of education and intellectual stimulation in their home, have influenced their IQ scores. This correlation would not be directly influenced by personally unique experiences, nutritional preferences, or genetic heritages.

Question 13

Terman's longitudinal study of intellectually gifted school children showed that, in the long run, they were

Accepted Answer

Terman's study followed gifted individuals throughout their lives and found that they were highly successful in various aspects of life, including careers, relationships, and health. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Options A and C are not supported by the findings of the study, and option B is not mentioned in the study.

Question 14

About ____ percent of all children are mentally retarded.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, about 3% of the population has an intellectual disability, which is another term for mental retardation. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 15

Kinship correlations of IQ increase when their biological relatedness increases. This fact supports the view that intelligence is influenced by

Accepted Answer

The fact that kinship correlations of IQ increase when biological relatedness increases suggests that IQ is influenced by heredity, rather than shared environmental experiences or nonshared environmental experiences. The option D about nutrition is not related to the given fact.

Question 16

IQ scores are known to be accurate at predicting

Accepted Answer

IQ scores have been found to be a good predictor of academic achievement, as they measure an individual's cognitive abilities, such as problem-solving, understanding concepts, and reasoning. However, IQ scores do not necessarily predict an individual's mental health, exertion during play, or persistence in the face of adversity.

Question 17

IQ is a moderately good predictor of school achievement, but ____ is/are an even better predictor.

Accepted Answer

Previously earned grades are a better predictor of school achievement than IQ. This is because grades reflect not only cognitive ability but also motivation, study habits, and other non-cognitive factors that contribute to success in school. While IQ may be a useful measure of cognitive ability, it does not capture all of the factors that contribute to academic success. SAT scores may also be a good predictor of school achievement, but they are not necessarily a better predictor than previously earned grades, as they may also be influenced by non-cognitive factors such as test anxiety and test-taking skills.

Question 18

The IQs of people employed in high-status jobs that require a college education are

Accepted Answer

High-status jobs that require a college education generally have a competitive selection process that favors individuals with above-average intelligence, so it is expected that the IQs of these individuals would be above the population average.

Question 19

Identical twins seek more similar environments than is true of fraternal twins. This fact supports the ____ perspective on intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identical twins seek more similar environments than...

Question 20

The environmental hypothesis on intelligence suggests that intellectual achievements can be improved by

Accepted Answer

The environmental hypothesis on intelligence proposes that improving the environmental experiences of children can enhance their intellectual achievements. This includes providing access to rich learning opportunities, supportive and stimulating home environments, and quality education. Euthanizing those with inferior genotypes or preventing incompetent adults from giving birth are unethical and not supported by evidence. Encouraging bright adults to have large families may have some positive impact on genetics but is not a proven way to improve intelligence.

Quiz 8: Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance