Question 1

An advantage of schemas is that they:

Accepted Answer

Schemas help us organize information in a meaningful way, allowing us to better understand and remember complex stimuli.

Question 2

Danny thinks he is a good athlete.Thus,he has an athletic self-schema.As compared to someone who does not have an athletic self-schema,it is likely that Danny:

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a self-schema in a particular area tend to prioritize, attend, and remember information that is consistent with their schema. Therefore, Danny is likely to remember information related to athletics better.

Question 3

A group of friends go out to a Thai restaurant.One of the friends says that he will be in charge of the ordering because,as he puts it,he "knows how this sort of thing is done." If this is,in fact,the case,the person would be making use of a(n):

Accepted Answer

An event schema is a mental framework for how certain events or situations are typically organized and understood. In this case, the friend is claiming to know how ordering at a Thai restaurant is typically done, suggesting that he has an event schema for this type of situation. Self-schema and person schema refer to frameworks for understanding oneself and others, respectively, and subconscious schema is not a recognized term in psychology.

Question 4

A foreign exchange student had never been to a dorm party.His friends ask him to watch a movie that portrays typical college partying.His friends are helping him develop a(n)____schema.

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes the development of an event schema.

Question 5

Which of the following would be an example of an event schema?

Accepted Answer

An event schema is a mental framework or script that helps organize our knowledge and expectations about events or situations. Option D describes a common event schema where we expect to wait in line for movie tickets. Option A describes a discriminatory behavior, option B describes a generalization, and option C describes a false belief rather than an event schema.

Question 6

What type of schema describes how we expect people to perform or act because of their social position?

Accepted Answer

A role schema is a type of schema that describes how we expect people to perform or act because of their social position or the roles they occupy in society. This schema helps us to understand how individuals are supposed to behave within certain social contexts, such as in the workplace, within a family, or in a particular cultural setting. By understanding role schemas, we can make predictions about the behavior of others and can better navigate social situations.

Question 7

An experienced waiter can tell very quickly if a customer is a potential big tipper,and then serves the customer accordingly.To do this,the waiter would probably rely on a(n):

Accepted Answer

A person schema is a mental framework or organized pattern of thought that helps an individual perceive, interpret, and understand information about people. An experienced waiter may have developed a person schema for identifying potential big tippers based on their behavior, appearance, and other cues. This schema would be based on past experiences and observations and used unconsciously to serve the customer accordingly.

Question 8

You want to set up a website for information on the concept of attributions.What would be the most accurate name for the website?

Accepted Answer

Attributions are explanations for why things happen or why people act a certain way, making "explanation" the most accurate term related to attributions.

Question 9

The textbook describes the case of Dr.Harriet Hall,an Air Force flight surgeon.Her story illustrates how,even with exceptional accomplishments:

Accepted Answer

The case of Dr. Harriet Hall illustrates how she had to tolerate prejudice and discrimination based on her sex, despite her exceptional accomplishments as an Air Force flight surgeon. This highlights the ongoing issue of gender discrimination and how it can affect even highly accomplished individuals.

Question 10

A woman's schema about Italians is that they are very emotional and irrational.She travels to Rome and meets many pleasant,calm,and rational locals.When she returns,it is likely that her memory of the Italians' general behavior will be:

Accepted Answer

Schemas can lead to memory distortion, causing individuals to remember information that is consistent with their pre-existing beliefs or stereotypes, even if it contradicts their actual experiences.

Question 11

A disadvantage of schemas is that they:

Accepted Answer

Schemas can influence our perception and memory by biasing our attention and the information we recall, which can lead to errors in judgment and decision making. This can be seen in situations such as stereotypes, where a person's schema about a particular group can lead them to focus on certain characteristics and ignore others. Thus, restricting or biasing our cognitive processes can be a disadvantage of schemas.

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning a schema is not accurate?

Accepted Answer

Schemas do not change easily. They are relatively stable cognitive structures that guide perception, interpretation, and memory. Once a schema is established, it requires substantial evidence to modify or change it.

Question 13

The explanations given for someone's behavior or beliefs are known as:

Accepted Answer

The explanations given for someone's behavior or beliefs are known as attributions.

Question 14

An attribution is a(n):

Accepted Answer

An attribution is an explanation for someone's behavior, actions or outcomes. It is the process of assigning causes to behavior, and understanding why something happened the way it did.

Question 15

Tim says to his friend Juan,"Your grandfather is pretty fun.I never thought old people could be that much fun." Tim's comment is an illustration of:

Accepted Answer

Tim's comment suggests that he holds a certain expectation or stereotype about how older people behave. This is referred to as a role schema, in which people have preconceived notions about how individuals in certain roles or demographic groups behave. Tim may have believed that older people are typically less fun or lively than younger individuals, but Juan's grandfather contradicted this expectation.

Question 16

State Trooper Kirk has a schema of a drug dealer: a nervous male who drives a nice car at slightly under the speed limit.A disadvantage of this schema is:

Accepted Answer

The disadvantage of the schema is that drug dealers who do not fit the schema may avoid detection. This means that Trooper Kirk may be missing out on identifying and stopping potential drug dealers who do not fit his preconceived notion of what a drug dealer looks like.

Question 17

Schemas are:

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental categories or frameworks that represent an organized collection of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about particular aspects of the world. They help us to simplify and understand a complex world by allowing us to organize information into meaningful categories.

Question 18

Why are schemas so highly resistant to change?

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks or structures that we use to organize and interpret information. They are highly resistant to change because we tend to discount information that is inconsistent with them, instead of reorganizing or changing our schemas. This is known as schema persistence or the perseveration effect. Therefore, choice C is the best option as it accurately reflects the resistance of schemas to change.

Question 19

Dirk is given a ticket to a college football game.He is happy because he knows that people at college football games scream,drink beer,and have a good time.This knowledge is an example of a(n)____ schema.

Accepted Answer

The given knowledge about college football games and the behaviors of attendees is an example of an event schema, which is a cognitive framework that helps individuals understand and organize information about different types of events or situations.

Question 20

"I wear glasses even though I don't have to.People say that glasses make me look smart." This idea about intelligence and wearing glasses is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The idea that glasses make someone look smart is an example of a person schema, which is a stereotype or assumption about how certain traits or behaviors are linked to specific types of people. In this case, the stereotype is that wearing glasses is associated with intelligence.

Quiz 25: Social Psychology