Question 1

A professor is writing a test for his introductory psychology class.He decides that he is going to assess his students' recall.What kind of test should he write?
A) essay
B) multiple choice
C) true-false
D) matching

Accepted Answer

Essay tests are most effective for assessing recall because they require students to retrieve and articulate information without the cues provided by other test formats like multiple choice, true-false, or matching.

Question 2

This module opens with a study of eyewitness testimony of a filmed assailant.Out of 2,000 viewers,how many identified the wrong man in a six-man lineup?
A) 100
B) 250
C) 1,250
D) 1,800

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

You are listening to a radio talk show hosted by a psychologist.One of her callers asks why memories are so hard to retrieve.The psychologist responds,"After memories are encoded,they are connected in nodes in long-term memory.To find a particular memory,you must sift through all the nodes until you find the one you want." This psychologist is describing the ____ of memory.
A) cognitive theory
B) network theory
C) semantic theory
D) modal model

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is describing network theory, which proposes that memories are stored in a network of interconnected nodes in long-term memory.

Question 4

Cindy does really well when Dr.Barrios gives a multiple-choice exam,but has a lot of trouble when his exams consist of essay questions.Cindy finds ____ easier than ____.
A) recall; recognition
B) long-term retrieval; short-term retrieval
C) short-term retrieval; long-term retrieval
D) recognition; recall

Accepted Answer

Multiple-choice exams require recognition of the correct answer, while essay exams require recall of information and organization of thoughts. Therefore, Cindy finds recognition (multiple-choice) easier than recall (essay questions). Choice D matches this explanation.

Question 5

What form of memory retrieval are you using when answering this multiple-choice question?
A) recall
B) relearning
C) recognition
D) directed search

Accepted Answer

Recognition is the form of memory retrieval used when presented with a multiple-choice question. In this case, the answer options are presented and the individual must recognize the correct answer among them.

Question 6

If you let your memory flow freely,you will find that one memory triggers another memory,which triggers another.How would the network theory explain this?
A) Different brain chemicals are associated with different memories.
B) Memories are connected in an enormous cognitive network.
C) Some memories cause interference with others, while those that do not tend to be associated with each other.
D) The neurons that make up a particular memory become more sensitive to each other's signals.

Accepted Answer

The network theory proposes that memories are connected in a vast cognitive network. This means that one memory can trigger another because of the links and associations formed within this network.

Question 7

In the network theory,nodes are like ____ that are connected.
A) waves in an ocean
B) books in a library
C) cities on a map
D) cars on a highway

Accepted Answer

Nodes in a network theory are like cities on a map because just like how cities are connected by roads, nodes are connected by edges, forming a network.

Question 8

You are watching a spy thriller on television.In the movie,a secret agent is trying to identify a spy for the other side by looking at some pictures of possible spies.The spy is using ____ to identify the correct individual.
A) recognition
B) recall
C) proactive interference
D) long-term potentiation

Accepted Answer

Recognition is the ability to identify something or someone previously experienced, without having to retrieve specific information or details from memory. In this scenario, the secret agent is looking at pictures of potential spies and using their ability to recognize the correct individual. Recall, on the other hand, would involve having to retrieve specific information from memory without cues or prompts, which is not the case in this scenario. Proactive interference and long-term potentiation are not relevant to this situation.

Question 9

The network theory proposes that we are capable of "traveling" from node to node because:
A) action potentials propel us
B) nodes physically touch other nodes in the hippocampus
C) the nodes have been linked together through associations
D) nodes are connected to each other alphabetically

Accepted Answer

The network theory proposes that nodes in the hippocampus and other brain regions are linked together through associations or connections. These connections allow for information to be transferred from one node to the next, facilitating memory and cognitive processes.

Question 10

If you were to sit down at a bare kitchen table and think about what you needed to buy at the grocery store,you would be using:
A) recognition
B) implicit memory
C) eidetic memory
D) recall

Accepted Answer

Recall involves retrieving information without any prompts or cues, relying solely on memory. In this scenario, you would be trying to recall what items you need to buy at the grocery store, rather than recognizing them or relying on implicit or eidetic memory.

Question 11

If you believe that memories are stored in nodes that are interconnected,you subscribe to:
A) Miller's File Theory
B) the psychomnemonic theory of memory
C) the eidetic theory
D) the network theory

Accepted Answer

The network theory suggests that memories are stored in interconnecting nodes or links. This theory proposes that memories are not just a simple recording of information, but rather a complex web of interconnected associations that can be activated in various ways. Miller's File Theory and the eidetic theory have different proposals about how memories are stored, while the psychomnemonic theory of memory is not a widely accepted theory in the field of psychology.

Question 12

Which of the following best demonstrates the difference between recognition and recall?
A) speaking lines in a play versus playing the piano without sheet music
B) multiple-choice exams versus true-false questions
C) picking the assailant out of a lineup versus describing the face of an assailant
D) reporting the color of your socks with your eyes closed versus reciting a poem

Accepted Answer

Picking the assailant out of a lineup involves recognition because the individual has already been seen before, whereas describing the face of an assailant is recall because there are no visual cues to aid memory. The other options do not necessarily involve both recognition and recall in the same way.

Question 13

Recognition involves:
A) retrieving previously learned information with no cues present
B) encoding new information to replace previously learned information
C) using external cues to identify information that has been previously learned
D) looking at an image and retaining a detailed visual image for several minutes

Accepted Answer

Recognition involves using external cues to identify information that has been previously learned. This is different from recall, where information is retrieved with no cues present. Encoding refers to the process of storing new information, while looking at an image and retaining a detailed visual image for several minutes is a form of visual memory.

Question 14

Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian begin this module with a scene from a campus mugging.Their point is to show that:
A) crime is so scary that we are likely to remember every detail
B) crime is a special situation, in which the everyday rules of memory do not apply
C) remembering and forgetting are automatic in dramatic situations like this one
D) remembering and forgetting are not as simple as most people think

Accepted Answer

The scene from a campus mugging is used to illustrate that the processes of remembering and forgetting are more complex than commonly believed, challenging simplistic notions of memory.

Question 15

The retrieval of previously learned information with the assistance of no or very few external cues is called:
A) recognition
B) recall
C) eidetiting
D) mnemonizing

Accepted Answer

Recall refers to retrieving previously learned information with little or no external cues. Recognition, on the other hand, involves identifying previously learned information when presented with external cues. Eidetiting and mnemonizing are not recognized terms in psychology.

Question 16

As you are remembering your first day of college,you are searching:
A) in a random way
B) in a linear way from your most recent to your furthest past personal information
C) groups of nodes that are connected by personal associations
D) network hierarchies

Accepted Answer

Searching for memories in groups of nodes that are connected by personal associations is more effective when searching for memories based on personal experiences, such as remembering your first day of college. This method allows for a more organized and comprehensive retrieval process as memories are grouped based on their connection to each other, creating a stronger network of memory recall.

Question 17

You hear a new song on the radio and want to tell a friend about it.When speaking with the friend you talk about the song,but have difficulty actually remembering it.Your friend starts to hum the song and it helps you remember it.This best illustrates:
A) recognition
B) recall
C) automatic encoding
D) effortful encoding

Accepted Answer

Recognition involves identifying something previously learned when it is presented again, such as recognizing a song when someone hums it.

Question 18

How would the network theory of memory explain the time that you thought of baseball,and in a few seconds you ended up thinking about toothpaste?
A) You were following personal associations, or mental roads, traveling from node to node.
B) There were objects in your present environment related to both baseball and toothpaste.
C) You were randomly sorting through many, many memories.
D) Unfortunately, examples like this are not easily explained by the network theory of memory.

Accepted Answer

The network theory of memory suggests that our memories are structured as networks of nodes, with each node representing a concept or idea. When you thought of baseball, it triggered a network of related nodes, which led you to think of toothpaste through personal associations, or mental roads, traveling from node to node.

Question 19

The best analogy of the network theory of memory organization is:
A) a fabric (associations) made of thousands of threads (nodes) lined up in the same direction
B) a circle that has no starting point (nodes) and no ending point (associations)
C) a refrigerator that has food (nodes) stacked on shelves (associations)
D) a map with cities (nodes) interconnected by roads (associations)

Accepted Answer

The network theory of memory organization posits that memories are stored in a network of interconnected nodes (representing pieces of information) and associations (representing the connections between those pieces of information). This is best represented by a map, where the cities (nodes) are connected by roads (associations). Thus, choice D is the best analogy.

Question 20

According to the network theory of memory,another name for memory files is:
A) points
B) schemas
C) cells
D) nodes

Accepted Answer

According to the network theory of memory, memory is represented by nodes (or "memory nodes") connected by associations or links, forming a network. Therefore, another name for memory files would be nodes. The other options, such as points or cells, do not accurately reflect this theory of memory. While schemas can be related to memory, they refer more to mental frameworks or structures for organizing knowledge, rather than specific memory files.

Quiz 12: Remembering and Forgetting

A professor is writing a test for his introductory psychology class.He decides that he is going to assess his students' recall.What kind of test should he write?

This module opens with a study of eyewitness testimony of a filmed assailant.Out of 2,000 viewers,how many identified the wrong man in a six-man lineup?

Cindy does really well when Dr.Barrios gives a multiple-choice exam,but has a lot of trouble when his exams consist of essay questions.Cindy finds easier than .

What form of memory retrieval are you using when answering this multiple-choice question?

If you let your memory flow freely,you will find that one memory triggers another memory,which triggers another.How would the network theory explain this?

In the network theory,nodes are like ____ that are connected.

You are watching a spy thriller on television.In the movie,a secret agent is trying to identify a spy for the other side by looking at some pictures of possible spies.The spy is using ____ to identify the correct individual.

The network theory proposes that we are capable of "traveling" from node to node because:

If you were to sit down at a bare kitchen table and think about what you needed to buy at the grocery store,you would be using:

If you believe that memories are stored in nodes that are interconnected,you subscribe to:

Which of the following best demonstrates the difference between recognition and recall?

Recognition involves:

Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian begin this module with a scene from a campus mugging.Their point is to show that:

The retrieval of previously learned information with the assistance of no or very few external cues is called:

As you are remembering your first day of college,you are searching:

You hear a new song on the radio and want to tell a friend about it.When speaking with the friend you talk about the song,but have difficulty actually remembering it.Your friend starts to hum the song and it helps you remember it.This best illustrates:

How would the network theory of memory explain the time that you thought of baseball,and in a few seconds you ended up thinking about toothpaste?

The best analogy of the network theory of memory organization is:

According to the network theory of memory,another name for memory files is: