Question 1

Short-term memory performs three functions.Which of the following is not among the three functions?

Accepted Answer

Providing a location for network nodes is not a function of short-term memory. The three functions of short-term memory are holding information for a short period of time, helping to encode information into long-term memory, and selectively attending to information that is relevant.

Question 2

You are being introduced to several people in your first job interview: Ted,Julie,Benito,Dewayne,Frank,and Andy.Based on the primacy effect,whose name are you most likely to remember?

Accepted Answer

According to the primacy effect, people are more likely to remember the first person or thing they are introduced to. Therefore, Ted's name is the one most likely to be remembered.

Question 3

What are the two memory systems?

Accepted Answer

The two primary memory systems are short-term memory, which holds information temporarily for immediate use, and long-term memory, which stores information for extended periods of time. The other answer choices are not accurate memory systems.

Question 4

The ability to recall items at the beginning of a list more easily than the following items is the result of the ____ effect.

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect is the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list more easily than items in the middle or at the end. This is because items at the beginning have more time to be rehearsed and stored in long-term memory.

Question 5

Gaylord likes to do memory tricks.He can memorize a list of 25 digits in just 25 seconds and then correctly recalls them.Based on this module,what is the most probable way he can do this trick?

Accepted Answer

Chunking is a memory technique where a large amount of information is broken down into smaller groups or chunks. In this case, Gaylord is able to remember 25 digits in just 25 seconds, which suggests that he is able to chunk them into smaller groups of information that are easier to remember.

Question 6

The textbook suggests thinking about sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory as:

Accepted Answer

The textbook suggests thinking about sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory as interactive processes, indicating that these components of memory work together and influence each other rather than functioning in isolation.

Question 7

Unlike that of sensory or short-term memories,the capacity of long-term memory:

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is believed to have an almost unlimited capacity for storing information, which can last for days, months, or even years. Unlike sensory or short-term memory, which have limited capacity and duration, long-term memory has a vast capacity for storing various types of information. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 8

What is a type of memory that allows information to be held for a short period of time until you decide what to do with it?

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is a type of memory that allows information to be held for a short period of time, usually around 15-30 seconds, until we decide what to do with it. This type of memory has a limited capacity and can hold around 7 pieces of information at a time.

Question 9

As you study for a class,you find that the material is very difficult.To encode the material into long-term memory,you should try to ____.

Accepted Answer

Making associations between the difficult material and what you already know is one effective way to encode it into long-term memory. This technique is known as elaborative rehearsal, where you elaborate on the material with examples or connect it to your prior knowledge. This helps create meaningful connections in your brain, leading to better retention and recall of the material. Options A and C are not possible as the storage capacity and memorization are fixed, while option B is a shallow form of rehearsal that is less effective for encoding in the long-term memory.

Question 10

Jack enlists the assistance of a travel agent to help him arrange a business trip to seven military bases for a weapons contractor.The agent lists all the stops on the trip.Later,when Jack tells his friend Darlene his itinerary,he can accurately remember only the date and location of his first stop.This is an example of the ____ effect.

Accepted Answer

Primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember information that is presented first, which is why Jack could remember the date and location of his first stop, but not the others on his itinerary. This is a common memory phenomenon and often occurs when there is a delay between the initial presentation of the information and the recall of that information.

Question 11

The social security number 999-61-4374 may be best remembered as:

Accepted Answer

The social security number given is divided into three meaningful chunks of information: 999 (area number), 61 (group number), and 4374 (serial number). This method of chunking helps to remember and recall the information more effectively.

Question 12

On the way to her wedding,Maria thinks about all the other men she has dated.Her clearest memory is of Lawrence,her first boyfriend.Maria's recall illustrates the ____ effect.

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember information that was presented first in a list or sequence. In this case, Lawrence was Maria's first boyfriend, so her clearest memory of him illustrates the primacy effect.

Question 13

Research has found that short-term memory most involves the ____ of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal area of the brain is responsible for short-term memory, as it is involved in the processing and manipulation of information temporarily held in memory. The other brain structures listed are involved in other functions, such as the brainstem area in basic bodily functions, the corpus callosum in communication between the brain hemispheres, and the cerebellum in motor coordination.

Question 14

What happens to sensory information when you pay attention to it?

Accepted Answer

When you pay attention to sensory information, it enters short-term memory, also known as working memory. This allows you to process and manipulate the information before either discarding it or encoding it into long-term memory.

Question 15

A study of college freshmen's recall of grades showed that:

Accepted Answer

The study found that college freshmen had better recall of positive grades than negative grades, indicating that people often have better memory of positive events than negative ones.

Question 16

An education major is interviewing a veteran teacher for a class project.The teacher is asked about how to help students learn and says,"Give lots of examples." Based on the textbook,what is the best reason for teachers to give examples?

Accepted Answer

Giving examples helps students to connect new information with old information that they already know, which aids in the process of learning and retention.

Question 17

The primacy effect operates because we:

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect operates because we have more time to rehearse the first items. This is because when we encounter a list of items, we tend to focus our attention on the beginning of the list and spend more time rehearsing those items, which makes them easier to remember later on.

Question 18

Information stored in long-term memory:

Accepted Answer

Information stored in long-term memory is relatively permanent, meaning it can be retained for an indefinite amount of time. It is not limited to a specific number of items like short-term memory, and it does not require constant rehearsal to prevent decay as with some types of memory.

Question 19

With the help of a travel agent,Ron plans a Caribbean cruise.The travel agent lists all the ports of call in the cruise.Later,when Ron is telling a friend his plans,he can only remember the first stop on the tour.This is an example of the:

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect is the tendency for individuals to better remember the first pieces of information that they encounter. In this case, Ron was able to recall the first port of call in the Caribbean cruise but was unable to remember the rest, which suggests the primacy effect at play.

Question 20

The student tells the teacher,"I don't think I can remember this material.I don't have much room left in my long-term memory." As a teacher,how would you respond in a helpful and constructive way?

Accepted Answer

It is important to validate the student’s concerns and feelings, while also providing a constructive response. Choice C acknowledges the possibility that the student may be having difficulty encoding or retrieving information, rather than simply dismissing their concerns or attributing it to a negative attitude. This response offers the student an opportunity to explore other factors that may be affecting their ability to remember the material.

Quiz 11: Types of Memory