Question 1

Michael is only 30 but his company has already promoted him three times.He seems to have an intuitive understanding about how a career should be established and advanced.Michael probably would achieve high scores on tests designed to measure:

Accepted Answer

Tacit knowledge refers to the kind of understanding and skills that are not formally taught but are crucial for success in practical situations, such as advancing in a career. Michael's ability to intuitively understand and navigate his career suggests he has high tacit knowledge.

Question 2

The trend known as the Flynn Effect:

Accepted Answer

The Flynn Effect has been documented worldwide, including in non-Western cultures. The phenomenon refers to the increase in average intelligence test scores over time.

Question 3

Most explanations for the Flynn Effect revolve around:

Accepted Answer

The Flynn Effect, which refers to the observed rise in IQ scores over time, is primarily attributed to environmental factors such as improved nutrition, education, and health care, rather than genetic influences, group differences in basic intelligence, or changes in testing procedures.

Question 4

Sternberg and Wagner found that tacit knowledge:

Accepted Answer

Sternberg and Wagner found that tacit knowledge improves as people gain more work experience. This is because tacit knowledge is primarily developed through practical, hands-on experience and cannot be explicitly taught or acquired through formal education or training.

Question 5

Mr.and Mrs.Livingstone are concerned because two-year-old Charles just completed the Toddler Test of Academic Potential (TTAP) and the results indicate that his current IQ is just under 80.They had started a college savings fund, and now they don't know whether they should continue the contributions since Charles will likely never attend college.You should tell Mr.and Mrs.Livingstone that:

Accepted Answer

It is widely known that testing a child's IQ at such a young age can be inaccurate, as many factors such as attention span and anxiety can affect the results. Therefore, it is recommended to wait until the child is at least 3-4 years old before making any conclusive judgments about their intellectual ability.

Question 6

Charlene is currently 30 years old.Her IQ was tested when she was 15, and it was 100.If Charlene has her IQ tested again she would likely find that her current IQ score

Accepted Answer

IQ scores tend to be relatively stable over time, especially for adults. While there may be some small variations, it is unlikely that Charlene's score would be drastically different from her previous score of 100.

Question 7

Unspoken rules and strategies that are rarely, if ever, taught formally are called:

Accepted Answer

Tacit knowledge refers to knowledge and strategies that are not explicitly taught but are understood and used by people through experience and cultural norms. It includes unspoken rules and social cues that shape behavior in different contexts.

Question 8

The Seattle Longitudinal Study results suggest that between the ages of 25 and 60:

Accepted Answer

The Seattle Longitudinal Study found that there is no uniform decline in general intellectual ability between the ages of 25 and 60. Instead, different cognitive abilities may peak and decline at different ages, and overall there may be some minor declines in certain domains such as perceptual speed and reasoning ability. However, many individuals are able to maintain or improve their cognitive abilities into old age with continued use and stimulation of the brain.

Question 9

The idea of emotional intelligence is most similar to:

Accepted Answer

Gardner's interpersonal intelligence, one of the multiple intelligences, involves the ability to understand and interact effectively with others. Emotional intelligence also involves the ability to understand and manage emotions in oneself and others, and to navigate social situations. Both concepts emphasize the importance of interpersonal relationships and communication skills. Tacit knowledge refers to unspoken, intuitive knowledge gained through experience, while Sternberg's creative intelligence and crystallized intelligence are not directly related to emotional intelligence.

Question 10

The Flynn Effect is the finding that:

Accepted Answer

The Flynn Effect is a well-documented phenomenon where there has been a steady increase in IQ scores over time. This means that younger generations tend to have higher IQ scores than older generations when taking the same IQ test. This effect has been observed across different countries and different types of IQ tests.

Question 11

Eve didn't go to college and she was never trained to run a business, but with experience she developed great management skills and understands how to make a business prosper.Eve would score well on a test of:

Accepted Answer

Tacit knowledge refers to practical and experiential knowledge that is not explicitly taught or learned through formal education or training. Eve's ability to develop great management skills through experience indicates a high level of tacit knowledge. General intelligence (g) refers to overall cognitive ability and is not necessarily related to practical skills in business management. Analytical intelligence and fluid intelligence both involve problem-solving and reasoning abilities, but do not necessarily relate directly to business management skills.

Question 12

Michelle is an excellent manager because she seems to have a real talent for interacting with others and using the skills of her co-workers in effective ways.Michelle would probably achieve high scores on tests designed to measure:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Michelle is an excellent manager because she...

Question 13

The average IQ of this year's graduating class at Bradbury High is 112 points.The average IQ of the graduating class from 25 years ago was 107 points, and the average IQ of the graduating class from 50 years ago was 101 points.This trend is consistent with:

Accepted Answer

The consistent increase in average IQ scores over time is indicative of the Flynn Effect, which refers to the phenomenon of increasing intelligence test scores over generations. This trend cannot be attributed to heritability, shifts in reaction range or reciprocal determinism, as none of these factors account for the overall increase in IQ scores across populations over time.

Question 14

In the early 1990s, some researchers found that listening to 10 minutes of Mozart improved performance on spatial-reasoning tasks.Follow-up studies have found that:

Accepted Answer

While there have been follow-up studies that have found some improvement in verbal and math reasoning tasks, as well as some evidence that sad, slow music may also improve spatial reasoning, the consistent finding among studies is that the improvements in performance are relatively small and only last for a brief period of time. For example, one study found that the effect only lasted about 15 minutes after listening to Mozart. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. Choice D is not supported by the evidence, as the improvements are generally brief rather than permanent.

Question 15

Tacit knowledge consists of:

Accepted Answer

Tacit knowledge refers to unspoken rules and strategies that are rarely, if ever, taught formally. The other options refer to general intelligence, cognitive abilities, and specific skills, which are not necessarily part of tacit knowledge.

Question 16

Dennis is currently 15 years old.His IQ was tested when he was 10, and it was 120.When Dennis is 20 years old his IQ:

Accepted Answer

IQ scores tend to remain relatively stable over time, especially within a five-year period. Therefore, it is likely that Dennis' IQ will remain around 120 when he is 20 years old. While some fluctuations may occur, doubling or halving his previous score (choices B and C) are highly unlikely. A retest may always be recommended (choice D) to assess a more accurate and recent IQ score.

Question 17

Mr.and Mrs.Matthews are excited because two-year-old Lauren just completed the Toddler Test of Academic Potential (TTAP), and the results indicate that her current IQ is over 150.They want to start a college savings fund right away to ensure Lauren will be able to attend one of the top private universities.You should tell Mr.and Mrs.Matthews that:

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to get an accurate assessment of intellectual ability before the age of 3 or 4, so the TTAP results should be viewed with caution. IQ tests at this age can be influenced by factors such as attention, motivation, and family environment, and may not be a reliable predictor of future academic success. It is also important to note that IQ scores can vary over time and should be re-evaluated as Lauren gets older to get a more accurate picture of her intellectual potential. Starting a college savings fund may be a good idea regardless of her IQ, but it is important not to put too much emphasis on a single test score at such a young age.

Question 18

Current thinking, with regard to changes in different aspects of intelligence across the life span, is that:

Accepted Answer

Current thinking suggests that fluid intelligence, which is the ability to reason and solve novel problems, decreases across the life span, while crystallized intelligence, which is knowledge and skills gained through experience and education, remains stable or may even increase. This is likely due to the fact that fluid intelligence is more reliant on processing speed and working memory, which tend to decline with age, while crystallized intelligence is based on accumulated knowledge and expertise, which can continue to grow with experience.

Question 19

Based on follow-up research that has investigated the "Mozart effect," you should predict that exam performance may improve if students:

Accepted Answer

Research on the Mozart effect has shown that listening to music that is enjoyable and personally preferred can improve cognitive performance. The key factor seems to be the positive emotion that the music elicits, rather than any specific properties of the music itself. Therefore, students may improve their exam performance by listening to something they enjoy while they write exams.

Question 20

The Mozart effect most likely is due to:

Accepted Answer

The Mozart effect is most likely due to improved mood or arousal, which can enhance performance on certain tasks temporarily. This effect is not necessarily related to long-term changes in brain development, specific activation of brain areas related to spatial reasoning, or a placebo effect, but rather to the immediate impact of music on mood and arousal levels.

Quiz 10: Intelligence