Question 1

Gender schemas are:
A)inborn
B)learned
C)always accurate
D)generally maladaptive

Accepted Answer

Gender schemas are learned cognitive structures that influence our beliefs and behaviors about gender. They are not inborn, always accurate, or necessarily maladaptive.

Question 2

The social learning theory of gender role development states that gender roles develop because:
A)children have few models for gender-appropriate behavior
B)children quickly determine that their genitals are different from others'
C)children are innately programmed to behave in stereotypically "masculine" or "feminine" ways
D)children are rewarded for certain "masculine" or "feminine" behavior

Accepted Answer

The social learning theory of gender role development states that children learn gender roles through observing and imitating others' behavior, as well as being rewarded or punished for certain behaviors. This suggests that children are rewarded for behaving in gender-typical ways, leading to the development of gender roles. Option A is incorrect because the theory suggests that children have many models for gender-appropriate behavior. Option B is incorrect because the theory suggests that gender roles develop through social learning rather than biological factors. Option C is incorrect because the theory suggests that gender roles are learned through socialization rather than innate programming.

Question 3

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who faces his or her own impending death would experience which of the following stages first?
A)anger stage
B)depression stage
C)denial stage
D)acceptance stage

Accepted Answer

According to Kübler-Ross's model, the first stage of facing one's own impending death is denial, which involves a refusal to accept the reality of the situation.

Question 4

You overhear two boys arguing about whether Marissa can be a truck driver when she grows up.Trevelyan says, "There is no way that Marissa can do that, because only men can become truck drivers." Based on this statement, it is most likely that Trevelyan is:
A)in elementary school (age 6 or 7)
B)still a toddler (age 1 or 2)
C)in kindergarten or preschool (age 3 or 4)
D)in early adolescence

Accepted Answer

Trevelyan's statement reflects a stereotype or a simplistic generalization, which children in elementary school (age 6 or 7) might express as they begin to understand societal roles but may not fully grasp the concept of gender equality in professions.

Question 5

Children typically have a firm gender identity and have begun to act in accordance with well-established gender roles:
A)by the time they are in elementary school (ages 6 or 7)
B)while they are still toddlers (age 1 or 2)
C)during the early preschool years (ages 3 or 4)
D)only once they reach adolescence (during the teen years)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children typically have a firm gender identity...

Question 6

Surveys often reveal that beliefs about the elderly are:
A)simplistic
B)harmless
C)inaccurate
D)not stereotypic

Accepted Answer

Surveys tend to show that beliefs about the elderly are inaccurate, meaning they do not align with reality. These beliefs can contribute to stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes towards older adults.

Question 7

According to Terror Management Theory:
A)people tend to seek out reminders that life will one day come to an end
B)people see death as a natural part of life and are not bothered by thinking about their own mortality
C)people choose to think about their mortality as a way of motivating themselves to be more active
D)people are threatened by the idea of death and avoid things that remind them of their mortality

Accepted Answer

According to Terror Management Theory, people are threatened by the idea of death and avoid things that remind them of their mortality. The theory suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain faith in their cultural worldviews and self-esteem in order to counteract death anxiety. Therefore, reminders of death can lead to defensive responses such as avoidance or adherence to cultural norms and values to maintain a sense of security and meaning in life.

Question 8

Charles has been told that he has lung cancer that is beyond treatment.His doctor tells him that he will probably die within a year.Charles suddenly starts to laugh and tells the doctor that the lab must have mixed up the test results.Charles is most likely in the stage of grieving identified by Kübler-Ross as:
A)denial
B)anger
C)bargaining
D)depression

Accepted Answer

Charles is exhibiting classic symptoms of denial by refusing to accept the reality of his diagnosis and instead insisting that the test results must have been mixed up.

Question 9

Billy believes boys are stronger, noisier, better at math, and make better doctors, engineers, and police officers than girls.These beliefs about males and females represent:
A)gender schemas
B)gender assimilation
C)gender identities
D)gender trajectories

Accepted Answer

Gender schemas are beliefs and expectations about the characteristics and behaviors of males and females that are reinforced by society and culture. Billy's beliefs about the superior abilities of males in certain professions and academic subjects are examples of gender schemas.

Question 10

Brianne is playing with one of her dolls pretending to be a nurse.Her parents praise her for being so helpful and nurturing.Which theory would say the parents praise might act as a reward, fostering feminine behavior on the part of Brianne?
A)attachment theory
B)schema theory
C)social learning theory
D)humanistic theory

Accepted Answer

The social learning theory suggests that individuals learn behavior through observing and imitating others, as well as receiving rewards or punishments for certain behaviors. In this scenario, Brianne's parents' praise for her feminine and nurturing behavior may act as a reward, leading her to continue exhibiting those behaviors in the future.

Question 11

In the stage theory of the dying process proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who said, "There must be some terrible mistake," would most likely be in the:
A)anger stage
B)depression stage
C)denial stage
D)acceptance stage

Accepted Answer

In the Kübler-Ross stage theory of the dying process, the first stage is denial, in which the individual may refuse to believe or accept the reality of their situation. The statement "There must be some terrible mistake" reflects a resistance to acknowledging the truth of their impending death, which is a common characteristic of the denial stage.

Question 12

An organized set of beliefs and perceptions held about women and men is a:
A)gender schema
B)gender assimilation
C)gender identity
D)gender trajectory

Accepted Answer

A gender schema is an organized cognitive structure that contains information about gender roles, expectations, and behaviors. It shapes how individuals perceive and interpret gender-related information and influences their attitudes and behavior towards others based on their gender.

Question 13

Older people are generally:
A)evaluated more positively than younger people
B)viewed in an equally positive light as younger people
C)evaluated less positively than younger people
D)not evaluated by others

Accepted Answer

Unfortunately, older people are often evaluated less positively than younger people, especially in terms of physical appearance, cognitive abilities, and productivity. This is known as ageism, which is a form of discrimination based on age. It can have negative effects on older people's self-esteem, sense of belonging, and access to opportunities.

Question 14

Which theory states people are threatened by the idea of death and avoid things that remind them of their mortality?
A)the stage theory of death
B)psychosocial theory
C)dying trajectory theory
D)terror management theory

Accepted Answer

Terror management theory states that people are threatened by the idea of death and avoid things that remind them of their mortality. It suggests that people use various psychological strategies to manage their fear of mortality, including cultural beliefs and behaviors that provide a sense of meaning and self-esteem.

Question 15

Cassandra just turned 3 years old.If she is questioned about her gender, she is most likely:
A)to still be confused about whether she is a boy or a girl
B)to recognize that she is a girl and be aware that she will always be a girl
C)to show evidence of acting in accordance with well-established gender roles
D)to recognize that she is a girl and give some stereotyped responses about general characteristics of girls

Accepted Answer

At age 3, children typically recognize their gender and may give stereotyped responses about gender characteristics, though their understanding of gender permanence is still developing.

Question 16

In the stage theory of the dying process proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who was in the anger stage would be most likely to say:
A)"There must be some terrible mistake."
B)"Why is this happening to me?"
C)"What can I do to stop this from happening?"
D)"I'm ready to die."

Accepted Answer

The anger stage is the second stage in Kübler-Ross's model, and it is characterized by feelings of frustration, resentment, and a sense of injustice. Someone in the anger stage may feel like things are happening to them, and may ask questions like "Why me?" or "Why is this happening?" Therefore, choice B is the most likely statement from someone in the anger stage.

Question 17

Which theory says children learn to act in a masculine or feminine manner because they are rewarded for doing so?
A)attachment theory
B)psychoanalytic theory
C)social learning theory
D)humanistic theory

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory suggests that children learn to act in a masculine or feminine manner through observation and imitation of the behaviors of others, and through the rewards and punishments for those behaviors. In this way, gender roles and behaviors are learned through socialization and reinforcement.

Question 18

In the stage theory of the dying process proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who was in the denial stage would be most likely to say:
A)"There must be some terrible mistake."
B)"Why is this happening to me?"
C)"What can I do to stop this from happening?"
D)"I'm ready to die."

Accepted Answer

In the denial stage, individuals often refuse to believe that they are dying and instead may believe that there has been a mistake or misdiagnosis. Choice A reflects this type of thinking. Choices B and C are more reflective of the bargaining stage, and choice D is reflective of acceptance, which is the final stage.

Question 19

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who faces his or her own impending death would experience the stages in which of the following orders?
A)denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance, depression
B)anger, denial, bargaining, acceptance, depression
C)denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
D)anger, denial, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Accepted Answer

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross outlined the five stages of grief as denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, specifically in the context of individuals facing their own death.

Question 20

A twenty-five year old man refuses to visit his grandmother who is seriously ill and near death.Which theory best explains his reluctance to visit?
A)the stage theory of death
B)psychosocial theory
C)dying trajectory theory
D)terror management theory

Accepted Answer

The terror management theory suggests that individuals may avoid confronting death and dying-related situations as a way to cope with their own mortality. This may explain the man's reluctance to visit his grandmother who is seriously ill and close to death.

Quiz 4: Human Development

Gender schemas are:

The social learning theory of gender role development states that gender roles develop because:

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who faces his or her own impending death would experience which of the following stages first?

You overhear two boys arguing about whether Marissa can be a truck driver when she grows up.Trevelyan says, "There is no way that Marissa can do that, because only men can become truck drivers." Based on this statement, it is most likely that Trevelyan is:

Children typically have a firm gender identity and have begun to act in accordance with well-established gender roles:

Surveys often reveal that beliefs about the elderly are:

According to Terror Management Theory:

Billy believes boys are stronger, noisier, better at math, and make better doctors, engineers, and police officers than girls.These beliefs about males and females represent:

Brianne is playing with one of her dolls pretending to be a nurse.Her parents praise her for being so helpful and nurturing.Which theory would say the parents praise might act as a reward, fostering feminine behavior on the part of Brianne?

In the stage theory of the dying process proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who said, "There must be some terrible mistake," would most likely be in the:

An organized set of beliefs and perceptions held about women and men is a:

Older people are generally:

Which theory states people are threatened by the idea of death and avoid things that remind them of their mortality?

Cassandra just turned 3 years old.If she is questioned about her gender, she is most likely:

In the stage theory of the dying process proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who was in the anger stage would be most likely to say:

Which theory says children learn to act in a masculine or feminine manner because they are rewarded for doing so?

In the stage theory of the dying process proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who was in the denial stage would be most likely to say:

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, an individual who faces his or her own impending death would experience the stages in which of the following orders?

A twenty-five year old man refuses to visit his grandmother who is seriously ill and near death.Which theory best explains his reluctance to visit?