Question 1

An automaker moved the location of the horn to a lever on the steering column for one of its car models, when they introduced air bags.It was later found that motorists were confused by the new location of the horn, and often flicked the wipers or turned on the lights, instead of sounding the horn.The company asked a psychologist to help solve this design problem.The psychologist the company hired to help is most likely:
A)a social psychologist
B)a developmental psychologist
C)an industrial/organizational psychologist
D)a human factors psychologist

Accepted Answer

The psychologist hired by the company is most likely a human factors psychologist, as they specialize in designing products and interfaces that are user-friendly and minimize user error. They consider human factors such as perception, cognition, and biomechanics in designing products.

Question 2

A psychologist who extends the principles of psychology to practical, everyday problems in the real world would be:
A)a clinical psychologist
B)a research psychologist
C)an eclectic psychologist
D)an applied psychologist

Accepted Answer

An applied psychologist uses psychological principles in practical, real-world situations to solve problems such as improving workplace productivity, reducing stress, and enhancing education. Clinical psychologists, on the other hand, diagnose and treat mental illness, and research psychologists conduct experiments to advance psychological knowledge. Eclectic psychologists use a combination of approaches from various psychological theories and perspectives.

Question 3

Elena is a psychologist who works with the FBI to improve methods of interviewing eyewitnesses to crimes.Elena would most likely be classified as:
A)an organizational psychologist
B)a forensic psychologist
C)an industrial psychologist
D)a human factors psychologist

Accepted Answer

A forensic psychologist applies psychological principles to legal issues and the criminal justice system, including interviewing witnesses, evaluating suspects' mental states, and providing expert testimony in court. Elena's work with the FBI to improve methods of interviewing eyewitnesses to crimes falls under the role of a forensic psychologist.

Question 4

June is a graduate student whose major area of interest is social psychology.You should expect that June is most interested in:
A)how people relate to each other and influence each other
B)the ways in which physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior
C)the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across various situations
D)how behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime

Accepted Answer

Social psychology is the study of how people relate to each other and influence each other, so it follows that someone who is majoring in this field would be most interested in this topic. Option B is more aligned with biological psychology, Option C is more aligned with personality psychology, and Option D is more aligned with developmental psychology.

Question 5

Martin is a psychologist who is currently conducting experiments in an attempt to understand how physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior.Martin would most likely be classified as:
A)a clinical psychologist
B)an applied psychologist
C)a psychiatrist
D)a research psychologist

Accepted Answer

Martin is conducting experiments and attempting to understand the relationship between physical or genetic factors and behavior, which indicates he is a research psychologist. Clinical psychologists typically diagnose and treat mental disorders, applied psychologists use psychological principles to solve practical problems, and psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in mental health and can prescribe medication.

Question 6

Maxine is an applied psychologist.While she is at work, Maxine probably spends time:
A)treating abnormal behavior or providing advice on adjustment problems
B)trying to discover basic principles of behavior and mind through scientific experiments
C)solving practical problems in the real world, using principles of scientific psychology
D)studying how behavior and mental processes change over the course of a lifetime

Accepted Answer

Applied psychology focuses on using principles and research findings to solve practical problems in the real world, such as improving workplace productivity, treating mental health disorders, or enhancing educational strategies. Maxine, as an applied psychologist, is likely to be involved in the application of psychological theories to practical issues, such as designing training programs or implementing mental health interventions, rather than conducting scientific experiments or researching general principles of behavior and mind.

Question 7

The intensity of the lights in Jim's car increases when he pushes a control lever up, and decreases when he pushes the same control lever down.Using natural mappings like these in design is a principle favored by:
A)functionalists
B)psychoanalytic psychologists
C)human factors psychologists
D)social psychologists

Accepted Answer

The use of natural mappings is a principle of human factors psychology, which involves designing products and systems that are user-friendly, efficient, and safe. Human factors psychologists consider human limitations and capabilities in designing interfaces, controls, and displays in a way that makes sense to the user and reduces errors and accidents.

Question 8

Anne is a psychologist who is currently collecting data in an attempt to understand how people influence and relate to each other.Anne would most likely be classified as:
A)a clinical psychologist
B)a research psychologist
C)an applied psychologist
D)a psychiatrist

Accepted Answer

Anne is collecting data to understand how people influence and relate to each other, therefore she is a research psychologist. Clinical psychologists work with individuals to diagnose and treat mental health disorders, applied psychologists use psychological principles in practical settings, and psychiatrists are medical doctors that specialize in treating mental health disorders.

Question 9

A psychologist who conducts experiments in an attempt to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind would be:
A)a research psychologist
B)a clinical psychologist
C)an applied psychologist
D)a psychiatrist

Accepted Answer

Research psychologists focus on conducting experiments and studies to discover fundamental principles of behavior and mind. They use scientific methods to gather evidence and analyze data in order to gain new insights and develop theories. This type of psychologist is distinct from clinical psychologists, who work more directly with patients, and from applied psychologists, who apply psychology concepts to solve practical problems. Psychiatrists, on the other hand, are medical doctors who specialize in treating mental illness and can prescribe medication.

Question 10

Inez is an applied psychologist, while her brother Estefan is a research psychologist.The main difference between what they do is that:
A)Inez studies the basic principles of behavior, while Estefan works on solving practical everyday problems
B)when performing psychotherapy, Inez can prescribe drugs while Estefan cannot
C)Inez works on solving practical everyday problems, while Estefan studies the basic principles of behavior
D)when performing psychotherapy, Inez cannot prescribe drugs but Estefan can

Accepted Answer

Inez, as an applied psychologist, focuses on applying psychological principles to solve practical, real-world problems. Estefan, as a research psychologist, concentrates on studying the fundamental principles of behavior and mental processes.

Question 11

School psychologists help identify children with learning disabilities or other problems that affect education, and they develop plans for helping these children perform well in school.School psychologists are one type of:
A)clinical psychologist
B)eclectic psychologist
C)applied psychologist
D)counseling psychologist

Accepted Answer

School psychologists are a type of applied psychologist, as they apply psychological theories and techniques to real-world problems in educational settings. Clinical psychologists focus on providing therapy to individuals with mental health disorders, while counseling psychologists also provide therapy but typically focus on issues related to personal and social development. Eclectic psychologists may use a variety of approaches and techniques, drawing from multiple theoretical perspectives.

Question 12

Human factors psychologists:
A)work with industry to train new recruits and establish effective lines of employee communication
B)work with students in primary and secondary schools
C)work on the design and engineering of new products
D)are concerned with the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across situations

Accepted Answer

Human factors psychologists work on the design and engineering of new products, with the goal of improving usability, safety, and user experience.

Question 13

You are scheduled to take part in an experiment examining basic processes in memory and reasoning.The psychologist in charge is most likely:
A)a research psychologist
B)an applied psychologist
C)a clinical psychologist
D)a school psychologist

Accepted Answer

A research psychologist is most likely in charge of conducting experiments and studying basic processes such as memory and reasoning. They focus on generating new knowledge and contributing to the scientific community's understanding of psychological phenomena.

Question 14

Larry is a graduate student whose major area of interest is cognitive psychology.You should expect that Larry is most interested in:
A)understanding mental processes such as memory and learning
B)the ways in which physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior
C)the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across various situations
D)how people relate to each other and influence each other

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes such as memory, attention, and problem-solving. So, it is most likely that Larry is interested in understanding these mental processes. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 15

Signet Air recently hired a psychologist to help redesign the cockpit of a new aircraft.The goal is to reduce the probability of pilot error in reading the instrument panel.The psychologist the company hired is most likely:
A)a human factors psychologist
B)a social psychologist
C)a developmental psychologist
D)an industrial/organizational psychologist

Accepted Answer

A human factors psychologist specializes in designing systems and equipment to optimize human performance and minimize error. In this case, the psychologist was hired to redesign the cockpit to reduce the probability of pilot error in reading the instrument panel, which is a task that falls under the expertise of a human factors psychologist.

Question 16

Daniel is a graduate student whose major area of interest is personality psychology.You should expect that Daniel is most interested in:
A)the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across various situations
B)the ways in which physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior
C)how people relate to each other and influence each other
D)how behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime

Accepted Answer

Personality psychology primarily focuses on the internal factors and traits that lead people to act consistently across various situations. This includes exploring aspects such as self-concept, motivation, emotions, and cognition.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding psychology and the topic of remembering classroom material, according to the "Practical Solutions" section of Chapter 1?
A)Psychologists have had little to say about successful learning and retention.
B)What psychology has discovered about learning and retention confirms conventional wisdom.
C)Psychologists have studied learning in the laboratory but not in the classroom.
D)What psychology has discovered about learning and retention flies in the face of conventional wisdom.

Accepted Answer

Psychology's findings on learning and retention often challenge common beliefs, providing insights that may not align with traditional views on studying and memory strategies.

Question 18

The Practical Solutions section of Chapter 1 describes the results of research on learning and memory.Which of the following statements LEAST matches the results of that research?
A)Repeated reading of material does little to improve comprehension.
B)Repeated reading of material is the most efficient way to memorize the material.
C)Repeated testing improves the actual comprehension of material.
D)Repeated testing leads to better memory for information than repeated reading.

Accepted Answer

The results of research described in the Practical Solutions section of Chapter 1 indicate that repeated reading of material does little to improve comprehension and that repeated testing leads to better memory for information than repeated reading. However, the research does not suggest that repeated reading is the most efficient way to memorize material. In fact, the opposite is true - repeated testing is a more effective way to improve memory and retention. Therefore, statement B is the least accurate match to the research results.

Question 19

An applied psychologist:
A)diagnoses and treats psychological problems
B)extends the principles of psychology to practical, everyday problems in the real world
C)conducts experiments in an attempt to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind
D)is a medical doctor specializing in psychological problems

Accepted Answer

Applied psychologists use psychological principles to address practical problems in the real world, such as in the workplace, schools, communities, and healthcare settings. They may use their knowledge to develop programs, interventions, and strategies to improve people's lives and well-being. It is different from clinical psychologists (A) who diagnose and treat psychological disorders and abnormal behavior. Experimental psychologists (C) focus on conducting research to understand basic principles of behavior and mind. Psychiatrists (D) are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating mental illnesses.

Question 20

Which of the following would NOT be a type of applied psychologist?
A)a school psychologist
B)an industrial/organizational psychologist
C)a human factors psychologist
D)a developmental psychologist

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on how people develop and change over time, but it is not typically considered an "applied" field in the same way as the others. Applied psychology is a subfield that takes principles and theories from psychological research and applies them to real-world problems or issues in various settings, such as education, business, or healthcare. School psychologists work with students, teachers, and parents to support academic and emotional functioning in schools; industrial/organizational psychologists help organizations improve productivity, morale, and employee well-being; and human factors psychologists study the interaction between people and machines or technology to improve product design and usability.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Psychology

A psychologist who extends the principles of psychology to practical, everyday problems in the real world would be:

Elena is a psychologist who works with the FBI to improve methods of interviewing eyewitnesses to crimes.Elena would most likely be classified as:

June is a graduate student whose major area of interest is social psychology.You should expect that June is most interested in:

Martin is a psychologist who is currently conducting experiments in an attempt to understand how physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior.Martin would most likely be classified as:

Maxine is an applied psychologist.While she is at work, Maxine probably spends time:

The intensity of the lights in Jim's car increases when he pushes a control lever up, and decreases when he pushes the same control lever down.Using natural mappings like these in design is a principle favored by:

Anne is a psychologist who is currently collecting data in an attempt to understand how people influence and relate to each other.Anne would most likely be classified as:

A psychologist who conducts experiments in an attempt to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind would be:

Inez is an applied psychologist, while her brother Estefan is a research psychologist.The main difference between what they do is that:

School psychologists help identify children with learning disabilities or other problems that affect education, and they develop plans for helping these children perform well in school.School psychologists are one type of:

Human factors psychologists:

You are scheduled to take part in an experiment examining basic processes in memory and reasoning.The psychologist in charge is most likely:

Larry is a graduate student whose major area of interest is cognitive psychology.You should expect that Larry is most interested in:

Signet Air recently hired a psychologist to help redesign the cockpit of a new aircraft.The goal is to reduce the probability of pilot error in reading the instrument panel.The psychologist the company hired is most likely:

Daniel is a graduate student whose major area of interest is personality psychology.You should expect that Daniel is most interested in:

Which of the following is TRUE regarding psychology and the topic of remembering classroom material, according to the "Practical Solutions" section of Chapter 1?

The Practical Solutions section of Chapter 1 describes the results of research on learning and memory.Which of the following statements LEAST matches the results of that research?

An applied psychologist:

Which of the following would NOT be a type of applied psychologist?