Question 1

Frequency data may be used to construct a histogram, or a vertical bar chart.

Accepted Answer

Frequency data is often displayed using a histogram, which is a type of vertical bar chart.

Question 2

The valid percentage column in a frequency distribution represents percentages calculated by excluding the cases with missing values.

Accepted Answer

The valid percentage column only includes cases with non-missing values, so it represents the percentage of those cases in the total sample size.

Question 3

The mean is that value obtained by summing all elements in a set and dividing by the number of elements.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of the mean.

Question 4

The mean is a good measure of location when the variable is inherently categorical or has otherwise been grouped into categories.

Accepted Answer

The mean is best used for continuous variables that have a numerical value. Categorical variables cannot be summed and averaged in the same way as continuous variables, making the mean a less appropriate measure of location in this context. Instead, measures such as mode or median are more appropriate for categorical variables.

Question 5

A measure of central tendency given as the value that occurs the most in a sample distribution is called the median.

Accepted Answer

The measure of central tendency that refers to the value that occurs the most in a sample distribution is actually the mode. The median is the middle value in a sorted list of data.

Question 6

According to the text, the measures of variability is a statistic that describes a location within a data set.

Accepted Answer

Measures of variability describe how spread out or dispersed the data is, not a specific location within it.

Question 7

A measure of central tendency, given as the value above which half of the values fall and below which half of the values fall is called the median.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of median.

Question 8

The most commonly used statistics associated with frequencies are measures of location and measures of variability.

Accepted Answer

Measures of location, such as mean and median, describe where the center or peak of the distribution is located, while measures of variability, such as range and standard deviation, describe how spread out the data is around the center. These are the two most commonly used types of statistics when analyzing frequency distributions.

Question 9

The most common measures of variability are the range and variance.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. The range is the difference between the highest and the lowest value in a dataset, while the variance measures the spread of the data by calculating the average of the squared deviations of each value from the mean. Both measures are commonly used to describe the variability or dispersion of a dataset.

Question 10

The mean, mode, and median are associated with the measures of location of frequency distribution.

Accepted Answer

The mean, mode, and median are all measures of central tendency used to describe where the majority of the data is located in a frequency distribution.

Question 11

The difference between the smallest and largest values of a distribution is called the variance.

Accepted Answer

The difference between the smallest and largest values of a distribution is called the range, not the variance. The variance is a measure of how spread out the data is around the mean.

Question 12

The mode is used to estimate the average when the data have been collected using an interval or ratio scale.

Accepted Answer

The mode is a measure of central tendency that identifies the most frequently occurring value in a dataset, not an estimate of the average. The mean is typically used to estimate the average for interval or ratio scale data.

Question 13

In a frequency distribution, two variables are considered at a time.

Accepted Answer

In a frequency distribution, only one variable is considered at a time (usually a quantitative variable). The distribution simply shows the frequency or count of each value or range of values of the variable.

Question 14

According to the text, the mode represents the highest peak of the distribution.

Accepted Answer

The mode is the most frequently occurring value in a distribution, and it represents the highest peak or point of the distribution.

Question 15

The median should be used if the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale.

Accepted Answer

The median is appropriate for asymmetric distributions because it is not affected by extreme values or outliers. It is also appropriate for variables measured on an ordinal scale because it is based on rank order rather than precise measurements.

Question 16

Many marketing research projects do not go beyond basic data analysis.

Accepted Answer

This is because many organizations may not have the resources or expertise to conduct advanced data analysis techniques such as regression analysis or factor analysis. Basic data analysis techniques such as descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations may be sufficient for the research objectives and budget.

Question 17

If the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on a nominal scale, the median should be used.

Accepted Answer

The median is a measure of central tendency that is appropriate for skewed distributions, but it is only meaningful for variables measured on an ordinal or higher scale. For nominal variables, the mode is the appropriate measure of central tendency.

Question 18

The mean of a sample is the middle value when the data are arranged in ascending or descending rank order.

Accepted Answer

The mean is the sum of all the values in the sample divided by the sample size. It is not necessarily the middle value when the data are arranged in ascending or descending rank order.

Question 19

A statistic that indicates the distribution's dispersion is called measures of variability.

Accepted Answer

Measures of variability, such as standard deviation and range, indicate how spread out or concentrated the data is in a distribution.

Question 20

A mathematical distribution whose objective is to obtain a count of the number of responses associated with different values of one variable as to express these counts in percentage terms is called frequency distribution.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided in the statement is correct and describes a frequency distribution.

Quiz 16: Frequency Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Cross-Tabulation