Question 1

The stage of memory that first encounters stimuli is called

Accepted Answer

The stage of memory that first encounters stimuli is called sensory memory. This is where all sensory information is briefly held before either being dismissed or transferred to short-term memory.

Question 2

In the Atkinson and Shiffrin stages of memory, the progress of information through the stages

Accepted Answer

In the Atkinson and Shiffrin stages of memory, the progress of information through the stages determines whether and how long information is retained. It does not have a direct impact on the vividness of perception or on the production of eidetic imagery.

Question 3

What is meant by the word "deeply" in the statement, "Memories tend to endure when information is processed deeply?"

Accepted Answer

"Deeply" can refer to all three options given in the answer choices. Elaborative rehearsal involves processing information more deeply by relating it to knowledge already stored in long-term memory. Encoding information carefully and pondering it also requires deeper processing than just shallowly memorizing something through repetition. Overall, when information is processed deeply, it is more likely to be remembered for a longer period of time.

Question 4

Do, re, mi is a typical

Accepted Answer

Do, re, mi are musical notes, which are auditory or acoustic codes.

Question 5

The difference between rote learning and meaningful learning is the difference between

Accepted Answer

Rote learning is characterized by maintenance rehearsal, which involves repeating information over and over without necessarily understanding its significance or meaning. In contrast, meaningful learning involves elaborative rehearsal, which involves actively engaging with the material, making connections to prior knowledge, and seeking to understand the deeper significance of the information. Episodic memory and semantic memory (A) may be related to long-term memory, but they do not distinguish between rote and meaningful learning. Short-term memory and long-term memory (C) are also related to memory acquisition and retention, but do not capture the distinction between rote and meaningful learning. Sensory processing and semantic processing (D) relate more to the encoding of information into memory, and are not specifically related to the difference between rote and meaningful learning.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a psychological format that can be used to transform information to be encoded?

Accepted Answer

There is no such format as a "sensory code" for encoding information. The other options (visual, acoustic, and semantic codes) are all psychological formats that can be used for encoding information.

Question 7

___________ means maintaining information over time.

Accepted Answer

Storage refers to the process of maintaining information over time. Encoding is the process of getting information into memory, retrospective memory refers to remembering things from the past, and maintenance rehearsal refers to repeating information to yourself to keep it in short-term memory.

Question 8

If an image of Abraham Lincoln's face were flashed on a screen, the viewer could hold the visual impression in his or her sensory register as a

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an image of Abraham Lincoln's face...

Question 9

Extending the semantic meaning of something you already know refers to

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves extending the semantic meaning of something you already know by connecting it to other information in your memory. This can help to encode the information more deeply and make it easier to retrieve in the future. Metamemory refers to knowledge and beliefs about one's own memory processes, retrospective memory refers to memory for past events, and maintenance rehearsal involves simply repeating information to keep it in working memory.

Question 10

Turn-of-the-century psychologist McDougall found that people presented with a list of 12 letters, shown for a fraction of a second, could recall

Accepted Answer

McDougall's research found that when people are presented with a list of 12 letters shown very briefly, they can typically recall only four or five letters in a single fixation. This finding is related to the limitations of short-term memory and visual perception.

Question 11

What type of code represents stimuli in terms of their meaning?

Accepted Answer

Semantic code represents stimuli in terms of their meaning. It involves encoding information based on the meaning of the stimulus rather than its physical characteristics. This type of encoding is used in language processing, where words are encoded based on their semantic meaning rather than their visual or acoustic properties.

Question 12

Locating stored information and returning it to consciousness is a memory process termed

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the memory process of locating stored information and bringing it to conscious awareness. Storage refers to the process of keeping information in memory over time, metamemory refers to knowledge and awareness of one's own memory abilities, and THUNSTOFAM is not a recognized term in the field of psychology or neuroscience.

Question 13

Mentally repeating a list or saying it to yourself refers to

Accepted Answer

Mentally repeating a list or saying it to yourself is an example of maintenance rehearsal, which involves repeating information in order to keep it in short-term memory for immediate use.

Question 14

By mentally repeating a telephone number after looking it up for the first time, Jim was engaged in

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal involves repeating information over and over in order to keep it in short-term memory. Jim repeating the telephone number is an example of maintenance rehearsal.

Question 15

The process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved is called

Accepted Answer

Priming refers to the activation of prior knowledge or associations that may influence the encoding or retrieval of memory. Learning is a broader term that encompasses the acquisition of knowledge and skills through various means, including but not limited to memory. Cueing refers to the use of external or internal cues to facilitate memory retrieval. Therefore, memory is the most appropriate term to describe the overall process of information processing from encoding to retrieval.

Question 16

Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed the three stages of memory referred to as

Accepted Answer

Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed the three-stage model of memory, which includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory holds sensory information for a brief period of time, typically less than a second. Short-term memory holds information for a brief period of time, typically up to 30 seconds, and has a limited capacity. Long-term memory holds information for an extended period of time, potentially indefinitely, and has a theoretically unlimited capacity. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes sensory, short-term, and long-term memory.

Question 17

While studying for an astronomy exam, Haley realizes that the swirling motion of the cream he has just poured into his coffee is similar to the motion of the solar nebula described in his textbook. This comparison helps him to remember the term for the phenomenon and represents an example of

Accepted Answer

This scenario represents elaborative rehearsal because Haley is actively trying to connect the new material (solar nebula) with something he already knows (swirling cream in coffee) in order to form a stronger memory.

Question 18

The process of locating and returning information to consciousness is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Retrieval is the process of bringing stored information back to consciousness or awareness. It involves accessing and retrieving the necessary information from one's memory store.

Question 19

While Tanya is visiting the pet store she looks down a row and catches a glimpse of an animal that suddenly darts across the aisle. Which of the following enable the conscious registering of the animal's movement?

Accepted Answer

Both saccadic eye movements and sensory memory are necessary for the conscious registering of the animal's movement. Saccadic eye movements allow the eyes to quickly move and refocus on the new location of the animal, while sensory memory briefly stores the visual information long enough for the brain to process it and create a conscious perception of the movement.

Question 20

Humans experience a "stream of consciousness" rather than discrete choppy impressions because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humans experience a "stream of consciousness" rather...

Quiz 6: Memory: Remembrance of Things Past-And Future