Question 1

Greg learned colors in French years ago in high school. He finds that he is having an easier time learning them again in college French. This is due to
A)recall.
B)recognition.
C)relearning.
D)earning savings.

Accepted Answer

Greg is relearning the colors in French, which means he has previously learned them before. This process of relearning is easier than learning from scratch because of prior knowledge and experience, hence the term "relearning".

Question 2

The concept of method of savings was developed by Ebbinghaus to study the efficiency of
A)recognition.
B)recall.
C)repression.
D)relearning.

Accepted Answer

The method of savings is a measure of the memorization retained from the original learning, through relearning the material at a later point. Thus, the efficiency of relearning is being studied, making recall and repression less relevant options. Recognition is not mentioned in the question stem. Therefore, option D, relearning, is the best choice.

Question 3

In Ebbinghaus's classic curve of forgetting, the greatest memory loss occurs
A)slowly over a course of weeks.
B)very slowly for a period of days and then rapidly increases.
C)at a consistent rate over weeks.
D)most rapidly after the material is learned.

Accepted Answer

According to Ebbinghaus's classic curve of forgetting, the greatest memory loss occurs most rapidly after the material is learned. This is often referred to as the "forgetting curve" and suggests that newly learned information is most vulnerable to decay immediately after it is acquired.

Question 4

One of the major contributions of Ebbinghaus's research was
A)demonstrating that memory could be studied scientifically.
B)understanding how long-term memory works.
C)learning more about the hippocampus.
D)proving that repressed memories do exist.

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus's research laid the foundation for the scientific study of memory, providing a methodical and experimental approach to studying memory processes.

Question 5

Remembering nonsense syllables is difficult because they are meaningless and require
A)elaborative rehearsal rather than maintenance rehearsal.
B)semantic coding rather than acoustic coding.
C)acoustic coding and maintenance rehearsal.
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Nonsense syllables are typically remembered using acoustic coding and maintenance rehearsal because they lack meaning, making it difficult to use semantic coding or elaborative rehearsal.

Question 6

Brooke works the evening shift at the local television station. In the morning, she has an important exam for which she must study after she gets off work. During the last hour of her shift, she drinks so much coffee that she feels jittery while she is studying. Under these circumstances, what might Brooke do just before the exam to increase her recall?
A)Take a nap so that she will feel rested after her late study sessions.
B)Review the information in the same place she studied the night before.
C)Review the information near the room in which the exam will be given.
D)Drink enough coffee to give herself the jitters again.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is based on the principle of state-dependent learning, which suggests that individuals recall information more effectively when they are in the same state of consciousness as when they learned the information. Since Brooke was jittery from drinking coffee while studying, drinking coffee again to induce the same state could enhance her recall during the exam.

Question 7

Joy just learned to speak French, but she notices that sometimes when speaking Spanish to her friends, French words come to mind. This is an example of
A)retroactive interference.
B)repression.
C)proactive interference.
D)method of savings.

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to recall old information. In this case, learning French is interfering with Joy's ability to recall Spanish.

Question 8

Evan met Lesley at a party last week. He sees her again a few weeks after their first meeting. He knows that he knows her name but just can't retrieve the information. This experience is referred to as
A)mnemonic failure.
B)tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
C)consolidation.
D)déjà vu.

Accepted Answer

The experience Evan is having is known as the "tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon," where one knows the information they are trying to recall but cannot retrieve it at that moment. This is a common experience for many people and is not necessarily indicative of a more serious memory issue like mnemonic failure. Consolidation refers to the process of converting short-term memories into long-term memories, and déjà vu is a feeling of familiarity or having experienced something before.

Question 9

In preparing for their 40th high school reunion, Jill and Ed correctly identified 75% of their classmates from a pile of old photos that contained classmates and students from other years. Their memory task was based on
A)recall.
B)recognition.
C)relearning.
D)method of savings.

Accepted Answer

Jill and Ed were given a pile of old photos that contained classmates and students from other years. They were tasked with identifying their classmates. They were able to correctly identify 75% of them, which suggests that their memory task was based on recognition. This is because they were given a set of options (the photos in the pile), and they were able to choose the correct ones based on familiarity, rather than trying to recall the information from memory alone.

Question 10

A student taking a multiple-choice exam generally relies on the ______ memory task.
A)paired association
B)recall
C)relearning
D)recognition

Accepted Answer

When taking a multiple-choice exam, the student is presented with a series of options, and their task is to recognize the correct answer out of those options. Therefore, the best choice is recognition, which involves identifying previously encountered information from among a set of alternatives.

Question 11

The difference between the number of times required to learn material initially and the number of times required to relearn the same material is referred to as
A)rehearsal.
B)savings.
C)forgetting.
D)relearning.

Accepted Answer

The difference between the number of times required to learn material initially (i.e., original learning) and the number of times required to relearn the same material (i.e., relearning) is called savings. It represents the amount of time, effort, and learning that individuals save due to their prior learning experience.

Question 12

According to _________ memory, if you study while listening to music, you should take your tests while listening to music.
A)context dependent
B)semantic
C)serial-position
D)proactive

Accepted Answer

Context dependent memory refers to the idea that we often remember information better when we are in the same context or environment where we learned it. In this case, if you studied while listening to music, it may be beneficial to take your test while listening to the same music because it can help recreate the same context and cues that were present during the initial learning phase.

Question 13

In the effects of mood on memory, a happy mood may evoke happy memories, and a sad mood may evoke sad memories. These effects illustrate
A)context-dependent memory.
B)state-dependent memory.
C)feeling of knowing.
D)elaborative rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon that memory is better when individuals are in the same emotional state during encoding and retrieval. So, a happy mood may improve retrieval of happy memories, while a sad mood may improve retrieval of sad memories.

Question 14

Forgetting that occurs because new information inhibits the retrieval of previously learned information or because previously learned information inhibits the retrieval of new information is explained by
A)interference theory.
B)decay theory.
C)repression.
D)displacement.

Accepted Answer

Interference theory explains forgetting that occurs when previously learned information and new information interfere with each other, making it difficult to retrieve one or both of them.

Question 15

Some of the participants in the Brown and McNeil TOT experiments proved to be very good at estimating the number of syllables in words they could not recall. The students often correctly guessed the initial sounds of the words. This finding seems to reflect
A)incomplete or imperfect learning.
B)an absence of visual retrieval cues.
C)skill memory rather than semantic memory.
D)STM displacement by anxiety-evoking information.

Accepted Answer

Participants' ability to estimate syllables and initial sounds suggests that they have partial knowledge of the word, indicating incomplete or imperfect learning rather than a complete absence of memory or retrieval cues.

Question 16

Evidence from a number of studies demonstrates that recall is __________ when the person is tested in a place different from where the material was learned in the first place. These findings illustrate the significance of __________ memory.
A)better; context-dependent
B)worse; context-dependent
C)no different; state-dependent
D)inferior; state-dependent

Accepted Answer

The evidence suggests that recall is worse when tested in a place different from where the material was learned, which indicates the importance of context-dependent memory. Therefore, the correct choice is (B) worse; context-dependent.

Question 17

The paired associates method of testing is usually used in _____ tasks.
A)recall
B)recognition
C)multiple-choice
D)true/false

Accepted Answer

The paired associates method of testing is a common way to test recall memory, where participants are presented with a pair of connected items (such as words or images) and are later asked to recall the second item when presented with the first item as a cue. Therefore, the best choice is A, recall tasks.

Question 18

Peter, a participant in a paired associate learning experiment, noted that the pair GAQ-KET sounded like racquet and that TUV-LAH sounded like tough luck. When GAQ and TUV were presented he came up with KET and LAH, respectively. In linking the pairs Peter used
A)acoustic encoding.
B)maintenance rehearsal.
C)semantic encoding.
D)both semantic and acoustic encoding.

Accepted Answer

Peter used both acoustic encoding (associating the sound of the words with other words that sound similar) and semantic encoding (creating meaning between the pairs, such as "tough luck").

Question 19

Research seems to suggest that memory is organized
A)in a circular fashion.
B)in a hierarchical structure.
C)in strata.
D)bottom up.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that memory is organized in a hierarchical structure, with smaller pieces of information forming clusters that are then organized into larger categories. This hierarchy allows for more efficient retrieval and storage of information.

Question 20

Déjà vu is an example of ______ type of memory
A)context-dependant
B)flashbulb
C)elaborative
D)state-dependent

Accepted Answer

Déjà vu is a phenomenon where a person feels like they have experienced something before, even though it is a new experience. This type of memory is context-dependent, as it is triggered by certain environmental cues that the person may not be consciously aware of. These cues may include smells, sights, sounds, or other sensory information that the person has encountered in a similar context in the past.

Quiz 6: Memory: Remembrance of Things Past-And Future

Greg learned colors in French years ago in high school. He finds that he is having an easier time learning them again in college French. This is due to

The concept of method of savings was developed by Ebbinghaus to study the efficiency of

In Ebbinghaus's classic curve of forgetting, the greatest memory loss occurs

One of the major contributions of Ebbinghaus's research was

Remembering nonsense syllables is difficult because they are meaningless and require

Joy just learned to speak French, but she notices that sometimes when speaking Spanish to her friends, French words come to mind. This is an example of

Evan met Lesley at a party last week. He sees her again a few weeks after their first meeting. He knows that he knows her name but just can't retrieve the information. This experience is referred to as

In preparing for their 40th high school reunion, Jill and Ed correctly identified 75% of their classmates from a pile of old photos that contained classmates and students from other years. Their memory task was based on

A student taking a multiple-choice exam generally relies on the ______ memory task.

The difference between the number of times required to learn material initially and the number of times required to relearn the same material is referred to as

According to _________ memory, if you study while listening to music, you should take your tests while listening to music.

In the effects of mood on memory, a happy mood may evoke happy memories, and a sad mood may evoke sad memories. These effects illustrate

Forgetting that occurs because new information inhibits the retrieval of previously learned information or because previously learned information inhibits the retrieval of new information is explained by

Some of the participants in the Brown and McNeil TOT experiments proved to be very good at estimating the number of syllables in words they could not recall. The students often correctly guessed the initial sounds of the words. This finding seems to reflect

Evidence from a number of studies demonstrates that recall is when the person is tested in a place different from where the material was learned in the first place. These findings illustrate the significance of memory.

The paired associates method of testing is usually used in _____ tasks.

Peter, a participant in a paired associate learning experiment, noted that the pair GAQ-KET sounded like racquet and that TUV-LAH sounded like tough luck. When GAQ and TUV were presented he came up with KET and LAH, respectively. In linking the pairs Peter used

Research seems to suggest that memory is organized

Déjà vu is an example of ______ type of memory